Questões de Concurso Sobre inglês

Foram encontradas 25.119 questões

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Q3912123
Inglês Pronomes | Pronouns ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: Avança SP Órgão: Prefeitura de Taubaté - SP Prova: Avança SP - 2026 - Prefeitura de Taubaté - SP - Professor III - Língua Inglesa |
Q3912123 Inglês
Complete the dialogue with the correct pronoun.
"What is the title of that book?"
"I'm afraid I can't remember ___ ." 
Alternativas
Q3912122
Inglês Preposições | Prepositions ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: Avança SP Órgão: Prefeitura de Taubaté - SP Prova: Avança SP - 2026 - Prefeitura de Taubaté - SP - Professor III - Língua Inglesa |
Q3912122 Inglês
Identify the sentence where the preposition of place is used incorrectly.
Alternativas
Q3911131
Inglês Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FUNDESTE Órgão: Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC Prova: FUNDESTE - 2026 - Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC - Professor II - Inglês |
Q3911131 Inglês
Language teaching aims at the integrated development of the four skills to ensure that students can communicate effectively in various situations. Concerning the integration of skills in the English classroom, analyze the following statements:

I.Listening activities should include authentic materials to expose students to different accents and natural speech patterns found in global communications.
II.Writing is a productive skill that involves a process of drafting, revising, and editing to convey a message clearly and appropriately to a specific audience.
III.In contexts where large classes and limited instructional time are present, speaking activities may be postponed and substituted predominantly by controlled written drills, under the assumption that oral proficiency will develop spontaneously from exposure to grammar and reading tasks alone.

Which statements are correct?
Alternativas
Q3911129
Inglês Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FUNDESTE Órgão: Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC Prova: FUNDESTE - 2026 - Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC - Professor II - Inglês |
Q3911129 Inglês
O ensino de inglês na escola pública brasileira visa a inserção do cidadão em um mundo globalizado e o acesso à produção científica e tecnológica internacional. Acerca do assunto, registre V, para as afirmativas verdadeiras, e F, para as falsas:

(__)A Língua Inglesa proporciona o acesso a bens culturais e informações que circulam em redes globais, ampliando as perspectivas de atuação social do estudante.
(__)O ensino de inglês deve ser pautado pela formação crítica, permitindo que o aluno compreenda o papel hegemônico da língua sem perder sua identidade nacional. 
(__)O domínio da língua inglesa é desnecessário para o exercício da cidadania plena no Brasil, uma vez que todas as informações globais são traduzidas para o dialeto municipal local.
(__)A Base Nacional Comum Curricular enfatiza o caráter de língua franca do inglês, visando seu uso para a comunicação entre pessoas de diferentes países e culturas.

Após análise, assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência correta dos itens acima, de cima para baixo: 
Alternativas
Q3911127
Inglês Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FUNDESTE Órgão: Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC Prova: FUNDESTE - 2026 - Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC - Professor II - Inglês |
Q3911127 Inglês
O ensino de inglês no Brasil enfrenta desafios estruturais e metodológicos que impactam a qualidade da aprendizagem na rede pública municipal. Acerca das perspectivas atuais do ensino de inglês, registre V, para as afirmativas verdadeiras, e F, para as falsas:

(__)O uso de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação pode ampliar o contato dos alunos com o input autêntico da língua por meio de vídeos, podcasts e ferramentas de tradução.
(__)Um desafio central é a formação continuada de professores para que possam lidar com turmas heterogêneas e implementar abordagens baseadas no letramento crítico.
(__)A perspectiva de ensino instrumental foca na formação de tradutores profissionais de bula de remédio para exportação de gado bovino rurais de campo.
(__)O ensino de inglês na escola deve promover a sensibilização para a diversidade cultural, combatendo o preconceito linguístico e as visões eurocêntricas do idioma.

