Foram encontradas 30.707 questões

Resolva questões gratuitamente!

Junte-se a mais de 4 milhões de concurseiros!

Q3794574 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questão.


Italians


The peak period of Italian immigration to the United States occurred between 1880 and 1921, when approximately 4.2 million Italians came to America. The vast majority of these immigrants, about 80 percent, hailed from the Mezzogiorno in southern Italy, a region in the midst of great tumult and hardship. Having only been officially unified in 1860, political tension between the government in the north and the rural peasants in the south increased in the 1870s, when the government placed an onerous tax on wheat and salt, which were necessities for southern farmers and fishermen. In the 1880s, disease ravaged both staple and cash crops; malaria and other epidemics also devastated southern Italy during this period. Additionally, a series of earthquakes and the eruptions of Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in the early 1900s destroyed cities and killed tens of thousands of people.

Conditions in the United States during this era appeared to be very favorable to many in southern Italy. Wages for both skilled and unskilled laborers in the industrialized US could be three times greater than wages for the same work in the depressed Italian economy. Even illiterate day laborers could find better paying jobs with better working conditions in cities like Boston. In the late nineteenth century, Italian immigrants were often referred to as "birds of passage"−young men who migrated alone, earning money to buy land and support their families at home and eventually returning to Italy. After World War I, however, immigration patterns changed and more Italian immigrants began to bring their families over and put down permanent roots in the region.

Patterns of Settlement

Boston's North End neighborhood became the locus of Italian settlement in eastern New England. Once the home of English colonists and revolutionaries like Paul Revere, Irish and Jewish immigrants settled in the North End before the wave of Italian immigration in the late 1800s. By the early 20th century, the North End was densely filled with tenements, in which tens of thousands of Italians lived. Much of the appeal of the North End for immigrant groups was its proximity to work opportunities on the waterfront and in downtown Boston. By 1920, over 50 percent of Italian immigrants in Boston lived in the North End. Those who could afford more spacious dwellings moved across the harbor to East Boston, which by the mid-twentieth century became the city's largest Italian-American community. Others moved to nearby suburbs such as Somerville, Revere and Saugus, especially after World War II. But even as immigrants and their children moved to these areas, many Italian small businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture in New England.

Workforce Participation

Most Italian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries worked menial, unskilled jobs upon their arrival in Boston, as day laborers, dockworkers, or fruit sellers. Others opened shops and small businesses, and some skilled workers (like tailors) found higher-paying jobs. In neighborhoods like the North End and East Boston, immigrants operated Italian restaurants that attracted a growing clientele from across the city. For the earlier "birds of passage," though, assimilating into the wider American culture was not a priority; for more permanent Italian settlers, cultural obstacles such as the language barrier and lower levels of education made upward mobility difficult. Within a few generations, however, Italian Americans in Boston became better educated and were able to move into middle-class and professional occupations, including some of the highest echelons of business and politics.


https://globalboston.bc.edu/index.php/home/ethnic-groups/italians/ 
The word industrialized in "industrialized US" derives from the noun industry and expresses a process of transformation. Which of the following options correctly mirrors this morphological pattern?
Alternativas
Q3794573 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questão.


Italians


The peak period of Italian immigration to the United States occurred between 1880 and 1921, when approximately 4.2 million Italians came to America. The vast majority of these immigrants, about 80 percent, hailed from the Mezzogiorno in southern Italy, a region in the midst of great tumult and hardship. Having only been officially unified in 1860, political tension between the government in the north and the rural peasants in the south increased in the 1870s, when the government placed an onerous tax on wheat and salt, which were necessities for southern farmers and fishermen. In the 1880s, disease ravaged both staple and cash crops; malaria and other epidemics also devastated southern Italy during this period. Additionally, a series of earthquakes and the eruptions of Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in the early 1900s destroyed cities and killed tens of thousands of people.

Conditions in the United States during this era appeared to be very favorable to many in southern Italy. Wages for both skilled and unskilled laborers in the industrialized US could be three times greater than wages for the same work in the depressed Italian economy. Even illiterate day laborers could find better paying jobs with better working conditions in cities like Boston. In the late nineteenth century, Italian immigrants were often referred to as "birds of passage"−young men who migrated alone, earning money to buy land and support their families at home and eventually returning to Italy. After World War I, however, immigration patterns changed and more Italian immigrants began to bring their families over and put down permanent roots in the region.

Patterns of Settlement

Boston's North End neighborhood became the locus of Italian settlement in eastern New England. Once the home of English colonists and revolutionaries like Paul Revere, Irish and Jewish immigrants settled in the North End before the wave of Italian immigration in the late 1800s. By the early 20th century, the North End was densely filled with tenements, in which tens of thousands of Italians lived. Much of the appeal of the North End for immigrant groups was its proximity to work opportunities on the waterfront and in downtown Boston. By 1920, over 50 percent of Italian immigrants in Boston lived in the North End. Those who could afford more spacious dwellings moved across the harbor to East Boston, which by the mid-twentieth century became the city's largest Italian-American community. Others moved to nearby suburbs such as Somerville, Revere and Saugus, especially after World War II. But even as immigrants and their children moved to these areas, many Italian small businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture in New England.

