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Q3947371 Direito Administrativo

São princípios expressos no artigo 5º da Lei nº 14.133/2021, EXCETO:

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Q3947370 Direito Administrativo
Conforme lição de Juliano Heinen (2026), e nos termos da Lei Federal nº 14.133/2021, consiste na comprovação da existência legal e da regularidade da empresa, bem como da legitimidade de sua representação e aptidão para assumir obrigações com a Administração Pública, a habilitação: 
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Q3947368 Direito Tributário
Conforme estabelece o artigo 150 do Código Tributário Nacional, “o lançamento ___________, que ocorre quanto aos tributos cuja legislação atribua ao sujeito passivo o dever de antecipar o pagamento sem prévio exame da autoridade administrativa, opera-se pelo ato em que a referida autoridade, tomando conhecimento da atividade assim exercida pelo obrigado, expressamente a homologa”.
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna do trecho acima. 
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Q3947212 Filosofia
No campo da filosofia moral, a distinção entre ética e moral relaciona-se ao papel da consciência crítica e da capacidade de fundamentar racionalmente valores e normas. Sob essa perspectiva, aética constitui
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Q3947211 Filosofia do Direito
Durante a fiscalização tributária de uma empresa, o Auditor Fiscal constata que (I) a receita declarada é inferior à movimentação bancária; (II) o contador alega que é injusto exigir o cumprimento integral das obrigações acessórias porque a carga tributária brasileira é excessiva; e (III) o administrador afirma que empresas que sonegam em crise econômica estão apenas se defendendo. Considerando a distinção filosófica entre juízos de fato e juízos de valor, o que consta em
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Q3947210 Inglês
Atenção: Para responder à questão, baseie-se no texto seguinte.


Challenges in Auditing: Overcoming Barriers to Financial Accuracy and Compliance By accountancy/ December 7, 2024


Auditing is essential for ensuring financial integrity, regulatory compliance, and fraud detection in organizations. However, the audit process faces numerous challenges that can hinder its effectiveness, including evolving regulations, financial complexities, technological disruptions, and fraud risks. These challenges impact the accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of audit outcomes. This article explores some challenges in auditing and how organizations and auditors can address them.

As global economies grow more interconnected and digitalized, auditors are operating in an increasingly complex environment. According to the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), the top challenges facing modern auditors include adapting to evolving financial technologies, maintaining independence amid client pressures, and addressing regulatory diversity across jurisdictions. Understanding these barriers is crucial for enhancing audit quality and sustaining investor confidence.


1. Evolving Accounting Standards and Regulations


Audit teams often face difficulties keeping pace with ongoing updates from regulatory bodies like the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). These revisions, while aimed at improving transparency, require significant retraining, policy adjustments, and system reconfiguration within firms. Noncompliance can result in audit deficiencies or sanctions from oversight bodies such as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB).


2. Compliance with Multiple Jurisdictions


Multinational corporations present complex challenges due to varying legal frameworks, tax systems, and currency translations. Auditors must coordinate across borders, often collaborating with local affiliates to ensure consistent audit quality under different reporting systems.


3. Regulatory Investigations and Legal Risks


- Failure to detect fraud or misstatements can lead to legal actions against auditors.

- Auditors may face reputational damage if their reports are later found inaccurate.

- Example: An audit firm facing legal action for failing to uncover fraudulent revenue reporting.

Recent corporate scandals - such as the collapses of Enron, Wirecard, and Carillion - have heightened scrutiny on auditors. Regulatory agencies now demand greater accountability, transparency, and documentation. This has increased professional liability and insurance costs for audit firms.


4. Fraud Risks and Ethical Challenges


- Companies may manipulate financial reports to inflate profits or hide losses.

- Auditors must apply forensic techniques to detect fraud effectively.

- Example: An organization overstating revenue to attract investors.

Fraudulent reporting remains a persistent global issue. According to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE). organizations lose an estimated 5% of annual revenue to fraud. This underscores the importance of professional skepticism and data-driven audit analytics in uncovering deceptive practices.


5. Auditor Independence and Conflict of Interest


- Auditors may face pressure from management to overlook financial irregularities.