Após análise, assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência correta dos itens acima, de cima para baixo:
Alternativas
Q3911124
Inglês Pronomes | Pronouns , Análise sintática | Syntax Parsing ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FUNDESTE Órgão: Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC Prova: FUNDESTE - 2026 - Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC - Professor II - Inglês |
Q3911124 Inglês
Information questions, also known as Wh-questions, are essential tools for gathering data and maintaining social interaction in English. In what concerns the formation and usage of these interrogative structures, choose the correct alternative.
Alternativas
Q3911122
Inglês Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FUNDESTE Órgão: Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC Prova: FUNDESTE - 2026 - Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC - Professor II - Inglês |
Q3911122 Inglês
A hegemonia do inglês na contemporaneidade transformou-o em uma ferramenta de comunicação entre falantes não nativos em diversos domínios sociais. Sobre o conceito de Inglês como Língua Franca (ILF), analise as afirmativas a seguir:

I.O Inglês como Língua Franca foca na cooperação entre os interlocutores para atingir a compreensão, aceitando variações que não prejudiquem a inteligibilidade da mensagem.
II.O aprendizado de Inglês como Língua Franca exige que o aluno renuncie à sua língua materna e cultura nacional para evitar a interferência de sons regionais locais.
III.Na perspectiva de língua franca, a competência intercultural é tão importante quanto a gramatical, permitindo navegar entre diferentes contextos de uso global.

Está correto o que se afirma em: 
Alternativas
Q3911121
Inglês Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FUNDESTE Órgão: Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC Prova: FUNDESTE - 2026 - Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC - Professor II - Inglês |
Q3911121 Inglês
As metodologias evoluíram do foco na tradução e gramática para abordagens centradas na tarefa e na interação social. Sobre o ensino de línguas baseado em tarefas (Task-Based Language Teaching - TBLT), analise as afirmativas a seguir:

I.No ensino baseado em tarefas, o foco principal está na realização de uma atividade que simula um uso real da língua para atingir um objetivo comunicativo.
II.O papel do professor no ensino baseado em tarefas é o de facilitador que monitora a produção dos alunos e fornece suporte linguístico sob demanda (feedback).
III.A metodologia comunicativa veda o uso de imagens ou sons na sala de aula, exigindo que o professor ensine verbos apenas por meio da memorização de listas que devem ser repetidas mecanicamente.

Está correto o que se afirma em:
Alternativas
Q3911118
Inglês Voz Ativa e Passiva | Passive and Active Voice , Verbos | Verbs , Formação de palavras (prefixos e sufixos) | Word formation (prefix and suffix) ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FUNDESTE Órgão: Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC Prova: FUNDESTE - 2026 - Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC - Professor II - Inglês |
Q3911118 Inglês
The mastery of fundamental grammatical structures and vocabulary is the basis for communicative competence in English. Concerning the use of verb tenses and word formation in English, register T for true statements and F for false statements:

(__)The Present Perfect tense is used to describe actions that happened at a specific time in the past, always requiring the use of precise dates like 'last Friday at 2 PM'.
(__)Prefixes and suffixes are used in English to change the meaning or the word class of a base word, such as adding '-ness' to an adjective to form a noun.
(__)The use of modal verbs like 'can', 'must' and 'should' allows the speaker to express different degrees of possibility, obligation and advice in a conversation.
(__)Passive voice is formed by using the verb 'to be' and the past participle of the main verb, focusing more on the action itself than on the person who performed it.

After the analysis, choose the alternative that presents the correct sequence:
Alternativas
Q3911113
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FUNDESTE Órgão: Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC Prova: FUNDESTE - 2026 - Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC - Professor II - Inglês |
Q3911113 Inglês
Reading comprehension involves several cognitive strategies that allow the reader to extract meaning from different genres of texts. Regarding reading strategies such as skimming and scanning in an educational context, choose the correct alternative.
Alternativas
Q3911112
Inglês Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FUNDESTE Órgão: Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC Prova: FUNDESTE - 2026 - Prefeitura de Ipuaçu - SC - Professor II - Inglês |
Q3911112 Inglês
O ensino de inglês sob a perspectiva de Língua Franca (ELF) pressupõe o deslocamento do foco do falante nativo para a inteligibilidade e a comunicação global. Acerca das abordagens didáticas nesta prática, registre V, para as afirmativas verdadeiras, e F, para as falsas:

(__)A prática pedagógica como língua franca valoriza a diversidade de sotaques e variações linguísticas, priorizando o sucesso da interação comunicativa em contextos multiculturais.
(__)No ensino de inglês como língua franca, o erro é visto como uma falha cognitiva grave que deve ser punida com a exclusão do aluno das atividades orais da turma.
(__)As estratégias de acomodação linguística e negociação de significados são componentes centrais para que falantes de diferentes origens alcancem a compreensão mútua.
(__)A abordagem como língua franca exige que o aluno memorize sotaque britânico padrão da região de Londres, desconsiderando variações americanas ou indianas.

Após análise, assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência correta dos itens acima, de cima para baixo:
Alternativas
Q3906466
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: TCU Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2026 - TCU - Auditor Federal de Controle Externo - Área de Controle Externo/ Orientação: Auditoria de Tecnologia da Informação |
Q3906466 Inglês
        Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a game-changer in the public sector that is significantly improving financial accountability and governance. The implementation of AI technologies can lead to improved decision making, more efficient operations, and increased accountability and transparency in financial operations. For example, the integrity of financial systems has been notably enhanced through the application of artificial intelligence in areas such as fraud detection, regulatory compliance, and risk assessment. However, the implementation of artificial intelligence systems also introduces some challenges, including the need for strong frameworks to ensure accountability and trust in these systems, as well as ethical considerations and problems related to data governance. Furthermore, integrating artificial intelligence within the public sector needs a comprehensive strategy that involves ethical considerations and scientific progress.

        It is important to address potential issues that are related to algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, and accountability in order to build public trust in government operations that are driven by AI. Therefore, it is important to develop ethical guidelines and governance frameworks that guide the appropriate use of artificial intelligence in financial decision making, ensuring that these technologies serve the public good. The relationship between AI, financial responsibility, and governance is a key area for the formulation of policies, as governments seek to use the potential of AI while maintaining democratic values and public trust.

Ceray Aldemir and Tuğba Uçma Uysal. Artificial Intelligence for Financial Accountability and
Governance in the Public Sector: Strategic Opportunities and Challenges.
Internet: < www.mdpi.com> (adapted). 

Concerning the previous text, judge the following item.


It is correct to infer from the text that democratic values and public trust can be jeopardized by the use of AI within the public sector if specific measures are not taken.

Alternativas
Q3906465
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: TCU Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2026 - TCU - Auditor Federal de Controle Externo - Área de Controle Externo/ Orientação: Auditoria de Tecnologia da Informação |
Q3906465 Inglês
        Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a game-changer in the public sector that is significantly improving financial accountability and governance. The implementation of AI technologies can lead to improved decision making, more efficient operations, and increased accountability and transparency in financial operations. For example, the integrity of financial systems has been notably enhanced through the application of artificial intelligence in areas such as fraud detection, regulatory compliance, and risk assessment. However, the implementation of artificial intelligence systems also introduces some challenges, including the need for strong frameworks to ensure accountability and trust in these systems, as well as ethical considerations and problems related to data governance. Furthermore, integrating artificial intelligence within the public sector needs a comprehensive strategy that involves ethical considerations and scientific progress.

        It is important to address potential issues that are related to algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, and accountability in order to build public trust in government operations that are driven by AI. Therefore, it is important to develop ethical guidelines and governance frameworks that guide the appropriate use of artificial intelligence in financial decision making, ensuring that these technologies serve the public good. The relationship between AI, financial responsibility, and governance is a key area for the formulation of policies, as governments seek to use the potential of AI while maintaining democratic values and public trust.

Ceray Aldemir and Tuğba Uçma Uysal. Artificial Intelligence for Financial Accountability and
Governance in the Public Sector: Strategic Opportunities and Challenges.
Internet: < www.mdpi.com> (adapted). 

Concerning the previous text, judge the following item.


It would harm the coherence of the text if the first and the second sentences of the second paragraph were exchanged in position.