Workforce Participation

Most Italian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries worked menial, unskilled jobs upon their arrival in Boston, as day laborers, dockworkers, or fruit sellers. Others opened shops and small businesses, and some skilled workers (like tailors) found higher-paying jobs. In neighborhoods like the North End and East Boston, immigrants operated Italian restaurants that attracted a growing clientele from across the city. For the earlier "birds of passage," though, assimilating into the wider American culture was not a priority; for more permanent Italian settlers, cultural obstacles such as the language barrier and lower levels of education made upward mobility difficult. Within a few generations, however, Italian Americans in Boston became better educated and were able to move into middle-class and professional occupations, including some of the highest echelons of business and politics.


https://globalboston.bc.edu/index.php/home/ethnic-groups/italians/ 
 In the sentence "Having only been officially unified in 1860, political tension between the government in the north and the rural peasants in the south increased in the 1870s," the use of a non-finite participial clause creates a temporal and causal relationship with the main clause. From a syntactic perspective, this structure exemplifies a form of subordination typical of academic and historical discourse. Which sentence below reproduces an equivalent syntactic pattern?
Alternativas
Q3794572 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questão.


Italians


The peak period of Italian immigration to the United States occurred between 1880 and 1921, when approximately 4.2 million Italians came to America. The vast majority of these immigrants, about 80 percent, hailed from the Mezzogiorno in southern Italy, a region in the midst of great tumult and hardship. Having only been officially unified in 1860, political tension between the government in the north and the rural peasants in the south increased in the 1870s, when the government placed an onerous tax on wheat and salt, which were necessities for southern farmers and fishermen. In the 1880s, disease ravaged both staple and cash crops; malaria and other epidemics also devastated southern Italy during this period. Additionally, a series of earthquakes and the eruptions of Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in the early 1900s destroyed cities and killed tens of thousands of people.

Conditions in the United States during this era appeared to be very favorable to many in southern Italy. Wages for both skilled and unskilled laborers in the industrialized US could be three times greater than wages for the same work in the depressed Italian economy. Even illiterate day laborers could find better paying jobs with better working conditions in cities like Boston. In the late nineteenth century, Italian immigrants were often referred to as "birds of passage"−young men who migrated alone, earning money to buy land and support their families at home and eventually returning to Italy. After World War I, however, immigration patterns changed and more Italian immigrants began to bring their families over and put down permanent roots in the region.

Patterns of Settlement

Boston's North End neighborhood became the locus of Italian settlement in eastern New England. Once the home of English colonists and revolutionaries like Paul Revere, Irish and Jewish immigrants settled in the North End before the wave of Italian immigration in the late 1800s. By the early 20th century, the North End was densely filled with tenements, in which tens of thousands of Italians lived. Much of the appeal of the North End for immigrant groups was its proximity to work opportunities on the waterfront and in downtown Boston. By 1920, over 50 percent of Italian immigrants in Boston lived in the North End. Those who could afford more spacious dwellings moved across the harbor to East Boston, which by the mid-twentieth century became the city's largest Italian-American community. Others moved to nearby suburbs such as Somerville, Revere and Saugus, especially after World War II. But even as immigrants and their children moved to these areas, many Italian small businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture in New England.

Workforce Participation

Most Italian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries worked menial, unskilled jobs upon their arrival in Boston, as day laborers, dockworkers, or fruit sellers. Others opened shops and small businesses, and some skilled workers (like tailors) found higher-paying jobs. In neighborhoods like the North End and East Boston, immigrants operated Italian restaurants that attracted a growing clientele from across the city. For the earlier "birds of passage," though, assimilating into the wider American culture was not a priority; for more permanent Italian settlers, cultural obstacles such as the language barrier and lower levels of education made upward mobility difficult. Within a few generations, however, Italian Americans in Boston became better educated and were able to move into middle-class and professional occupations, including some of the highest echelons of business and politics.


https://globalboston.bc.edu/index.php/home/ethnic-groups/italians/ 
In "By the early 20th century, the North End was densely filled with tenements, in which tens of thousands of Italians lived," the prepositions by and in establish temporal and spatial relations fundamental to textual coherence. Within the framework of English grammar, what specific semantic roles do these prepositions fulfill?
Alternativas
Q3794571 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questão.


Italians


The peak period of Italian immigration to the United States occurred between 1880 and 1921, when approximately 4.2 million Italians came to America. The vast majority of these immigrants, about 80 percent, hailed from the Mezzogiorno in southern Italy, a region in the midst of great tumult and hardship. Having only been officially unified in 1860, political tension between the government in the north and the rural peasants in the south increased in the 1870s, when the government placed an onerous tax on wheat and salt, which were necessities for southern farmers and fishermen. In the 1880s, disease ravaged both staple and cash crops; malaria and other epidemics also devastated southern Italy during this period. Additionally, a series of earthquakes and the eruptions of Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in the early 1900s destroyed cities and killed tens of thousands of people.

Conditions in the United States during this era appeared to be very favorable to many in southern Italy. Wages for both skilled and unskilled laborers in the industrialized US could be three times greater than wages for the same work in the depressed Italian economy. Even illiterate day laborers could find better paying jobs with better working conditions in cities like Boston. In the late nineteenth century, Italian immigrants were often referred to as "birds of passage"−young men who migrated alone, earning money to buy land and support their families at home and eventually returning to Italy. After World War I, however, immigration patterns changed and more Italian immigrants began to bring their families over and put down permanent roots in the region.