- Close relationships with clients can compromise audit independence.

Example: An auditor receiving incentives to provide an unqualified audit opinion despite financial misstatements.

Maintaining independence is a cornerstone of audit ethics. The IFAC Code of Ethics emphasizes that even perceived conflicts of interest can erode trust. Audit rotation policies and separation of consulting services from audit work are key measures to preserve integrity.


(Disponivel em: https://auditingaccounting.com/challenges-in-auditing-overcoming-barriers-to-financial-accuracy-and-compliance. Adaptado)
De acordo com o texto,
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Q3947209 Inglês
Atenção: Para responder à questão, baseie-se no texto seguinte.


Challenges in Auditing: Overcoming Barriers to Financial Accuracy and Compliance By accountancy/ December 7, 2024


Auditing is essential for ensuring financial integrity, regulatory compliance, and fraud detection in organizations. However, the audit process faces numerous challenges that can hinder its effectiveness, including evolving regulations, financial complexities, technological disruptions, and fraud risks. These challenges impact the accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of audit outcomes. This article explores some challenges in auditing and how organizations and auditors can address them.

As global economies grow more interconnected and digitalized, auditors are operating in an increasingly complex environment. According to the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), the top challenges facing modern auditors include adapting to evolving financial technologies, maintaining independence amid client pressures, and addressing regulatory diversity across jurisdictions. Understanding these barriers is crucial for enhancing audit quality and sustaining investor confidence.


1. Evolving Accounting Standards and Regulations


Audit teams often face difficulties keeping pace with ongoing updates from regulatory bodies like the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). These revisions, while aimed at improving transparency, require significant retraining, policy adjustments, and system reconfiguration within firms. Noncompliance can result in audit deficiencies or sanctions from oversight bodies such as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB).


2. Compliance with Multiple Jurisdictions


Multinational corporations present complex challenges due to varying legal frameworks, tax systems, and currency translations. Auditors must coordinate across borders, often collaborating with local affiliates to ensure consistent audit quality under different reporting systems.


3. Regulatory Investigations and Legal Risks


- Failure to detect fraud or misstatements can lead to legal actions against auditors.

- Auditors may face reputational damage if their reports are later found inaccurate.

- Example: An audit firm facing legal action for failing to uncover fraudulent revenue reporting.

Recent corporate scandals - such as the collapses of Enron, Wirecard, and Carillion - have heightened scrutiny on auditors. Regulatory agencies now demand greater accountability, transparency, and documentation. This has increased professional liability and insurance costs for audit firms.


4. Fraud Risks and Ethical Challenges


- Companies may manipulate financial reports to inflate profits or hide losses.

- Auditors must apply forensic techniques to detect fraud effectively.

- Example: An organization overstating revenue to attract investors.

Fraudulent reporting remains a persistent global issue. According to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE). organizations lose an estimated 5% of annual revenue to fraud. This underscores the importance of professional skepticism and data-driven audit analytics in uncovering deceptive practices.


5. Auditor Independence and Conflict of Interest


- Auditors may face pressure from management to overlook financial irregularities.

- Close relationships with clients can compromise audit independence.

Example: An auditor receiving incentives to provide an unqualified audit opinion despite financial misstatements.

Maintaining independence is a cornerstone of audit ethics. The IFAC Code of Ethics emphasizes that even perceived conflicts of interest can erode trust. Audit rotation policies and separation of consulting services from audit work are key measures to preserve integrity.


(Disponivel em: https://auditingaccounting.com/challenges-in-auditing-overcoming-barriers-to-financial-accuracy-and-compliance. Adaptado)
Um sinônimo para keeping pace with na sentença "Audit teams often face difficulties keeping pace with ongoing updates from regulatory bodies..." é
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Q3947208 Inglês
Atenção: Para responder à questão, baseie-se no texto seguinte.


Challenges in Auditing: Overcoming Barriers to Financial Accuracy and Compliance By accountancy/ December 7, 2024


Auditing is essential for ensuring financial integrity, regulatory compliance, and fraud detection in organizations. However, the audit process faces numerous challenges that can hinder its effectiveness, including evolving regulations, financial complexities, technological disruptions, and fraud risks. These challenges impact the accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of audit outcomes. This article explores some challenges in auditing and how organizations and auditors can address them.