Alternativas
Q3906464
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: TCU Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2026 - TCU - Auditor Federal de Controle Externo - Área de Controle Externo/ Orientação: Auditoria de Tecnologia da Informação |
Q3906464 Inglês
        Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a game-changer in the public sector that is significantly improving financial accountability and governance. The implementation of AI technologies can lead to improved decision making, more efficient operations, and increased accountability and transparency in financial operations. For example, the integrity of financial systems has been notably enhanced through the application of artificial intelligence in areas such as fraud detection, regulatory compliance, and risk assessment. However, the implementation of artificial intelligence systems also introduces some challenges, including the need for strong frameworks to ensure accountability and trust in these systems, as well as ethical considerations and problems related to data governance. Furthermore, integrating artificial intelligence within the public sector needs a comprehensive strategy that involves ethical considerations and scientific progress.

        It is important to address potential issues that are related to algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, and accountability in order to build public trust in government operations that are driven by AI. Therefore, it is important to develop ethical guidelines and governance frameworks that guide the appropriate use of artificial intelligence in financial decision making, ensuring that these technologies serve the public good. The relationship between AI, financial responsibility, and governance is a key area for the formulation of policies, as governments seek to use the potential of AI while maintaining democratic values and public trust.

Ceray Aldemir and Tuğba Uçma Uysal. Artificial Intelligence for Financial Accountability and
Governance in the Public Sector: Strategic Opportunities and Challenges.
Internet: < www.mdpi.com> (adapted). 

Concerning the previous text, judge the following item.


In their text, the authors condemn the use of AI within the public sector mainly because of their concerns about the ethical guidelines that are already in force to regulate this kind of technology. 

Alternativas
Q3906463
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: TCU Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2026 - TCU - Auditor Federal de Controle Externo - Área de Controle Externo/ Orientação: Auditoria de Tecnologia da Informação |
Q3906463 Inglês
        Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a game-changer in the public sector that is significantly improving financial accountability and governance. The implementation of AI technologies can lead to improved decision making, more efficient operations, and increased accountability and transparency in financial operations. For example, the integrity of financial systems has been notably enhanced through the application of artificial intelligence in areas such as fraud detection, regulatory compliance, and risk assessment. However, the implementation of artificial intelligence systems also introduces some challenges, including the need for strong frameworks to ensure accountability and trust in these systems, as well as ethical considerations and problems related to data governance. Furthermore, integrating artificial intelligence within the public sector needs a comprehensive strategy that involves ethical considerations and scientific progress.

        It is important to address potential issues that are related to algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, and accountability in order to build public trust in government operations that are driven by AI. Therefore, it is important to develop ethical guidelines and governance frameworks that guide the appropriate use of artificial intelligence in financial decision making, ensuring that these technologies serve the public good. The relationship between AI, financial responsibility, and governance is a key area for the formulation of policies, as governments seek to use the potential of AI while maintaining democratic values and public trust.

Ceray Aldemir and Tuğba Uçma Uysal. Artificial Intelligence for Financial Accountability and
Governance in the Public Sector: Strategic Opportunities and Challenges.
Internet: < www.mdpi.com> (adapted). 

Concerning the previous text, judge the following item.


In the first paragraph of the text, the phrase “these systems” (in the fourth sentence) is referring back to both “financial systems” (in the third sentence) and “artificial intelligence systems” (in the fourth sentence).

Alternativas
Q3906462
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: TCU Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2026 - TCU - Auditor Federal de Controle Externo - Área de Controle Externo/ Orientação: Auditoria de Tecnologia da Informação |
Q3906462 Inglês
        Electoral accountability is a distinctively democratic form of accountability. Since officials typically seek reelection or election to a higher office, this potential sanction is regarded as a powerful inducement for them to explain their actions to electorates and serve their electorates‟ interests. In this conventional view, much of the activity of elected officials takes place “in the shadow of elections,” with the awareness that potential opponents may publicize their actions, if these seem likely to be unpopular with their electorates.

