Questões de Concurso
Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
Foram encontradas 12.963 questões
"A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam."
What does "mote of dust" refer to?
Brazil concluded the Paris 2024 Olympic Games with 20 medals, representing its second-best performance in the country's history. The Brazilian delegation secured three gold medals, seven silver medals, and ten bronze medals, placing the country 20th in the medal count and 12th in total podium finishes.
In France, women athletes from Brazil made history by breaking long-standing records and achieving unprecedented success. For the first time, women outperformed men, securing more medals in a single Olympic Games. Of the 20 medals, 12 were won by women in events designated for female competitors, including one in a mixed judo team competition, while the men claimed seven.
The Bolsa Atleta program (Athlete Scholarship Program) was instrumental in driving these achievements. This federal funding initiative was vital for the success of every Brazilian medalist at the event. Among the 60 medalists in Paris - 48 women and 12 men - 100% are current or former participants in the Bolsa Atleta program.
Adapted from htips:/iwww.gov.br/secom/enfiatest-news/2024/08
Say if the statements below are T (true) or F (false). Then, mark the cosrect option.
( ) Brazilian athletes secured a total of twelve medals in the 2024 Olympic Games.
( ) Brazil‘was placed twentieth in total podium finishes in the 2024 Olympic Games.
( ) Brazilian male athletes won more medals than the female competitors in Paris.
( ) Bolsa Atleta is a program that funds athletes and was crucial for Brazil's success in Paris.
( ) Al the sixty medalists in Paris were somehow supported by the Bolsa Atleta Program.
Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies.
Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock.
The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.
To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial.
• Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant livestock breeds are vital. and heat-tolerant
• Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative drought-resistant forage livestock resilience. feed sources, varieties, such as can enhance
• Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and redu
Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector.
Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact.
Internet:<conafer.org.br> (adapted).
Judge the following item based on the text above.
Crop-livestock-forest integration systems do not influence water conservation.
Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies.
Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock.
The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.
To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial.
• Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant livestock breeds are vital. and heat-tolerant
• Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative drought-resistant forage livestock resilience. feed sources, varieties, such as can enhance
• Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and redu
Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector.
Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact.
Internet:<conafer.org.br> (adapted).
Judge the following item based on the text above.
The text reiterates that the choices of consumers do not affect the methods of cattle raising significantly.
Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies.
Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock.
The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.
To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial.
• Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant livestock breeds are vital. and heat-tolerant
• Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative drought-resistant forage livestock resilience. feed sources, varieties, such as can enhance
• Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and redu
Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector.
Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact.
Internet:<conafer.org.br> (adapted).
Judge the following item based on the text above.
One of the strategies proposed focuses on specific systems for both soil health and water retention improvement.
Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies.
Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock.
The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.
To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial.
• Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant livestock breeds are vital. and heat-tolerant
• Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative drought-resistant forage livestock resilience. feed sources, varieties, such as can enhance
• Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and redu
Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector.
Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact.
Internet:<conafer.org.br> (adapted).
Judge the following item based on the text above.
The excerpt: “prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies” (in the first paragraph) can be correctly translated as: secas prolongadas podem contribuir para a desertificação, diminuindo as terras de pastagem disponíveis e forçando os agricultores a adotarem estratégias alimentares alternativas dispendiosas.
Atenção: Para responder à questão, considere o texto a seguir.
lt's time for innovation to transform education
It’s no secret that the U.S. education system is facing numerous challenges. The standardized, one-size-fits-all approach focuses on memorization and rote learning, often failing to cater to the unique needs and talents of individual students. This lack of personalization can lead to disengagement and poor outcomes, leaving students feeling unmotivated and unprepared for life beyond school.
Innovation in education needs funding. But there’s a catch: to receive funding, entrepreneurs usually need to show proof of concept — that their idea works.
That can be tricky for education entrepreneurs who want to think outside the box. In the United States, trusted old models receive funding from legislators because they use outdated measures and assessments to decide “what works” in traditional settings. But it’s exactly those old models and metrics that need to be transformed.
Academic achievement among American students continues to fall behind their global counterparts. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), U.S. students rank 25th out of 37 countries in math proficiency, and similarly low in reading and science.
The fact is, in the U.S., education from 1st to 12th grade has long been more about tradition than innovation. For generations, the school experience has barely changed. Our schools may look the same as our parents’ schools — and their schools looked the same as their parents’. It was more about listening to lectures, memorizing facts, and writing essays than about exploring the things that make each student uniquely themselves.