Patterns of Settlement

Boston's North End neighborhood became the locus of Italian settlement in eastern New England. Once the home of English colonists and revolutionaries like Paul Revere, Irish and Jewish immigrants settled in the North End before the wave of Italian immigration in the late 1800s. By the early 20th century, the North End was densely filled with tenements, in which tens of thousands of Italians lived. Much of the appeal of the North End for immigrant groups was its proximity to work opportunities on the waterfront and in downtown Boston. By 1920, over 50 percent of Italian immigrants in Boston lived in the North End. Those who could afford more spacious dwellings moved across the harbor to East Boston, which by the mid-twentieth century became the city's largest Italian-American community. Others moved to nearby suburbs such as Somerville, Revere and Saugus, especially after World War II. But even as immigrants and their children moved to these areas, many Italian small businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture in New England.

Workforce Participation

Most Italian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries worked menial, unskilled jobs upon their arrival in Boston, as day laborers, dockworkers, or fruit sellers. Others opened shops and small businesses, and some skilled workers (like tailors) found higher-paying jobs. In neighborhoods like the North End and East Boston, immigrants operated Italian restaurants that attracted a growing clientele from across the city. For the earlier "birds of passage," though, assimilating into the wider American culture was not a priority; for more permanent Italian settlers, cultural obstacles such as the language barrier and lower levels of education made upward mobility difficult. Within a few generations, however, Italian Americans in Boston became better educated and were able to move into middle-class and professional occupations, including some of the highest echelons of business and politics.


https://globalboston.bc.edu/index.php/home/ethnic-groups/italians/ 
The text indicates that "many Italian small businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture." From an inferential reading perspective, what conclusion can be drawn about immigrant cultural persistence in urban spaces?
Alternativas
Q3794570 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questão.


Italians


The peak period of Italian immigration to the United States occurred between 1880 and 1921, when approximately 4.2 million Italians came to America. The vast majority of these immigrants, about 80 percent, hailed from the Mezzogiorno in southern Italy, a region in the midst of great tumult and hardship. Having only been officially unified in 1860, political tension between the government in the north and the rural peasants in the south increased in the 1870s, when the government placed an onerous tax on wheat and salt, which were necessities for southern farmers and fishermen. In the 1880s, disease ravaged both staple and cash crops; malaria and other epidemics also devastated southern Italy during this period. Additionally, a series of earthquakes and the eruptions of Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in the early 1900s destroyed cities and killed tens of thousands of people.

Conditions in the United States during this era appeared to be very favorable to many in southern Italy. Wages for both skilled and unskilled laborers in the industrialized US could be three times greater than wages for the same work in the depressed Italian economy. Even illiterate day laborers could find better paying jobs with better working conditions in cities like Boston. In the late nineteenth century, Italian immigrants were often referred to as "birds of passage"−young men who migrated alone, earning money to buy land and support their families at home and eventually returning to Italy. After World War I, however, immigration patterns changed and more Italian immigrants began to bring their families over and put down permanent roots in the region.

Patterns of Settlement

Boston's North End neighborhood became the locus of Italian settlement in eastern New England. Once the home of English colonists and revolutionaries like Paul Revere, Irish and Jewish immigrants settled in the North End before the wave of Italian immigration in the late 1800s. By the early 20th century, the North End was densely filled with tenements, in which tens of thousands of Italians lived. Much of the appeal of the North End for immigrant groups was its proximity to work opportunities on the waterfront and in downtown Boston. By 1920, over 50 percent of Italian immigrants in Boston lived in the North End. Those who could afford more spacious dwellings moved across the harbor to East Boston, which by the mid-twentieth century became the city's largest Italian-American community. Others moved to nearby suburbs such as Somerville, Revere and Saugus, especially after World War II. But even as immigrants and their children moved to these areas, many Italian small businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture in New England.

Workforce Participation

Most Italian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries worked menial, unskilled jobs upon their arrival in Boston, as day laborers, dockworkers, or fruit sellers. Others opened shops and small businesses, and some skilled workers (like tailors) found higher-paying jobs. In neighborhoods like the North End and East Boston, immigrants operated Italian restaurants that attracted a growing clientele from across the city. For the earlier "birds of passage," though, assimilating into the wider American culture was not a priority; for more permanent Italian settlers, cultural obstacles such as the language barrier and lower levels of education made upward mobility difficult. Within a few generations, however, Italian Americans in Boston became better educated and were able to move into middle-class and professional occupations, including some of the highest echelons of business and politics.


https://globalboston.bc.edu/index.php/home/ethnic-groups/italians/ 
In "After World War I, however, immigration patterns changed," the adverbial connector however signals contrast and textual progression. From a discourse perspective, such connectors perform a metatextual role, guiding reader interpretation. Which sentence below uses however in the same cohesive function?
Alternativas
Q3794569 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questão.


Italians


The peak period of Italian immigration to the United States occurred between 1880 and 1921, when approximately 4.2 million Italians came to America. The vast majority of these immigrants, about 80 percent, hailed from the Mezzogiorno in southern Italy, a region in the midst of great tumult and hardship. Having only been officially unified in 1860, political tension between the government in the north and the rural peasants in the south increased in the 1870s, when the government placed an onerous tax on wheat and salt, which were necessities for southern farmers and fishermen. In the 1880s, disease ravaged both staple and cash crops; malaria and other epidemics also devastated southern Italy during this period. Additionally, a series of earthquakes and the eruptions of Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in the early 1900s destroyed cities and killed tens of thousands of people.