        On the other hand, some recent work suggests that even in democracies, there is much less retrospective electoral accountability than the conventional view suggests. In a sense, this failure should not be surprising in light of democratic theory. Alexis de Tocqueville and John Stuart Mill emphasized in the mid-19th century the importance, for effective control of government, of alert and involved citizens. Alexis de Tocqueville observed that “the inhabitant of New England is attached to his township not so much because he was born there as because he sees in that township a free and strong corporation that he is a part of and that is worth his trouble to seek to direct.” Democracy, in Tocqueville‟s view, also relies on the existence of multiple voluntary associations, linked to political associations in multiple ways. In the words of John Stuart Mill, “the rights and interests of every or any person are only secure from being disregarded when the person is himself able, and habitually disposed, to stand up for them.”

Robert O. Keohane. The Concept of Accountability in World Politics and the Use of Force.
Internet:<Repository.law.umich.edu> (adapted).

Considering the preceding text, judge the following item. 


The text mentions authors to whom the concept of accountability appeared in the 1800s due to the necessity of effective control of government.

Alternativas
Q3906461
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: TCU Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2026 - TCU - Auditor Federal de Controle Externo - Área de Controle Externo/ Orientação: Auditoria de Tecnologia da Informação |
Q3906461 Inglês
        Electoral accountability is a distinctively democratic form of accountability. Since officials typically seek reelection or election to a higher office, this potential sanction is regarded as a powerful inducement for them to explain their actions to electorates and serve their electorates‟ interests. In this conventional view, much of the activity of elected officials takes place “in the shadow of elections,” with the awareness that potential opponents may publicize their actions, if these seem likely to be unpopular with their electorates.

        On the other hand, some recent work suggests that even in democracies, there is much less retrospective electoral accountability than the conventional view suggests. In a sense, this failure should not be surprising in light of democratic theory. Alexis de Tocqueville and John Stuart Mill emphasized in the mid-19th century the importance, for effective control of government, of alert and involved citizens. Alexis de Tocqueville observed that “the inhabitant of New England is attached to his township not so much because he was born there as because he sees in that township a free and strong corporation that he is a part of and that is worth his trouble to seek to direct.” Democracy, in Tocqueville‟s view, also relies on the existence of multiple voluntary associations, linked to political associations in multiple ways. In the words of John Stuart Mill, “the rights and interests of every or any person are only secure from being disregarded when the person is himself able, and habitually disposed, to stand up for them.”

Robert O. Keohane. The Concept of Accountability in World Politics and the Use of Force.
Internet:<Repository.law.umich.edu> (adapted).

Considering the preceding text, judge the following item. 


In the second sentence of the first paragraph, the word “Since” establishes a point in time that indicates when officials begin to “seek reelection or election to a higher office”.

Alternativas
Q3906460
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: TCU Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2026 - TCU - Auditor Federal de Controle Externo - Área de Controle Externo/ Orientação: Auditoria de Tecnologia da Informação |
Q3906460 Inglês
        Electoral accountability is a distinctively democratic form of accountability. Since officials typically seek reelection or election to a higher office, this potential sanction is regarded as a powerful inducement for them to explain their actions to electorates and serve their electorates‟ interests. In this conventional view, much of the activity of elected officials takes place “in the shadow of elections,” with the awareness that potential opponents may publicize their actions, if these seem likely to be unpopular with their electorates.

        On the other hand, some recent work suggests that even in democracies, there is much less retrospective electoral accountability than the conventional view suggests. In a sense, this failure should not be surprising in light of democratic theory. Alexis de Tocqueville and John Stuart Mill emphasized in the mid-19th century the importance, for effective control of government, of alert and involved citizens. Alexis de Tocqueville observed that “the inhabitant of New England is attached to his township not so much because he was born there as because he sees in that township a free and strong corporation that he is a part of and that is worth his trouble to seek to direct.” Democracy, in Tocqueville‟s view, also relies on the existence of multiple voluntary associations, linked to political associations in multiple ways. In the words of John Stuart Mill, “the rights and interests of every or any person are only secure from being disregarded when the person is himself able, and habitually disposed, to stand up for them.”

