In the sentence "Having only been officially unified in 18...
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Ano: 2025
Banca:
IGEDUC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São José do Seridó - RN
Prova:
IGEDUC - 2025 - Prefeitura de São José do Seridó - RN - Professor de Língua Inglesa |
Q3794573
Inglês
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questão.
Italians
The peak period of Italian immigration to the United
States occurred between 1880 and 1921, when
approximately 4.2 million Italians came to America. The
vast majority of these immigrants, about 80 percent,
hailed from the Mezzogiorno in southern Italy, a region in
the midst of great tumult and hardship. Having only been
officially unified in 1860, political tension between the
government in the north and the rural peasants in the
south increased in the 1870s, when the government
placed an onerous tax on wheat and salt, which were
necessities for southern farmers and fishermen. In the
1880s, disease ravaged both staple and cash crops;
malaria and other epidemics also devastated southern
Italy during this period. Additionally, a series of
earthquakes and the eruptions of Mount Etna and Mount
Vesuvius in the early 1900s destroyed cities and killed
tens of thousands of people.
Conditions in the United States during this era appeared
to be very favorable to many in southern Italy. Wages for
both skilled and unskilled laborers in the industrialized US
could be three times greater than wages for the same
work in the depressed Italian economy. Even illiterate day
laborers could find better paying jobs with better working
conditions in cities like Boston. In the late nineteenth
century, Italian immigrants were often referred to as
"birds of passage"−young men who migrated alone,
earning money to buy land and support their families at
home and eventually returning to Italy. After World War I,
however, immigration patterns changed and more Italian
immigrants began to bring their families over and put
down permanent roots in the region.
Patterns of Settlement
Boston's North End neighborhood became the locus of
Italian settlement in eastern New England. Once the
home of English colonists and revolutionaries like Paul
Revere, Irish and Jewish immigrants settled in the North
End before the wave of Italian immigration in the late
1800s. By the early 20th century, the North End was
densely filled with tenements, in which tens of thousands
of Italians lived. Much of the appeal of the North End for
immigrant groups was its proximity to work opportunities
on the waterfront and in downtown Boston. By 1920, over
50 percent of Italian immigrants in Boston lived in the
North End. Those who could afford more spacious
dwellings moved across the harbor to East Boston, which
by the mid-twentieth century became the city's largest
Italian-American community. Others moved to nearby
suburbs such as Somerville, Revere and Saugus,
especially after World War II. But even as immigrants and
their children moved to these areas, many Italian small
businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture in New
England.
Workforce Participation
Most Italian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries worked menial, unskilled jobs upon
their arrival in Boston, as day laborers, dockworkers, or
fruit sellers. Others opened shops and small businesses,
and some skilled workers (like tailors) found
higher-paying jobs. In neighborhoods like the North End
and East Boston, immigrants operated Italian restaurants
that attracted a growing clientele from across the city. For
the earlier "birds of passage," though, assimilating into
the wider American culture was not a priority; for more
permanent Italian settlers, cultural obstacles such as the
language barrier and lower levels of education made
upward mobility difficult. Within a few generations,
however, Italian Americans in Boston became better
educated and were able to move into middle-class and
professional occupations, including some of the highest
echelons of business and politics.
https://globalboston.bc.edu/index.php/home/ethnic-groups/italians/
In the sentence "Having only been officially unified in
1860, political tension between the government in the
north and the rural peasants in the south increased in the
1870s," the use of a non-finite participial clause creates a
temporal and causal relationship with the main clause.
From a syntactic perspective, this structure exemplifies a
form of subordination typical of academic and historical
discourse. Which sentence below reproduces an
equivalent syntactic pattern?
Gabarito comentado
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Gabarito: B
Fundamento decisivo: A decisão estava na forma da cláusula inicial: o enunciado usa uma construção participial não finita, e só B mantém esse mesmo desenho em vez de trocá-lo por oração finita ou coordenação.
Tema central: oração participial reduzida
Análise das alternativas
A
Errada
Está errada porque transforma a relação em subordinação finita introduzida por conjunção explícita (“Because”). A questão pedia equivalência sintática com cláusula participial não finita inicial, e não apenas sentido causal.
B
Certa
A alternativa B reproduz a estrutura cobrada: cláusula inicial com "Having + particípio", não finita, em posição subordinada, seguida de oração principal finita. É a única que mantém o padrão sintático do trecho-base.
C
Errada
Está errada porque traz duas orações finitas ligadas por coordenação/adversação com “but”. No período-base, a relação é de subordinação por oração reduzida participial, não de coordenação entre duas orações finitas.
D
Errada
Está errada porque não apresenta a construção participial não finita inicial. A relação entre as ideias aparece por justaposição/coordenação com o conector conclusivo “therefore”, o que não reproduz o padrão sintático pedido.
Pegadinha da questão
A confusão real era tomar equivalência de sentido causal como equivalência sintática. A alternativa A parece próxima no significado, mas muda a forma para uma oração finita com conjunção, enquanto o núcleo cobrado era a oração participial reduzida inicial.
Dica para questões semelhantes
- Quando a questão pedir equivalência sintática, compare a forma da estrutura antes do sentido geral.
- Identifique se a cláusula inicial é não finita; em construções com “Having + particípio”, há oração participial perfeita reduzida.
- Separe subordinação reduzida de coordenação: conectores como “but” e “therefore” afastam o padrão do enunciado.
- Não marque uma alternativa só porque mantém causa ou anterioridade; verifique se a relação foi expressa pelo mesmo tipo de oração.
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