Questões de Concurso Para analista judiciário

Foram encontradas 14.836 questões

Resolva questões gratuitamente!

Junte-se a mais de 4 milhões de concurseiros!

Q1924882 Inglês
Here’s why we’ll never be able to build a brain in a computer

It’s easy to equate brains and computers – they’re both thinking machines, after all. But the comparison doesn’t really stand up to closer inspection, as Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett reveals.

People often describe the brain as a computer, as if neurons are like hardware and the mind is software. But this metaphor is deeply flawed.

A computer is built from static parts, whereas your brain constantly rewires itself as you age and learn. A computer stores information in files that are retrieved exactly, but brains don’t store information in any literal sense. Your memory is a constant construction of electrical pulses and swirling chemicals, and the same remembrance can be reassembled in different ways at different times.

Brains also do something critical that computers today can’t. A computer can be trained with thousands of photographs to recognise a dandelion as a plant with green leaves and yellow petals. You, however, can look at a dandelion and understand that in different situations it belongs to different categories. A dandelion in your vegetable garden is a weed, but in a bouquet from your child it’s a delightful flower. A dandelion in a salad is food, but people also consume dandelions as herbal medicine.

In other words, your brain effortlessly categorises objects by their function, not just their physical form. Some scientists believe that this incredible ability of the brain, called ad hoc category construction, may be fundamental to the way brains work.

Also, unlike a computer, your brain isn’t a bunch of parts in an empty case. Your brain inhabits a body, a complex web of systems that include over 600 muscles in motion, internal organs, a heart that pumps 7,500 litres of blood per day, and dozens of hormones and other chemicals, all of which must be coordinated, continually, to digest food, excrete waste, provide energy and fight illness.[…]

If we want a computer that thinks, feels, sees or acts like us, it must regulate a body – or something like a body – with a complex collection of systems that it must keep in balance to continue operating, and with sensations to keep that regulation in check. Today’s computers don’t work this way, but perhaps some engineers can come up with something that’s enough like a body to provide this necessary ingredient.

For now, ‘brain as computer’ remains just a metaphor. Metaphors can be wonderful for explaining complex topics in simple terms, but they fail when people treat the metaphor as an explanation. Metaphors provide the illusion of knowledge.

(Adapted from https://www.sciencefocus.com/future-technology/canwe-build-brain-computer/ Published: 24th October, 2021, retrieved on February 9th, 2022)
The passage in which the verb phrase indicates a necessity is:
Alternativas
Q1924881 Inglês
Here’s why we’ll never be able to build a brain in a computer

It’s easy to equate brains and computers – they’re both thinking machines, after all. But the comparison doesn’t really stand up to closer inspection, as Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett reveals.

People often describe the brain as a computer, as if neurons are like hardware and the mind is software. But this metaphor is deeply flawed.

A computer is built from static parts, whereas your brain constantly rewires itself as you age and learn. A computer stores information in files that are retrieved exactly, but brains don’t store information in any literal sense. Your memory is a constant construction of electrical pulses and swirling chemicals, and the same remembrance can be reassembled in different ways at different times.

Brains also do something critical that computers today can’t. A computer can be trained with thousands of photographs to recognise a dandelion as a plant with green leaves and yellow petals. You, however, can look at a dandelion and understand that in different situations it belongs to different categories. A dandelion in your vegetable garden is a weed, but in a bouquet from your child it’s a delightful flower. A dandelion in a salad is food, but people also consume dandelions as herbal medicine.

In other words, your brain effortlessly categorises objects by their function, not just their physical form. Some scientists believe that this incredible ability of the brain, called ad hoc category construction, may be fundamental to the way brains work.

Also, unlike a computer, your brain isn’t a bunch of parts in an empty case. Your brain inhabits a body, a complex web of systems that include over 600 muscles in motion, internal organs, a heart that pumps 7,500 litres of blood per day, and dozens of hormones and other chemicals, all of which must be coordinated, continually, to digest food, excrete waste, provide energy and fight illness.[…]

If we want a computer that thinks, feels, sees or acts like us, it must regulate a body – or something like a body – with a complex collection of systems that it must keep in balance to continue operating, and with sensations to keep that regulation in check. Today’s computers don’t work this way, but perhaps some engineers can come up with something that’s enough like a body to provide this necessary ingredient.

For now, ‘brain as computer’ remains just a metaphor. Metaphors can be wonderful for explaining complex topics in simple terms, but they fail when people treat the metaphor as an explanation. Metaphors provide the illusion of knowledge.

