The word industrialized in "industrialized US" derives from...
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Ano: 2025
Banca:
IGEDUC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São José do Seridó - RN
Prova:
IGEDUC - 2025 - Prefeitura de São José do Seridó - RN - Professor de Língua Inglesa |
Q3794574
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às
questão.
Italians
The peak period of Italian immigration to the United
States occurred between 1880 and 1921, when
approximately 4.2 million Italians came to America. The
vast majority of these immigrants, about 80 percent,
hailed from the Mezzogiorno in southern Italy, a region in
the midst of great tumult and hardship. Having only been
officially unified in 1860, political tension between the
government in the north and the rural peasants in the
south increased in the 1870s, when the government
placed an onerous tax on wheat and salt, which were
necessities for southern farmers and fishermen. In the
1880s, disease ravaged both staple and cash crops;
malaria and other epidemics also devastated southern
Italy during this period. Additionally, a series of
earthquakes and the eruptions of Mount Etna and Mount
Vesuvius in the early 1900s destroyed cities and killed
tens of thousands of people.
Conditions in the United States during this era appeared
to be very favorable to many in southern Italy. Wages for
both skilled and unskilled laborers in the industrialized US
could be three times greater than wages for the same
work in the depressed Italian economy. Even illiterate day
laborers could find better paying jobs with better working
conditions in cities like Boston. In the late nineteenth
century, Italian immigrants were often referred to as
"birds of passage"−young men who migrated alone,
earning money to buy land and support their families at
home and eventually returning to Italy. After World War I,
however, immigration patterns changed and more Italian
immigrants began to bring their families over and put
down permanent roots in the region.
Patterns of Settlement
Boston's North End neighborhood became the locus of
Italian settlement in eastern New England. Once the
home of English colonists and revolutionaries like Paul
Revere, Irish and Jewish immigrants settled in the North
End before the wave of Italian immigration in the late
1800s. By the early 20th century, the North End was
densely filled with tenements, in which tens of thousands
of Italians lived. Much of the appeal of the North End for
immigrant groups was its proximity to work opportunities
on the waterfront and in downtown Boston. By 1920, over
50 percent of Italian immigrants in Boston lived in the
North End. Those who could afford more spacious
dwellings moved across the harbor to East Boston, which
by the mid-twentieth century became the city's largest
Italian-American community. Others moved to nearby
suburbs such as Somerville, Revere and Saugus,
especially after World War II. But even as immigrants and
their children moved to these areas, many Italian small
businesses and restaurants remained in the North End, and it is still an important center of Italian culture in New
England.
Workforce Participation
Most Italian immigrants in the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries worked menial, unskilled jobs upon
their arrival in Boston, as day laborers, dockworkers, or
fruit sellers. Others opened shops and small businesses,
and some skilled workers (like tailors) found
higher-paying jobs. In neighborhoods like the North End
and East Boston, immigrants operated Italian restaurants
that attracted a growing clientele from across the city. For
the earlier "birds of passage," though, assimilating into
the wider American culture was not a priority; for more
permanent Italian settlers, cultural obstacles such as the
language barrier and lower levels of education made
upward mobility difficult. Within a few generations,
however, Italian Americans in Boston became better
educated and were able to move into middle-class and
professional occupations, including some of the highest
echelons of business and politics.
https://globalboston.bc.edu/index.php/home/ethnic-groups/italians/
The word industrialized in "industrialized US" derives
from the noun industry and expresses a process of
transformation. Which of the following options correctly
mirrors this morphological pattern?
Gabarito comentado
Confira o gabarito comentado por um dos nossos professores
Gabarito: C
Fundamento decisivo: A base de decisão aponta que a palavra de referência, “industrialized”, expressa transformação por derivação sufixal com “-ize/-ized”; assim, a alternativa correta é a que reproduz esse padrão morfológico.
Tema central: Formação por sufixação
Análise das alternativas
A
Errada
“Economy → economic” é incorreta porque forma um adjetivo a partir de um substantivo, mas sem indicar processo de transformação. Falta o requisito central da questão: derivação com sentido de tornar-se ou ser tornado algo, como ocorre em “industrialized”.
B
Errada
“Modern → modernity” é incorreta porque produz substantivo abstrato de qualidade ou estado. A base afasta expressamente esse tipo de formação, pois ele não espelha o processo morfológico de transformação exigido pelo enunciado.
C
Certa
A alternativa C está correta porque reproduz o mesmo padrão essencial de “industrialized”: há derivação com “-ized” e o derivado expressa transformação ou resultado de tornar-se/tornar algo global. Esse é exatamente o critério decisivo indicado na base: não basta haver palavra derivada; é necessário repetir a lógica morfológica e o valor semântico principal de transformação.
D
Errada
“Nation → national” é incorreta porque gera adjetivo relacional, e não forma derivada com sentido de transformação. Houve mudança vocabular, mas não o elemento decisivo cobrado: o padrão equivalente ao de “industrialized”.
Pegadinha da questão
A banca explorou a confusão entre mera derivação por sufixo e derivação que realmente expressa transformação. Quem olhasse apenas para mudança de classe gramatical ou para a existência de um sufixo poderia errar.
Dica para questões semelhantes
- Verifique se a questão pede qualquer palavra derivada ou o espelhamento do mesmo processo morfológico.
- Não basta identificar sufixo; confirme o valor semântico principal do derivado, especialmente se ele indica transformação.
- Elimine alternativas que apenas formam adjetivo ou substantivo abstrato sem reproduzir a ideia de tornar-se ou ser tornado algo.
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