Conditions in the United States during this era appeared to be very favorable to many in southern Italy. Wages for both skilled and unskilled laborers in the industrialized US could be three times greater than wages for the same work in the depressed Italian economy. Even illiterate day laborers could find better paying jobs with better working conditions in cities like Boston. In the late nineteenth century, Italian immigrants were often referred to as "birds of passage"−young men who migrated alone, earning money to buy land and support their families at home and eventually returning to Italy. After World War I, however, immigration patterns changed and more Italian immigrants began to bring their families over and put down permanent roots in the region.

Patterns of Settlement

Boston's North End neighborhood became the locus of Italian settlement in eastern New England. Once the home of English colonists and revolutionaries like Paul Revere, Irish and Jewish immigrants settled in the North End before the wave of Italian immigration in the late 1800s. By the early 20th century, the North End was densely filled with tenements, in which tens of thousands of Italians lived. Much of the appeal of the North End for immigrant groups was its proximity to work opportunities on the waterfront and in downtown Boston. By 1920, over 50 percent of Italian immigrants in Boston lived in the North End. Those who could afford more spacious dwellings moved across the harbor to East Boston, which by the mid-twentieth century became the city's largest Italian-American community. Others moved to nearby suburbs such as Somerville, Revere and Saugus, especially after World War II. But even as immigrants and their children moved to these areas, many Italian small businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture in New England.

Workforce Participation

Most Italian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries worked menial, unskilled jobs upon their arrival in Boston, as day laborers, dockworkers, or fruit sellers. Others opened shops and small businesses, and some skilled workers (like tailors) found higher-paying jobs. In neighborhoods like the North End and East Boston, immigrants operated Italian restaurants that attracted a growing clientele from across the city. For the earlier "birds of passage," though, assimilating into the wider American culture was not a priority; for more permanent Italian settlers, cultural obstacles such as the language barrier and lower levels of education made upward mobility difficult. Within a few generations, however, Italian Americans in Boston became better educated and were able to move into middle-class and professional occupations, including some of the highest echelons of business and politics.


https://globalboston.bc.edu/index.php/home/ethnic-groups/italians/ 
In the passage, the narrator refers to southern Italy as "a region in the midst of great tumult and hardship." Considering the function of adjectives within the nominal phrase, analyze how the words great and southern operate semantically and syntactically. They not only qualify the nouns they precede but also contribute to the text's evaluative tone about regional inequality and social crisis. What do these adjectives primarily express within this context? 
Alternativas
Q3794568 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questão.


Italians


The peak period of Italian immigration to the United States occurred between 1880 and 1921, when approximately 4.2 million Italians came to America. The vast majority of these immigrants, about 80 percent, hailed from the Mezzogiorno in southern Italy, a region in the midst of great tumult and hardship. Having only been officially unified in 1860, political tension between the government in the north and the rural peasants in the south increased in the 1870s, when the government placed an onerous tax on wheat and salt, which were necessities for southern farmers and fishermen. In the 1880s, disease ravaged both staple and cash crops; malaria and other epidemics also devastated southern Italy during this period. Additionally, a series of earthquakes and the eruptions of Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in the early 1900s destroyed cities and killed tens of thousands of people.

Conditions in the United States during this era appeared to be very favorable to many in southern Italy. Wages for both skilled and unskilled laborers in the industrialized US could be three times greater than wages for the same work in the depressed Italian economy. Even illiterate day laborers could find better paying jobs with better working conditions in cities like Boston. In the late nineteenth century, Italian immigrants were often referred to as "birds of passage"−young men who migrated alone, earning money to buy land and support their families at home and eventually returning to Italy. After World War I, however, immigration patterns changed and more Italian immigrants began to bring their families over and put down permanent roots in the region.

Patterns of Settlement

Boston's North End neighborhood became the locus of Italian settlement in eastern New England. Once the home of English colonists and revolutionaries like Paul Revere, Irish and Jewish immigrants settled in the North End before the wave of Italian immigration in the late 1800s. By the early 20th century, the North End was densely filled with tenements, in which tens of thousands of Italians lived. Much of the appeal of the North End for immigrant groups was its proximity to work opportunities on the waterfront and in downtown Boston. By 1920, over 50 percent of Italian immigrants in Boston lived in the North End. Those who could afford more spacious dwellings moved across the harbor to East Boston, which by the mid-twentieth century became the city's largest Italian-American community. Others moved to nearby suburbs such as Somerville, Revere and Saugus, especially after World War II. But even as immigrants and their children moved to these areas, many Italian small businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture in New England.

Workforce Participation

Most Italian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries worked menial, unskilled jobs upon their arrival in Boston, as day laborers, dockworkers, or fruit sellers. Others opened shops and small businesses, and some skilled workers (like tailors) found higher-paying jobs. In neighborhoods like the North End and East Boston, immigrants operated Italian restaurants that attracted a growing clientele from across the city. For the earlier "birds of passage," though, assimilating into the wider American culture was not a priority; for more permanent Italian settlers, cultural obstacles such as the language barrier and lower levels of education made upward mobility difficult. Within a few generations, however, Italian Americans in Boston became better educated and were able to move into middle-class and professional occupations, including some of the highest echelons of business and politics.


https://globalboston.bc.edu/index.php/home/ethnic-groups/italians/ 
The text refers to "illiterate day laborers" and "skilled and unskilled workers," emphasizing class distinctions and occupational hierarchies. From the perspective of the noun phrase structure, these expressions combine adjectives that serve both descriptive and classificatory functions. How do such structures contribute to the socio-historical meaning of the text?
Alternativas
Q3794567 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questão.


