The text indicates that "many Italian small businesses and ...
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Ano: 2025
Banca:
IGEDUC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São José do Seridó - RN
Prova:
IGEDUC - 2025 - Prefeitura de São José do Seridó - RN - Professor de Língua Inglesa |
Q3794571
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às
questão.
Italians
The peak period of Italian immigration to the United
States occurred between 1880 and 1921, when
approximately 4.2 million Italians came to America. The
vast majority of these immigrants, about 80 percent,
hailed from the Mezzogiorno in southern Italy, a region in
the midst of great tumult and hardship. Having only been
officially unified in 1860, political tension between the
government in the north and the rural peasants in the
south increased in the 1870s, when the government
placed an onerous tax on wheat and salt, which were
necessities for southern farmers and fishermen. In the
1880s, disease ravaged both staple and cash crops;
malaria and other epidemics also devastated southern
Italy during this period. Additionally, a series of
earthquakes and the eruptions of Mount Etna and Mount
Vesuvius in the early 1900s destroyed cities and killed
tens of thousands of people.
Conditions in the United States during this era appeared
to be very favorable to many in southern Italy. Wages for
both skilled and unskilled laborers in the industrialized US
could be three times greater than wages for the same
work in the depressed Italian economy. Even illiterate day
laborers could find better paying jobs with better working
conditions in cities like Boston. In the late nineteenth
century, Italian immigrants were often referred to as
"birds of passage"−young men who migrated alone,
earning money to buy land and support their families at
home and eventually returning to Italy. After World War I,
however, immigration patterns changed and more Italian
immigrants began to bring their families over and put
down permanent roots in the region.
Patterns of Settlement
Boston's North End neighborhood became the locus of
Italian settlement in eastern New England. Once the
home of English colonists and revolutionaries like Paul
Revere, Irish and Jewish immigrants settled in the North
End before the wave of Italian immigration in the late
1800s. By the early 20th century, the North End was
densely filled with tenements, in which tens of thousands
of Italians lived. Much of the appeal of the North End for
immigrant groups was its proximity to work opportunities
on the waterfront and in downtown Boston. By 1920, over
50 percent of Italian immigrants in Boston lived in the
North End. Those who could afford more spacious
dwellings moved across the harbor to East Boston, which
by the mid-twentieth century became the city's largest
Italian-American community. Others moved to nearby
suburbs such as Somerville, Revere and Saugus,
especially after World War II. But even as immigrants and
their children moved to these areas, many Italian small
businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture in New
England.
Workforce Participation
Most Italian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries worked menial, unskilled jobs upon
their arrival in Boston, as day laborers, dockworkers, or
fruit sellers. Others opened shops and small businesses,
and some skilled workers (like tailors) found
higher-paying jobs. In neighborhoods like the North End
and East Boston, immigrants operated Italian restaurants
that attracted a growing clientele from across the city. For
the earlier "birds of passage," though, assimilating into
the wider American culture was not a priority; for more
permanent Italian settlers, cultural obstacles such as the
language barrier and lower levels of education made
upward mobility difficult. Within a few generations,
however, Italian Americans in Boston became better
educated and were able to move into middle-class and
professional occupations, including some of the highest
echelons of business and politics.
https://globalboston.bc.edu/index.php/home/ethnic-groups/italians/
The text indicates that "many Italian small businesses
and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still
an important center of Italian culture." From an inferential
reading perspective, what conclusion can be drawn about
immigrant cultural persistence in urban spaces?
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Gabarito: D
Fundamento decisivo: Nesta questão, o critério decisivo é a inferência textual fiel ao texto-base: como o excerto afirma que "many Italian small businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture in New England.", a consequência lógica é a continuidade cultural em espaço urbano específico, o que conduz à alternativa D.
Tema central: inferência textual
Análise das alternativas
A
Errada
Está errada porque contradiz diretamente o texto. O excerto afirma continuidade cultural do North End no presente, o que exclui a conclusão de que a assimilação apagou todos os traços de identidade étnica em uma geração.
B
Errada
Está errada porque o texto descreve manutenção e consolidação de um centro cultural italiano, não deslocamento cultural. Mesmo com movimentos residenciais para outras áreas, o North End permaneceu como referência da cultura italiana.
C
Errada
Está errada porque introduz uma causa não fornecida pelo texto: isolamento econômico em relação a outras comunidades. A base não autoriza essa inferência causal; apenas informa a permanência de negócios, restaurantes e da centralidade cultural do bairro.
D
Certa
A alternativa D está correta porque traduz exatamente a inferência autorizada pelo trecho decisivo: houve permanência material de instituições comunitárias italianas no North End e permanência simbólico-cultural do bairro como referência da cultura italiana. Isso sustenta a ideia de que espaços étnicos urbanos funcionam como pontos de preservação identitária ao longo das gerações.
Pegadinha da questão
A banca explorou a confusão entre assimilação social ou deslocamento residencial e desaparecimento da identidade cultural. O texto não autoriza essa equivalência; ao contrário, destaca permanência cultural por meio do espaço urbano.
Dica para questões semelhantes
- Em perguntas de inferência, extraia a conclusão apenas de sinais textuais expressos, como 'remained' e 'still'.
- Se o texto mostra permanência de instituições e de centralidade cultural, a inferência válida é continuidade identitária, não apagamento.
- Elimine alternativas que acrescentem causa não indicada pelo texto, especialmente explicações sociológicas não expressas.
- Diferencie mudança de moradia do grupo de perda do valor simbólico-cultural do espaço original.
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