As global economies grow more interconnected and digitalized, auditors are operating in an increasingly complex environment. According to the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), the top challenges facing modern auditors include adapting to evolving financial technologies, maintaining independence amid client pressures, and addressing regulatory diversity across jurisdictions. Understanding these barriers is crucial for enhancing audit quality and sustaining investor confidence.


1. Evolving Accounting Standards and Regulations


Audit teams often face difficulties keeping pace with ongoing updates from regulatory bodies like the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). These revisions, while aimed at improving transparency, require significant retraining, policy adjustments, and system reconfiguration within firms. Noncompliance can result in audit deficiencies or sanctions from oversight bodies such as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB).


2. Compliance with Multiple Jurisdictions


Multinational corporations present complex challenges due to varying legal frameworks, tax systems, and currency translations. Auditors must coordinate across borders, often collaborating with local affiliates to ensure consistent audit quality under different reporting systems.


3. Regulatory Investigations and Legal Risks


- Failure to detect fraud or misstatements can lead to legal actions against auditors.

- Auditors may face reputational damage if their reports are later found inaccurate.

- Example: An audit firm facing legal action for failing to uncover fraudulent revenue reporting.

Recent corporate scandals - such as the collapses of Enron, Wirecard, and Carillion - have heightened scrutiny on auditors. Regulatory agencies now demand greater accountability, transparency, and documentation. This has increased professional liability and insurance costs for audit firms.


4. Fraud Risks and Ethical Challenges


- Companies may manipulate financial reports to inflate profits or hide losses.

- Auditors must apply forensic techniques to detect fraud effectively.

- Example: An organization overstating revenue to attract investors.

Fraudulent reporting remains a persistent global issue. According to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE). organizations lose an estimated 5% of annual revenue to fraud. This underscores the importance of professional skepticism and data-driven audit analytics in uncovering deceptive practices.


5. Auditor Independence and Conflict of Interest


- Auditors may face pressure from management to overlook financial irregularities.

- Close relationships with clients can compromise audit independence.

Example: An auditor receiving incentives to provide an unqualified audit opinion despite financial misstatements.

Maintaining independence is a cornerstone of audit ethics. The IFAC Code of Ethics emphasizes that even perceived conflicts of interest can erode trust. Audit rotation policies and separation of consulting services from audit work are key measures to preserve integrity.