Robert O. Keohane. The Concept of Accountability in World Politics and the Use of Force.
Internet:<Repository.law.umich.edu> (adapted).

Considering the preceding text, judge the following item. 


It is correct to infer from the ideas conveyed in the second paragraph of the text that the degree of effectiveness of electoral accountability varies according to the engagement of citizens in politics.

Alternativas
Q3906459
Inglês Pronomes | Pronouns , Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: TCU Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2026 - TCU - Auditor Federal de Controle Externo - Área de Controle Externo/ Orientação: Auditoria de Tecnologia da Informação |
Q3906459 Inglês
        Electoral accountability is a distinctively democratic form of accountability. Since officials typically seek reelection or election to a higher office, this potential sanction is regarded as a powerful inducement for them to explain their actions to electorates and serve their electorates‟ interests. In this conventional view, much of the activity of elected officials takes place “in the shadow of elections,” with the awareness that potential opponents may publicize their actions, if these seem likely to be unpopular with their electorates.

        On the other hand, some recent work suggests that even in democracies, there is much less retrospective electoral accountability than the conventional view suggests. In a sense, this failure should not be surprising in light of democratic theory. Alexis de Tocqueville and John Stuart Mill emphasized in the mid-19th century the importance, for effective control of government, of alert and involved citizens. Alexis de Tocqueville observed that “the inhabitant of New England is attached to his township not so much because he was born there as because he sees in that township a free and strong corporation that he is a part of and that is worth his trouble to seek to direct.” Democracy, in Tocqueville‟s view, also relies on the existence of multiple voluntary associations, linked to political associations in multiple ways. In the words of John Stuart Mill, “the rights and interests of every or any person are only secure from being disregarded when the person is himself able, and habitually disposed, to stand up for them.”

Robert O. Keohane. The Concept of Accountability in World Politics and the Use of Force.
Internet:<Repository.law.umich.edu> (adapted).

Considering the preceding text, judge the following item. 


In the last sentence of the text, the pronoun „them‟ refers to „the rights and interests of every or any person.‟ 

Alternativas
Q3906458
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: TCU Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2026 - TCU - Auditor Federal de Controle Externo - Área de Controle Externo/ Orientação: Auditoria de Tecnologia da Informação |
Q3906458 Inglês
        Electoral accountability is a distinctively democratic form of accountability. Since officials typically seek reelection or election to a higher office, this potential sanction is regarded as a powerful inducement for them to explain their actions to electorates and serve their electorates‟ interests. In this conventional view, much of the activity of elected officials takes place “in the shadow of elections,” with the awareness that potential opponents may publicize their actions, if these seem likely to be unpopular with their electorates.

        On the other hand, some recent work suggests that even in democracies, there is much less retrospective electoral accountability than the conventional view suggests. In a sense, this failure should not be surprising in light of democratic theory. Alexis de Tocqueville and John Stuart Mill emphasized in the mid-19th century the importance, for effective control of government, of alert and involved citizens. Alexis de Tocqueville observed that “the inhabitant of New England is attached to his township not so much because he was born there as because he sees in that township a free and strong corporation that he is a part of and that is worth his trouble to seek to direct.” Democracy, in Tocqueville‟s view, also relies on the existence of multiple voluntary associations, linked to political associations in multiple ways. In the words of John Stuart Mill, “the rights and interests of every or any person are only secure from being disregarded when the person is himself able, and habitually disposed, to stand up for them.”

Robert O. Keohane. The Concept of Accountability in World Politics and the Use of Force.
Internet:<Repository.law.umich.edu> (adapted).

Considering the preceding text, judge the following item. 


As used in the text, the expression „in the shadow of elections‟ (in the third sentence of the first paragraph) indicates that the activity of elected officials is influenced by their interest in the next election results.

Alternativas
Respostas
841: A
842: D
843: A
844: D
845: D
846: D
847: B
848: A
849: A
850: C
851: C
852: C
853: E
854: E
855: E
856: E
857: E
858: C
859: C
860: C
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