Italians


The peak period of Italian immigration to the United States occurred between 1880 and 1921, when approximately 4.2 million Italians came to America. The vast majority of these immigrants, about 80 percent, hailed from the Mezzogiorno in southern Italy, a region in the midst of great tumult and hardship. Having only been officially unified in 1860, political tension between the government in the north and the rural peasants in the south increased in the 1870s, when the government placed an onerous tax on wheat and salt, which were necessities for southern farmers and fishermen. In the 1880s, disease ravaged both staple and cash crops; malaria and other epidemics also devastated southern Italy during this period. Additionally, a series of earthquakes and the eruptions of Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in the early 1900s destroyed cities and killed tens of thousands of people.

Conditions in the United States during this era appeared to be very favorable to many in southern Italy. Wages for both skilled and unskilled laborers in the industrialized US could be three times greater than wages for the same work in the depressed Italian economy. Even illiterate day laborers could find better paying jobs with better working conditions in cities like Boston. In the late nineteenth century, Italian immigrants were often referred to as "birds of passage"−young men who migrated alone, earning money to buy land and support their families at home and eventually returning to Italy. After World War I, however, immigration patterns changed and more Italian immigrants began to bring their families over and put down permanent roots in the region.

Patterns of Settlement

Boston's North End neighborhood became the locus of Italian settlement in eastern New England. Once the home of English colonists and revolutionaries like Paul Revere, Irish and Jewish immigrants settled in the North End before the wave of Italian immigration in the late 1800s. By the early 20th century, the North End was densely filled with tenements, in which tens of thousands of Italians lived. Much of the appeal of the North End for immigrant groups was its proximity to work opportunities on the waterfront and in downtown Boston. By 1920, over 50 percent of Italian immigrants in Boston lived in the North End. Those who could afford more spacious dwellings moved across the harbor to East Boston, which by the mid-twentieth century became the city's largest Italian-American community. Others moved to nearby suburbs such as Somerville, Revere and Saugus, especially after World War II. But even as immigrants and their children moved to these areas, many Italian small businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture in New England.

Workforce Participation

Most Italian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries worked menial, unskilled jobs upon their arrival in Boston, as day laborers, dockworkers, or fruit sellers. Others opened shops and small businesses, and some skilled workers (like tailors) found higher-paying jobs. In neighborhoods like the North End and East Boston, immigrants operated Italian restaurants that attracted a growing clientele from across the city. For the earlier "birds of passage," though, assimilating into the wider American culture was not a priority; for more permanent Italian settlers, cultural obstacles such as the language barrier and lower levels of education made upward mobility difficult. Within a few generations, however, Italian Americans in Boston became better educated and were able to move into middle-class and professional occupations, including some of the highest echelons of business and politics.


https://globalboston.bc.edu/index.php/home/ethnic-groups/italians/ 
In the clause "disease ravaged both staple and cash crops," the active voice foregrounds the agent and the action simultaneously. If transformed into a passive construction without altering meaning, which alternative preserves both grammatical accuracy and semantic equivalence?
Alternativas
Q3794566 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questão.


Italians


The peak period of Italian immigration to the United States occurred between 1880 and 1921, when approximately 4.2 million Italians came to America. The vast majority of these immigrants, about 80 percent, hailed from the Mezzogiorno in southern Italy, a region in the midst of great tumult and hardship. Having only been officially unified in 1860, political tension between the government in the north and the rural peasants in the south increased in the 1870s, when the government placed an onerous tax on wheat and salt, which were necessities for southern farmers and fishermen. In the 1880s, disease ravaged both staple and cash crops; malaria and other epidemics also devastated southern Italy during this period. Additionally, a series of earthquakes and the eruptions of Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in the early 1900s destroyed cities and killed tens of thousands of people.

Conditions in the United States during this era appeared to be very favorable to many in southern Italy. Wages for both skilled and unskilled laborers in the industrialized US could be three times greater than wages for the same work in the depressed Italian economy. Even illiterate day laborers could find better paying jobs with better working conditions in cities like Boston. In the late nineteenth century, Italian immigrants were often referred to as "birds of passage"−young men who migrated alone, earning money to buy land and support their families at home and eventually returning to Italy. After World War I, however, immigration patterns changed and more Italian immigrants began to bring their families over and put down permanent roots in the region.

Patterns of Settlement

Boston's North End neighborhood became the locus of Italian settlement in eastern New England. Once the home of English colonists and revolutionaries like Paul Revere, Irish and Jewish immigrants settled in the North End before the wave of Italian immigration in the late 1800s. By the early 20th century, the North End was densely filled with tenements, in which tens of thousands of Italians lived. Much of the appeal of the North End for immigrant groups was its proximity to work opportunities on the waterfront and in downtown Boston. By 1920, over 50 percent of Italian immigrants in Boston lived in the North End. Those who could afford more spacious dwellings moved across the harbor to East Boston, which by the mid-twentieth century became the city's largest Italian-American community. Others moved to nearby suburbs such as Somerville, Revere and Saugus, especially after World War II. But even as immigrants and their children moved to these areas, many Italian small businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture in New England.

