The text refers to "illiterate day laborers" and "skilled an...
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Ano: 2025
Banca:
IGEDUC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São José do Seridó - RN
Prova:
IGEDUC - 2025 - Prefeitura de São José do Seridó - RN - Professor de Língua Inglesa |
Q3794568
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às
questão.
Italians
The peak period of Italian immigration to the United
States occurred between 1880 and 1921, when
approximately 4.2 million Italians came to America. The
vast majority of these immigrants, about 80 percent,
hailed from the Mezzogiorno in southern Italy, a region in
the midst of great tumult and hardship. Having only been
officially unified in 1860, political tension between the
government in the north and the rural peasants in the
south increased in the 1870s, when the government
placed an onerous tax on wheat and salt, which were
necessities for southern farmers and fishermen. In the
1880s, disease ravaged both staple and cash crops;
malaria and other epidemics also devastated southern
Italy during this period. Additionally, a series of
earthquakes and the eruptions of Mount Etna and Mount
Vesuvius in the early 1900s destroyed cities and killed
tens of thousands of people.
Conditions in the United States during this era appeared
to be very favorable to many in southern Italy. Wages for
both skilled and unskilled laborers in the industrialized US
could be three times greater than wages for the same
work in the depressed Italian economy. Even illiterate day
laborers could find better paying jobs with better working
conditions in cities like Boston. In the late nineteenth
century, Italian immigrants were often referred to as
"birds of passage"−young men who migrated alone,
earning money to buy land and support their families at
home and eventually returning to Italy. After World War I,
however, immigration patterns changed and more Italian
immigrants began to bring their families over and put
down permanent roots in the region.
Patterns of Settlement
Boston's North End neighborhood became the locus of
Italian settlement in eastern New England. Once the
home of English colonists and revolutionaries like Paul
Revere, Irish and Jewish immigrants settled in the North
End before the wave of Italian immigration in the late
1800s. By the early 20th century, the North End was
densely filled with tenements, in which tens of thousands
of Italians lived. Much of the appeal of the North End for
immigrant groups was its proximity to work opportunities
on the waterfront and in downtown Boston. By 1920, over
50 percent of Italian immigrants in Boston lived in the
North End. Those who could afford more spacious
dwellings moved across the harbor to East Boston, which
by the mid-twentieth century became the city's largest
Italian-American community. Others moved to nearby
suburbs such as Somerville, Revere and Saugus,
especially after World War II. But even as immigrants and
their children moved to these areas, many Italian small
businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture in New
England.
Workforce Participation
Most Italian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries worked menial, unskilled jobs upon
their arrival in Boston, as day laborers, dockworkers, or
fruit sellers. Others opened shops and small businesses,
and some skilled workers (like tailors) found
higher-paying jobs. In neighborhoods like the North End
and East Boston, immigrants operated Italian restaurants
that attracted a growing clientele from across the city. For
the earlier "birds of passage," though, assimilating into
the wider American culture was not a priority; for more
permanent Italian settlers, cultural obstacles such as the
language barrier and lower levels of education made
upward mobility difficult. Within a few generations,
however, Italian Americans in Boston became better
educated and were able to move into middle-class and
professional occupations, including some of the highest
echelons of business and politics.
https://globalboston.bc.edu/index.php/home/ethnic-groups/italians/
The text refers to "illiterate day laborers" and "skilled and
unskilled workers," emphasizing class distinctions and
occupational hierarchies. From the perspective of the
noun phrase structure, these expressions combine
adjectives that serve both descriptive and classificatory
functions. How do such structures contribute to the
socio-historical meaning of the text?
Gabarito comentado
Confira o gabarito comentado por um dos nossos professores
Gabarito: C
Fundamento decisivo: O ponto decisivo era identificar que as expressões do texto-base usam adjetivos em sintagmas nominais para classificar trabalhadores por traços de instrução e qualificação, e não para omitir núcleos ou descrever uma estrutura verbal.
Tema central: adjetivos e diferenciação social
Análise das alternativas
A
Errada
Está errada porque não há fundamento para elipse do núcleo nominal. Em “skilled and unskilled workers”, o núcleo “workers” está expresso; em “illiterate day laborers”, “laborers” também está expresso. Além disso, a questão pede a contribuição socio-histórica da estrutura, não economia estilística por omissão.
B
Errada
Está errada porque as expressões não apagam nem embaralham fronteiras de classe. Ao contrário, distinguem grupos por letramento e por qualificação profissional. A oposição “skilled/unskilled” explicita hierarquia ocupacional.
C
Certa
A alternativa C está certa porque os adjetivos em “illiterate day laborers” e “skilled and unskilled workers” funcionam como marcas classificatórias dentro do sintagma nominal, codificando contraste social e ocupacional.
D
Errada
Está errada porque não há gerund phrase nem modificação adverbial nas expressões analisadas. A estrutura é nominal, formada por adjetivos e substantivos; portanto, a leitura morfológico-verbal da alternativa não se aplica.
Pegadinha da questão
A confusão real era trocar contraste classificatório por apagamento de fronteiras sociais e, ao mesmo tempo, deslocar a análise de sintagmas nominais para fenômenos verbais ou adverbiais.
Dica para questões semelhantes
- Em sintagmas nominais com adjetivos, verifique se o adjetivo apenas descreve ou também classifica socialmente o referente.
- Quando houver pares como “skilled/unskilled”, procure oposição hierárquica explícita, não neutralização de diferenças.
- Antes de aceitar análise de elipse ou de estrutura verbal, confirme se o núcleo nominal está expresso e se a construção é realmente nominal.
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