(Adapted from https://www.sciencefocus.com/future-technology/canwe-build-brain-computer/ Published: 24th October, 2021, retrieved on February 9th, 2022)
“Whereas” in “A computer is built from static parts, whereas your brain constantly rewires itself as you age and learn” introduces a(n): 
Alternativas
Q1924880 Inglês
Here’s why we’ll never be able to build a brain in a computer

It’s easy to equate brains and computers – they’re both thinking machines, after all. But the comparison doesn’t really stand up to closer inspection, as Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett reveals.

People often describe the brain as a computer, as if neurons are like hardware and the mind is software. But this metaphor is deeply flawed.

A computer is built from static parts, whereas your brain constantly rewires itself as you age and learn. A computer stores information in files that are retrieved exactly, but brains don’t store information in any literal sense. Your memory is a constant construction of electrical pulses and swirling chemicals, and the same remembrance can be reassembled in different ways at different times.

Brains also do something critical that computers today can’t. A computer can be trained with thousands of photographs to recognise a dandelion as a plant with green leaves and yellow petals. You, however, can look at a dandelion and understand that in different situations it belongs to different categories. A dandelion in your vegetable garden is a weed, but in a bouquet from your child it’s a delightful flower. A dandelion in a salad is food, but people also consume dandelions as herbal medicine.

In other words, your brain effortlessly categorises objects by their function, not just their physical form. Some scientists believe that this incredible ability of the brain, called ad hoc category construction, may be fundamental to the way brains work.

Also, unlike a computer, your brain isn’t a bunch of parts in an empty case. Your brain inhabits a body, a complex web of systems that include over 600 muscles in motion, internal organs, a heart that pumps 7,500 litres of blood per day, and dozens of hormones and other chemicals, all of which must be coordinated, continually, to digest food, excrete waste, provide energy and fight illness.[…]

If we want a computer that thinks, feels, sees or acts like us, it must regulate a body – or something like a body – with a complex collection of systems that it must keep in balance to continue operating, and with sensations to keep that regulation in check. Today’s computers don’t work this way, but perhaps some engineers can come up with something that’s enough like a body to provide this necessary ingredient.

For now, ‘brain as computer’ remains just a metaphor. Metaphors can be wonderful for explaining complex topics in simple terms, but they fail when people treat the metaphor as an explanation. Metaphors provide the illusion of knowledge.

(Adapted from https://www.sciencefocus.com/future-technology/canwe-build-brain-computer/ Published: 24th October, 2021, retrieved on February 9th, 2022)
According to the author, explaining the brain as a computer is:
Alternativas
Q1924879 Inglês
Here’s why we’ll never be able to build a brain in a computer

It’s easy to equate brains and computers – they’re both thinking machines, after all. But the comparison doesn’t really stand up to closer inspection, as Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett reveals.

People often describe the brain as a computer, as if neurons are like hardware and the mind is software. But this metaphor is deeply flawed.

A computer is built from static parts, whereas your brain constantly rewires itself as you age and learn. A computer stores information in files that are retrieved exactly, but brains don’t store information in any literal sense. Your memory is a constant construction of electrical pulses and swirling chemicals, and the same remembrance can be reassembled in different ways at different times.

Brains also do something critical that computers today can’t. A computer can be trained with thousands of photographs to recognise a dandelion as a plant with green leaves and yellow petals. You, however, can look at a dandelion and understand that in different situations it belongs to different categories. A dandelion in your vegetable garden is a weed, but in a bouquet from your child it’s a delightful flower. A dandelion in a salad is food, but people also consume dandelions as herbal medicine.

In other words, your brain effortlessly categorises objects by their function, not just their physical form. Some scientists believe that this incredible ability of the brain, called ad hoc category construction, may be fundamental to the way brains work.

Also, unlike a computer, your brain isn’t a bunch of parts in an empty case. Your brain inhabits a body, a complex web of systems that include over 600 muscles in motion, internal organs, a heart that pumps 7,500 litres of blood per day, and dozens of hormones and other chemicals, all of which must be coordinated, continually, to digest food, excrete waste, provide energy and fight illness.[…]

If we want a computer that thinks, feels, sees or acts like us, it must regulate a body – or something like a body – with a complex collection of systems that it must keep in balance to continue operating, and with sensations to keep that regulation in check. Today’s computers don’t work this way, but perhaps some engineers can come up with something that’s enough like a body to provide this necessary ingredient.