Workforce Participation

Most Italian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries worked menial, unskilled jobs upon their arrival in Boston, as day laborers, dockworkers, or fruit sellers. Others opened shops and small businesses, and some skilled workers (like tailors) found higher-paying jobs. In neighborhoods like the North End and East Boston, immigrants operated Italian restaurants that attracted a growing clientele from across the city. For the earlier "birds of passage," though, assimilating into the wider American culture was not a priority; for more permanent Italian settlers, cultural obstacles such as the language barrier and lower levels of education made upward mobility difficult. Within a few generations, however, Italian Americans in Boston became better educated and were able to move into middle-class and professional occupations, including some of the highest echelons of business and politics.


https://globalboston.bc.edu/index.php/home/ethnic-groups/italians/ 
The text "Italians" combines narrative description and historical exposition, presenting factual information with interpretive commentary. Considering textual typology and communicative function, which feature best defines this genre?
Alternativas
Q3794565 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questão.


Italians


The peak period of Italian immigration to the United States occurred between 1880 and 1921, when approximately 4.2 million Italians came to America. The vast majority of these immigrants, about 80 percent, hailed from the Mezzogiorno in southern Italy, a region in the midst of great tumult and hardship. Having only been officially unified in 1860, political tension between the government in the north and the rural peasants in the south increased in the 1870s, when the government placed an onerous tax on wheat and salt, which were necessities for southern farmers and fishermen. In the 1880s, disease ravaged both staple and cash crops; malaria and other epidemics also devastated southern Italy during this period. Additionally, a series of earthquakes and the eruptions of Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in the early 1900s destroyed cities and killed tens of thousands of people.

Conditions in the United States during this era appeared to be very favorable to many in southern Italy. Wages for both skilled and unskilled laborers in the industrialized US could be three times greater than wages for the same work in the depressed Italian economy. Even illiterate day laborers could find better paying jobs with better working conditions in cities like Boston. In the late nineteenth century, Italian immigrants were often referred to as "birds of passage"−young men who migrated alone, earning money to buy land and support their families at home and eventually returning to Italy. After World War I, however, immigration patterns changed and more Italian immigrants began to bring their families over and put down permanent roots in the region.

Patterns of Settlement

Boston's North End neighborhood became the locus of Italian settlement in eastern New England. Once the home of English colonists and revolutionaries like Paul Revere, Irish and Jewish immigrants settled in the North End before the wave of Italian immigration in the late 1800s. By the early 20th century, the North End was densely filled with tenements, in which tens of thousands of Italians lived. Much of the appeal of the North End for immigrant groups was its proximity to work opportunities on the waterfront and in downtown Boston. By 1920, over 50 percent of Italian immigrants in Boston lived in the North End. Those who could afford more spacious dwellings moved across the harbor to East Boston, which by the mid-twentieth century became the city's largest Italian-American community. Others moved to nearby suburbs such as Somerville, Revere and Saugus, especially after World War II. But even as immigrants and their children moved to these areas, many Italian small businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture in New England.

Workforce Participation

Most Italian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries worked menial, unskilled jobs upon their arrival in Boston, as day laborers, dockworkers, or fruit sellers. Others opened shops and small businesses, and some skilled workers (like tailors) found higher-paying jobs. In neighborhoods like the North End and East Boston, immigrants operated Italian restaurants that attracted a growing clientele from across the city. For the earlier "birds of passage," though, assimilating into the wider American culture was not a priority; for more permanent Italian settlers, cultural obstacles such as the language barrier and lower levels of education made upward mobility difficult. Within a few generations, however, Italian Americans in Boston became better educated and were able to move into middle-class and professional occupations, including some of the highest echelons of business and politics.


https://globalboston.bc.edu/index.php/home/ethnic-groups/italians/ 
In "Conditions in the United States during this era appeared to be very favorable to many in southern Italy," the adverb very intensifies the adjective favorable. From a syntactic and pragmatic perspective, adverbs of degree like very operate as scalar modifiers that influence meaning without altering propositional truth. Which of the following sentences mirrors the same grammatical and semantic function of "very" in this context?
Alternativas
Q3794564 Pedagogia
De acordo com as legislações nacionais, a educação é direito de todos e dever do Estado e da família, além disso deve ser promovida e incentivada com a colaboração da sociedade, visando ao pleno desenvolvimento da pessoa, seu preparo para o exercício da cidadania e sua qualificação para o trabalho. Assim sendo, para atender a tais finalidades no âmbito da educação escolar, reconhece-se a necessidade de que sejam "fixados conteúdos mínimos para o ensino fundamental, de maneira a assegurar formação básica comum e respeito aos valores culturais e artísticos, nacionais e regionais" (BRASIL, 1988). Diante disso, existem marcos legais que fundamentam a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), julgue-os:

I. Lei que estabelece o Regime Jurídico dos Servidores Públicos Civis da União (Lei Federal n° 8.112/1990).
II. Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB - Lei Federal n° 9.394/1996).
III. Constituição Federal de 1988. É CORRETO o que se afirma em:

É CORRETO o que se afirma em:
Alternativas
Q3794563 Pedagogia
Existem algumas regras básicas que orientam o ensino, conforme a Lei Federal nº 9.394/1996 (LDB), Art. 24, no que se refere à educação básica, nos níveis Fundamental e Médio, considerando sua organização, excluindo-se o tempo reservado aos exames finais, quando houver. Com base nisso, julgue os itens a seguir: 

I. O Ensino Médio deverá contar com 1.000 (mil) de carga horária mínima anual.
II. A carga horária máxima anual será de 850 (oitocentas e cinquenta) horas para o Ensino Fundamental.
III. O calendário escolar deve ter, no mínimo, 200 (duzentos) dias de efetivo trabalho escolar.