(Disponivel em: https://auditingaccounting.com/challenges-in-auditing-overcoming-barriers-to-financial-accuracy-and-compliance. Adaptado)
Segundo o texto, o sucesso de uma auditoria depende
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Q3947207 Direito Civil
A empresa "A" celebrou contrato de venda de maquinário com a empresa "B" por preço muito abaixo do mercado. Os bens nunca foram retirados do estabelecimento e a compradora não possui capacidade financeira ou estrutura operacional. A operação ocorreu quando a empresa "A" já respondia por débitos de ICMS e o negócio buscava impedir futura constrição fiscal. De acordo com o Código Civil, esse negócio jurídico é
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Q3947206 Direito Tributário
O Estado "A", diante da ausência de lei complementar federal sobre normas gerais de determinado imposto estadual, edita lei estadual disciplinando integralmente o imposto. Decorrido um ano, a União edita lei complementar estabelecendo normas gerais sobre o referido imposto, com algumas disposições diversas da lei do Estado "A". Diante da superveniência da lei federal, a eficácia da lei do Estado "A" deverá ser
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Q3947205 Direito Constitucional
O efeito erga omnes poderá ser conferido à decisão judicial na hipótese de
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Q3947204 Direito Penal
O crime de falsificação de selos destinados a controle tributário, papel selado ou qualquer papel de emissão legal destinado à arrecadação de tributo
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Q3947203 Direito Tributário
Em sede de recuperação judicial de microempresas e de empresas de pequeno porte, nos termos da Lei n2 11.101/2005, o parcelamento dos créditos tributários é
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Q3947202 Legislação Federal
De acordo com a Lei Anticorrupção (Lei nº 12.846/2013), a responsabilização administrativa e civil da pessoa jurídica por atos lesivos contra a Administração Pública previstos nesta Lei praticados em seu interesse ou benefício é
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Q3947201 Direito Digital
De acordo com a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (Lei nº 13.709/2018), em caso de ocorrência de dano patrimonial, moral, individual ou coletivo, em violação à legislação de proteção de dados pessoais, ressalvadas as exceções legais, há responsabilidade
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Q3947200 Direito Administrativo
O Estado "A" celebrou contrato administrativo com uma empresa para fornecimento de materiais pelo prazo de 2 anos. Decorridos apenas 3 meses, entrou em vigor uma lei estadual que aumentou significativamente a alíquota do ICMS sobre insumos essenciais à produção desses materiais, o que elevou os custos operacionais da empresa de forma imprevisível e impactou o equilíbrio econômico-financeiro do contrato. A Administração Pública sustenta que a elevação tributária decorre de política fiscal ampla, sem direcionamento ao contrato, e que a contratada deveria suportar integralmente o ônus por se tratar de risco inerente à atividade econômica. Considerando a Lei de Licitações e Contratos Administrativos (Lei nº 14.133/2021), no caso narrado, a revisão contratual é
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Q3947198 Noções de Informática
Dentre as técnicas de Machine Learning, constitui um exemplo de aprendizado não supervisionado
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Q3947191 Direito Tributário
No âmbito de procedimento de fiscalização estadual do ICMS, um Auditor Fiscal do Estado do Mato Grosso foi designado para examinar a regularidade fiscal de uma indústria de médio porte. O trabalho de auditoria envolveu:

- a aquisição de uma máquina industrial destinada ao ativo imobilizado;
- a compra de insumos utilizados na industrialização;
- a venda de produtos industrializados a clientes contribuintes;
- a verificação do inventário físico de mercadorias ao final do exercício.

Durante a auditoria, o fiscal confrontou as informações constantes nas NF-e com os registros escriturados na EFD-ICMS/IPI, considerando que a EFD substitui, em meio digital, os livros fiscais tradicionais, incluindo Registro de Entradas, Registro de Saídas, Registro de Inventário, Registro de Apuração do ICMS e o CIAP.

À luz das regras de escrituração fiscal digital e da sistemática prevista no RICMS/MT do ICMS,
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Q3947190 Direito Tributário
No curso de procedimento de auditoria fiscal em empresa comercial contribuinte do ICMS, o Auditor Fiscal do Estado do Mato Grosso analisou as aquisições de mercadorias registradas na EFD-ICMS/IPI e confrontou essas informações com as NF-e constantes no Portal Nacional da NF-e.
Verificou-se que determinadas mercadorias haviam sido recebidas fisicamente pela empresa e registradas no estoque, mas algumas NF-e correspondentes apresentavam inconsistências formais, enquanto outras não possuíam registro de autorização de uso na base da SEFAZ.

Sobre a Nota Fiscal Eletrônica, o Ajuste SINIEF 07/05 dispõe:
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Q3947189 Direito Tributário
No curso de auditoria fiscal, o Auditor Fiscal do Estado do Mato Grosso analisou o estoque de determinada indústria no período de 2025, levando em consideração os estoques inicial e final, e verificou que o inventário físico de dezembro apresentava saldo significativamente inferior ao estoque escriturado na EFD. A diferença correspondia a mil unidades físicas a menor no estoque físico, equivalente ao valor de R$ 220.000,00 em mercadorias.
A empresa informou que as mercadorias teriam sido "perdidas por avarias e vencimentos", mas não apresentou laudos, registros de baixa ou notas fiscais de saída correspondentes.

Considerando a lógica de auditoria fiscal e os mecanismos de presunção legal previstos no RICMS/MT, é certo que
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Respostas
361: D
362: C
363: C
364: D
365: B
366: E
367: C
368: B
369: D
370: E
371: B
372: D
373: D
374: C
375: D
376: D
377: C
378: B
379: A
380: D