For now, ‘brain as computer’ remains just a metaphor. Metaphors can be wonderful for explaining complex topics in simple terms, but they fail when people treat the metaphor as an explanation. Metaphors provide the illusion of knowledge.

(Adapted from https://www.sciencefocus.com/future-technology/canwe-build-brain-computer/ Published: 24th October, 2021, retrieved on February 9th, 2022)
Based on the text, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
( ) Unlike a computer, it is hard for our brain to classify objects according to a specific purpose.
( ) The author rules out the possibility that computers may emulate the human brain someday.
( ) The brain adapts as one both matures and becomes more knowledgeable.

The statements are, respectively: 
Alternativas
Q1924878 Inglês
Here’s why we’ll never be able to build a brain in a computer

It’s easy to equate brains and computers – they’re both thinking machines, after all. But the comparison doesn’t really stand up to closer inspection, as Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett reveals.

People often describe the brain as a computer, as if neurons are like hardware and the mind is software. But this metaphor is deeply flawed.

A computer is built from static parts, whereas your brain constantly rewires itself as you age and learn. A computer stores information in files that are retrieved exactly, but brains don’t store information in any literal sense. Your memory is a constant construction of electrical pulses and swirling chemicals, and the same remembrance can be reassembled in different ways at different times.

Brains also do something critical that computers today can’t. A computer can be trained with thousands of photographs to recognise a dandelion as a plant with green leaves and yellow petals. You, however, can look at a dandelion and understand that in different situations it belongs to different categories. A dandelion in your vegetable garden is a weed, but in a bouquet from your child it’s a delightful flower. A dandelion in a salad is food, but people also consume dandelions as herbal medicine.

In other words, your brain effortlessly categorises objects by their function, not just their physical form. Some scientists believe that this incredible ability of the brain, called ad hoc category construction, may be fundamental to the way brains work.

Also, unlike a computer, your brain isn’t a bunch of parts in an empty case. Your brain inhabits a body, a complex web of systems that include over 600 muscles in motion, internal organs, a heart that pumps 7,500 litres of blood per day, and dozens of hormones and other chemicals, all of which must be coordinated, continually, to digest food, excrete waste, provide energy and fight illness.[…]

If we want a computer that thinks, feels, sees or acts like us, it must regulate a body – or something like a body – with a complex collection of systems that it must keep in balance to continue operating, and with sensations to keep that regulation in check. Today’s computers don’t work this way, but perhaps some engineers can come up with something that’s enough like a body to provide this necessary ingredient.

For now, ‘brain as computer’ remains just a metaphor. Metaphors can be wonderful for explaining complex topics in simple terms, but they fail when people treat the metaphor as an explanation. Metaphors provide the illusion of knowledge.

(Adapted from https://www.sciencefocus.com/future-technology/canwe-build-brain-computer/ Published: 24th October, 2021, retrieved on February 9th, 2022)
The title of the text implies that the author will:
Alternativas
Q1924874 Português
“Não há nada que demonstre tão bem a grandeza e a potência da inteligência humana, nem a superioridade e a nobreza do homem, como o fato de ele poder conhecer, compreender por completo e sentir fortemente a sua pequenez.” Os termos desse pensamento mostram paralelismo perfeito nos seguintes segmentos:
Alternativas
Q1924872 Português

“A arte de interrogar não é tão fácil como se pensa. É mais uma arte de mestres do que discípulos; é preciso já ter aprendido muitas coisas para saber perguntar o que não se sabe.”

A frase abaixo que mostra uma interrogação, ainda que indireta, é:

Alternativas
Q1924870 Português
“Todos aqueles que devem deliberar sobre quaisquer questões devem manter-se imunes ao ódio e à simpatia, à ira e ao sentimentalismo.” Tratando-se de um pensamento dirigido àqueles que julgam, o seu autor recomenda que eles:
Alternativas
Q1924869 Português
“Quando se julga por indução e sem o necessário conhecimento dos fatos, às vezes chega-se a ser injusto até mesmo com os malfeitores.” O raciocínio abaixo que deve ser considerado como indutivo é:
Alternativas
Q1924868 Português
“Justiça é consciência, não uma consciência pessoal, mas a consciência de toda a humanidade. Aqueles que reconhecem claramente a voz de suas próprias consciências normalmente reconhecem também a voz da justiça.” (Alexander Solzhenitsyn) A afirmação que está de acordo com a estruturação e a significação desse pensamento é:
Alternativas
Ano: 2022 Banca: FGV Órgão: MPE-GO Prova: FGV - 2022 - MPE-GO - Analista Jurídico |
Q1910139 Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência - Lei nº 13.146 de 2015
O adolescente Pedro, pessoa com deficiência, acompanhado de seus pais, compareceu à Secretaria de Educação do Município Alfa e solicitou a concessão de certos mecanismos de tecnologia assistiva. Esses mecanismos se mostravam necessários para a superação de algumas barreiras que se apresentavam para o desenvolvimento do pleno aprendizado de Pedro no âmbito da escola pública municipal em que se encontrava matriculado. 
À luz da ordem jurídica vigente, é correto afirmar que Pedro
Alternativas
Ano: 2022 Banca: FGV Órgão: MPE-GO Prova: FGV - 2022 - MPE-GO - Analista Jurídico |
Q1910138 Direito Processual Penal
João agrediu Maria, sua esposa, causando-lhe lesões corporais leves, o que foi objeto de registro junto ao órgão policial competente. Após o encaminhamento do expediente ao Ministério Público, mas em momento anterior ao oferecimento da denúncia, Maria solicitou ao Promotor de Justiça o “arquivamento do caso”.
À luz dessa narrativa, é correto afirmar que a referida solicitação 
Alternativas
Ano: 2022 Banca: FGV Órgão: MPE-GO Prova: FGV - 2022 - MPE-GO - Analista Jurídico |
Q1910137 Direito Tributário

Acerca do Regime Especial Unificado de Arrecadação de Tributos e Contribuições devidos pelas Microempresas e Empresas de Pequeno Porte - Simples Nacional e à luz da Lei Complementar nº 123/2006, julgue as afirmativas abaixo:


I. Estão abrangidos pelo recolhimento no regime do Simples Nacional, dentre outros impostos federais, o Imposto sobre a Renda da Pessoa Jurídica - IRPJ; o Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados - IPI e o Imposto sobre Operações de Crédito, Câmbio e Seguro, ou Relativas a Títulos ou Valores Mobiliários - IOF.


II. A opção pelo Simples Nacional da pessoa jurídica enquadrada na condição de microempresa e empresa de pequeno porte é irretratável para todo o ano-calendário.


III. Não poderão recolher os impostos e contribuições na forma do Simples Nacional a microempresa ou empresa de pequeno porte que tenha sócio domiciliado no exterior.