É CORRETO o que se afirma em:
Alternativas
Q3794562 Pedagogia
De acordo com a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), ela e os currículos exercem papéis complementares na garantia das aprendizagens essenciais definidas para cada etapa da Educação Básica, uma vez que tais aprendizagens se concretizam por meio do conjunto de decisões que caracterizam o currículo em ação. Essas decisões são responsáveis por adequar as proposições da BNCC à realidade local, respeitando a autonomia dos sistemas e redes de ensino, das instituições escolares, bem como o contexto e as características dos alunos. Tais decisões, que resultam de um processo participativo envolvendo famílias e comunidade, referem-se às ações descritas a seguir. Assinale a alternativa INCORRETA.
Alternativas
Q3794561 Pedagogia
A Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (Lei Federal nº 9.394/1996, Art. 4) dispõe sobre a educação, compreendendo os processos formativos que se desenvolvem na vida familiar, na convivência humana, no trabalho, nas instituições de ensino e pesquisa, nos movimentos sociais, nas organizações da sociedade civil e nas manifestações culturais. Com base nessa legislação, julgue os itens a seguir:

I. O Estado não precisa garantir a educação digital, com conectividade para todas as instituições públicas de educação básica e superior com internet de alta velocidade, adequada ao uso pedagógico, nem promover o desenvolvimento de competências relacionadas ao letramento digital de jovens e adultos, à criação de conteúdos digitais, à comunicação e colaboração, à segurança e à resolução de problemas.
II. É assegurado atendimento educacional ao aluno da educação básica internado para tratamento de saúde, em regime hospitalar ou domiciliar, por tempo prolongado, conforme dispuser o Poder Público em regulamento, na esfera de sua competência federativa.

A partir da análise dos itens, é possível AFIRMAR que:
Alternativas
Q3794560 Pedagogia
Espera-se que a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) contribua para superar a fragmentação das políticas educacionais, fortalecer o regime de colaboração entre as três esferas de governo e servir como referência para a qualidade da educação. De acordo com a BNCC, entende-se como a mobilização de conhecimentos (conceitos e procedimentos), habilidades (práticas, cognitivas e socioemocionais), atitudes e valores, com o objetivo de resolver demandas complexas da vida cotidiana, do pleno exercício da cidadania e do mundo do trabalho. Esse conceito é denominado:
Alternativas
Q3794559 Pedagogia
A Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) está organizada em etapas que abrangem toda a Educação Básica — Educação Infantil, Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio. Nela, os alunos devem desenvolver as dez competências gerais, que têm como objetivo garantir, ao longo do processo de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento, uma formação humana integral, voltada à construção de uma sociedade justa, democrática e inclusiva. Na primeira etapa da Educação Básica, a Educação Infantil, com base nos eixos estruturantes interações e brincadeiras, devem ser assegurados seis (X) , que possibilitam às crianças aprender e se desenvolver plenamente. São eles: Conviver, Brincar, Participar, Explorar, Expressar e Conhecer-se. Assinale a alternativa que substitui corretamente o (X) do texto.
Alternativas
Q3794557 Pedagogia
Conforme instituído na Lei Federal n° 9.394, de 20 de dezembro de 1996, Art. 7°, o ensino é livre à iniciativa privada, desde que sejam atendidas algumas condições:

I. Capacidade de conseguir um financiamento depende principalmente da sua capacidade de pagamento e do seu histórico de crédito.
II. Cumprimento das normas gerais da educação nacional e do respectivo sistema de ensino.
III. Autorização de funcionamento e avaliação de qualidade por auditorias independentes.

É CORRETO o que se afirma em:
Alternativas
Q3794556 Pedagogia
Abaixo, constam a organização dos sistemas de ensino da educação nacional de acordo com as suas incumbências, conforme Lei Federal n° 9.394/1996. Correlacione-os:

I. Estabelecer, em colaboração com os Estados, o Distrito Federal e os Municípios, competências e diretrizes para a educação infantil, o ensino fundamental e o ensino médio, que nortearão os currículos e seus conteúdos mínimos, de modo a assegurar formação básica comum.
II. Prover meios para a recuperação dos alunos de menor rendimento.
III. Assumir o transporte escolar dos alunos da rede municipal, permitindo aos respectivos professores, em trechos autorizados, o uso de assentos vagos nos veículos;

Correlacione os itens I, II e III, e assinale a alternativa CORRETA. 
Alternativas
Q3794555 Pedagogia
As competências gerais da Educação Básica estão inter-relacionadas e se desdobram no tratamento didático proposto para as três etapas da Educação Básica, Educação Infantil, Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio. Elas se articulam na construção de conhecimentos, no desenvolvimento de habilidades e na formação de atitudes e valores. Dentre as competências gerais da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), julgue as afirmativas a seguir como Verdadeiras (V) ou Falsas (F): 

(__) Utilizar diferentes linguagens, verbal (oral ou visual-motora, como Libras, e escrita), corporal, visual, sonora e digital, bem como conhecimentos das linguagens artística, matemática e científica, para se expressar e partilhar informações, experiências, ideias e sentimentos em diferentes contextos, produzindo sentidos que promovam o entendimento mútuo.
(__) Valorizar a diversidade de saberes e vivências culturais, apropriando-se de conhecimentos e experiências que permitam compreender as relações próprias do mundo do trabalho e fazer escolhas alinhadas ao exercício da cidadania e ao seu projeto de vida, com liberdade, autonomia, consciência crítica e responsabilidade.
(__) Exercitar a curiosidade intelectual e recorrer à abordagem própria das ciências, restringindo-se à reprodução de informações e à memorização de conteúdos, sem a necessidade de desenvolver pensamento crítico, criatividade ou autonomia intelectual.

Assinale a alternativa com a sequência CORRETA dos itens acima, de cima para baixo:
Alternativas
Q3794554 Português
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


Como é fazer entrevista de emprego com uma inteligência artificial: tempo foi otimizado, mas desumaniza


O economista Everton Freire, de 33 anos, havia preenchido dezenas de formulários em busca de trabalho quando finalmente recebeu um e-mail positivo: fora selecionado para a segunda etapa de um processo seletivo em uma empresa de educação na área da saúde. Surpreendeu-se ao saber que seria entrevistado por uma inteligência artificial — experiência inédita entre as vagas às quais havia se candidatado.

Esse tipo de tecnologia vem sendo adotado por empresas brasileiras de vários portes. No caso de Freire, as instruções chegaram por WhatsApp, e suas respostas deveriam ser enviadas em áudio. O sistema reagia de forma imediata, adaptando as perguntas às respostas. Após poucas interações, a entrevista terminou com um retorno positivo: ele se encaixava no perfil da vaga. O processo, porém, não avançou.

Freire relata ter sentido curiosidade e estranhamento. Achou impessoal falar com uma máquina, especialmente em uma empresa da área da saúde. Depois reconheceu que o tempo fora otimizado e que, ao menos, obteve um retorno rápido. Hoje, já empregado, avalia que a tecnologia beneficia mais as empresas do que os candidatos: "é eficiente, mas desumaniza o processo".

O uso de IA em processos seletivos não é novo, mas se expandiu com a IA generativa, como o ChatGPT. Segundo a professora Humberta Silva, da Hochschule Bremen, o grande volume de candidaturas em plataformas como o LinkedIn levou empresas a recorrerem à automação. A pandemia acelerou esse movimento, com chatbots, entrevistas avaliadas por algoritmos e rankings automáticos.

Especialistas apontam vantagens como escalabilidade, padronização e redução de vieses. Edison Audi Kalaf, professor do Insper, afirma que o impacto da IA pode superar o da internet no início dos anos 2000, desde que usada de modo ético.

Startups brasileiras já oferecem esse tipo de serviço, defendendo ganhos de tempo e custo. Patrick Gouy, da Recrut.AI, ressalta que seria inviável analisar milhares de currículos sem apoio tecnológico. Christian Pedrosa, da DigAI, diz que o modelo reduz vieses, e Augusto Salomon, da Starmind, afirma que a IA tende a julgar menos que humanos. Para Pamela Borges, da Coploy, a tecnologia não substitui o recrutador, mas libera o profissional para tarefas mais estratégicas.

A tese de doutorado de Humberta Silva, na FEA-USP, conclui que as vantagens da IA ainda não superam os efeitos negativos, como a exigência de palavras-chave, o acesso desigual à internet e a falta de transparência sobre o uso da tecnologia. O desequilíbrio de poder entre empresas e candidatos também aumenta, pois as corporações dispõem de mais informações.

Em testes feitos pela BBC News Brasil, as entrevistas conduzidas por IA destacaram a valorização de termos técnicos e avaliações automáticas pouco contextualizadas. Em um caso, um candidato foi penalizado por não citar "SEO", exigência apenas opcional. Em outro, as respostas foram criticadas por motivos sem relação com a pergunta.

Em um experimento, jornalistas responderam a uma entrevista com textos criados pelo ChatGPT, adaptados para soar naturais. O desempenho foi bem avaliado, mas o sistema registrou suspeita de leitura das respostas.

O uso de IA em recrutamentos exige cautela jurídica. O advogado Rafael Bispo de Filippis, do escritório Mattos Filho, explica que, mesmo sem legislação específica, continuam válidas as regras contra discriminação. Se o algoritmo agir de forma enviesada, o candidato pode buscar indenização. O projeto de lei aprovado no Senado em 2024, ainda em análise na Câmara, prevê transparência, direito à informação e correção de vieses.

Filippis recomenda que empresas mantenham contratos claros com os fornecedores de IA e arquivem as entrevistas, garantindo meios de defesa em caso de litígio. Candidatos podem solicitar acesso a seus dados com base na Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD).

Ainda cercado de desafios éticos e humanos, o uso da inteligência artificial em entrevistas tende a se consolidar. Para as empresas, representa eficiência; para candidatos como Everton Freire, lembra que, mesmo com ganhos de tempo, nada substitui o olhar humano no processo de seleção.


https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/articles/cewyng440vro.adaptado.
A professora Humberta Silva, da Hochschule Bremen, concluiu em sua tese que as vantagens do uso da inteligência artificial em processos seletivos ainda não superam os efeitos negativos, como a exigência de "palavras-chave", o acesso desigual à internet e a falta de transparência sobre o uso da tecnologia.

De acordo com as regras da ortografia oficial vigente, é CORRETO afirmar que: 
Alternativas
Respostas
3881: C
3882: B
3883: A
3884: D
3885: B
3886: B
3887: C
3888: B
3889: A
3890: A
3891: D
3892: C
3893: B
3894: D
3895: B
3896: B
3897: B
3898: C
3899: B
3900: C