Está correto apenas o que se afirma em 

Alternativas
Ano: 2022 Banca: FGV Órgão: MPE-GO Prova: FGV - 2022 - MPE-GO - Analista Jurídico |
Q1910136 Direito Tributário
A empresa ABC Roupas Ltda. foi notificada pelo Fisco do Estado Beta para, em até 30 dias do recebimento da notificação, recolher valores não declarados nem pagos de Imposto sobre a Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços (ICMS). No 5º dia após o recebimento da notificação, precisou requerer certidão de quitação de tributos estaduais para participar de licitação. À luz do Código Tributário Nacional, deverá ser a ela emitida uma
Alternativas
Ano: 2022 Banca: FGV Órgão: MPE-GO Prova: FGV - 2022 - MPE-GO - Analista Jurídico |
Q1910135 Direito Tributário
Lei do Estado Alfa publicada em 31/12/2021 majorou as bases de cálculo do Imposto sobre a Propriedade de Veículos Automotores (IPVA) pelo valor de mercado, estabelecendo que as alterações teriam efeitos a partir de 01/01/2022. Também em 31/12/2021, Decreto do Prefeito da Capital do Estado Alfa estabeleceu a atualização, pelo índice inflacionário oficial, do valor monetário da base de cálculo do Imposto sobre a Propriedade Predial e Territorial Urbana (IPTU), determinando que as alterações também teriam efeitos a partir de 01/01/2022. Diante desse cenário
Alternativas
Ano: 2022 Banca: FGV Órgão: MPE-GO Prova: FGV - 2022 - MPE-GO - Analista Jurídico |
Q1910134 Direito Tributário
José, residente e domiciliado em Goiânia, faleceu nesta cidade, sem testamento, deixando ações negociadas em bolsas e um automóvel registrado junto ao DETRAN do Estado de Minas Gerais. Seus herdeiros, todos maiores e capazes, de comum acordo, decidiram realizar seu inventário extrajudicial perante tabelião de Goiânia. Diante desse cenário, os herdeiros de José deverão recolher o Imposto sobre a Transmissão Causa Mortis e Doações 
Alternativas
Ano: 2022 Banca: FGV Órgão: MPE-GO Prova: FGV - 2022 - MPE-GO - Analista Jurídico |
Q1910133 Direito Processual Penal
Tarcísio foi denunciado pela prática do crime de falsificação de documento público, crime punido com pena privativa de liberdade máxima de seis anos de reclusão. A denúncia foi recebida, o acusado citado e oferecida resposta à acusação. Ambas as partes arrolaram testemunhas e houve requerimento de oitiva dos peritos. Não ocorrendo a absolvição sumária, o juiz competente designou audiência de instrução e julgamento. De acordo com os dados apresentados, aponte a alternativa correta acerca do procedimento em questão.
Alternativas
Ano: 2022 Banca: FGV Órgão: MPE-GO Prova: FGV - 2022 - MPE-GO - Analista Jurídico |
Q1910132 Direito Processual Penal
Magno foi acusado pela prática do crime de extorsão mediante sequestro qualificado, delito previsto no Art. 159, § 1º, CP e punido com pena de reclusão de doze a vinte anos. Por ocasião do oferecimento da inicial acusatória, o Ministério Público postulou a decretação da prisão preventiva do acusado. Após receber a denúncia, o magistrado atendeu ao pedido do Parquet e impôs a segregação cautelar, limitando-se a afirmar genericamente que adotava a manifestação ministerial, sem sequer transcrever nenhum de seus fundamentos ou apontar fatos e razões concretas para a decretação. Na hipótese é correto afirmar que 
Alternativas
Ano: 2022 Banca: FGV Órgão: MPE-GO Prova: FGV - 2022 - MPE-GO - Analista Jurídico |
Q1910131 Direito Processual Penal
Álvaro foi preso em flagrante delito em 16 de março de 2021, após subtrair, mediante emprego de arma de fogo, o celular de Josué. Sua prisão foi convertida em preventiva, sendo o indiciado mantido preso durante a investigação, que reuniu elementos suficientes à formação da justa causa. Os autos do inquérito foram recebidos pelo Ministério Público no dia 8 de abril de 2021.
No entanto, o promotor com atribuição para o caso não ofereceu denúncia no prazo legal, não requereu novas diligências e nem promoveu o arquivamento. Diante da inércia ministerial, Álvaro contratou advogado que, no dia 21 de setembro de 2021, ofereceu queixa-crime, imputando a Josué a prática do delito de roubo, na forma do Art. 157, § 2º-A, I, do Código Penal.
Considerando os elementos fornecidos pelo enunciado, é correto afirmar que 
Alternativas
Ano: 2022 Banca: FGV Órgão: MPE-GO Prova: FGV - 2022 - MPE-GO - Analista Jurídico |
Q1910130 Direito Processual Penal
No dia 30 de junho de 2020, o Ministério Público ofereceu denúncia em face de Augusto, nascido em 10 de janeiro de 1992, imputando a ele a prática do crime de estupro de vulnerável, delito previsto no Art. 217-A do Código Penal. Segundo a inicial acusatória, no dia 16 de fevereiro de 2015, o acusado manteve conjunção carnal com Vitória, que à época possuía 13 anos de idade, pois nascida em 2 de fevereiro de 2002. 
Ao saber do fato e antes que a jovem completasse 18 anos, os pais de Vitória procuraram a delegacia de polícia, manifestando expressamente a vontade de ver Augusto responsabilizado criminalmente, o que foi por ela confirmado ao atingir a maioridade. 
No inquérito, foram reunidos elementos de informação suficientes à satisfação do lastro mínimo probatório exigido para a acusação. Entretanto, a denúncia foi rejeitada liminarmente pelo juiz competente. Ao fundamentar sua decisão, o magistrado apontou a ilegitimidade de parte, entendendo que não caberia ao Parquet exercer a ação penal, que não poderia ser admitida.
Com base nas informações apresentadas, assinale a afirmativa correta para o caso.
Alternativas
Respostas
9501: E
9502: B
9503: A
9504: D
9505: C
9506: C
9507: C
9508: B
9509: E
9510: D
9511: C
9512: B
9513: E
9514: C
9515: E
9516: A
9517: D
9518: B
9519: D
9520: A