What if education and imagination could be synonymous? That is the vision the VELA Education Fund aims to realize through its work funding diverse educational models for students across the U.S.
This nonprofit has flipped the script — instead of handing large sums of money to a select few, VELA offers millions of dollars in small grants to thousands of everyday entrepreneurs. This model generates fresh, community-rooted approaches to education. These creators share a self-starting spirit, a desire to meet the needs of the learners and families they serve, and a willingness to rethink the “where, how, and when” of school.
VELA’s model is unique because it instills trust and encourages autonomy in educators, believing that those closest to the problem should be the ones designing its solutions. Unlike other grants, VELA doesn’t require as much proof of concept upfront, allowing funding to drive the outcomes — not the other way around. By awarding smaller grants to a broader range of applicants, it supports a more diverse array of ideas, backgrounds, and educational models. These smaller grants also give recipients the freedom to take risks and be more creative.
“We limit our potential when we limit the people who have access to opportunities to drive social change,” said Meredith Olson, president of VELA. “A few thousand dollars to the right person can fuel innovation on a scale we never imagined.”
So far, VELA has awarded more than $35 million in grants to nearly 2,500 recipients — including microschool founders, homeschool leaders, and many others — who collectively serve over 5 million students across the country. The organization’s continued support sends a strong message to other education funders: trust that families and educators know how to support their learners best — and empower them to do so.
(Adapted from Why we need more Innovation In education & VELA Education Fund Catalyzes Innovatlon In Educatlon)
Atenção: Para responder à questão, considere o texto a seguir.
lt's time for innovation to transform education
It’s no secret that the U.S. education system is facing numerous challenges. The standardized, one-size-fits-all approach focuses on memorization and rote learning, often failing to cater to the unique needs and talents of individual students. This lack of personalization can lead to disengagement and poor outcomes, leaving students feeling unmotivated and unprepared for life beyond school.
Innovation in education needs funding. But there’s a catch: to receive funding, entrepreneurs usually need to show proof of concept — that their idea works.
That can be tricky for education entrepreneurs who want to think outside the box. In the United States, trusted old models receive funding from legislators because they use outdated measures and assessments to decide “what works” in traditional settings. But it’s exactly those old models and metrics that need to be transformed.
Academic achievement among American students continues to fall behind their global counterparts. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), U.S. students rank 25th out of 37 countries in math proficiency, and similarly low in reading and science.
The fact is, in the U.S., education from 1st to 12th grade has long been more about tradition than innovation. For generations, the school experience has barely changed. Our schools may look the same as our parents’ schools — and their schools looked the same as their parents’. It was more about listening to lectures, memorizing facts, and writing essays than about exploring the things that make each student uniquely themselves.
What if education and imagination could be synonymous? That is the vision the VELA Education Fund aims to realize through its work funding diverse educational models for students across the U.S.
This nonprofit has flipped the script — instead of handing large sums of money to a select few, VELA offers millions of dollars in small grants to thousands of everyday entrepreneurs. This model generates fresh, community-rooted approaches to education. These creators share a self-starting spirit, a desire to meet the needs of the learners and families they serve, and a willingness to rethink the “where, how, and when” of school.
VELA’s model is unique because it instills trust and encourages autonomy in educators, believing that those closest to the problem should be the ones designing its solutions. Unlike other grants, VELA doesn’t require as much proof of concept upfront, allowing funding to drive the outcomes — not the other way around. By awarding smaller grants to a broader range of applicants, it supports a more diverse array of ideas, backgrounds, and educational models. These smaller grants also give recipients the freedom to take risks and be more creative.
“We limit our potential when we limit the people who have access to opportunities to drive social change,” said Meredith Olson, president of VELA. “A few thousand dollars to the right person can fuel innovation on a scale we never imagined.”
So far, VELA has awarded more than $35 million in grants to nearly 2,500 recipients — including microschool founders, homeschool leaders, and many others — who collectively serve over 5 million students across the country. The organization’s continued support sends a strong message to other education funders: trust that families and educators know how to support their learners best — and empower them to do so.
(Adapted from Why we need more Innovation In education & VELA Education Fund Catalyzes Innovatlon In Educatlon)
Climate crisis, cíties, and health
Prof Mark J Nisuwenhuijsen PhDabc
More than ever, the climate crisis is becoming a health crisis. An estimated 5 million people globally die each pear because of suboptima! temperatures, with a large proportion of heal-related mortality (37%) attnibutable to human-induced climate change. The last few years have been the hottest on record and high temperatures claimed over 60 000 lives in Europe alone in 2022, with cities the most affected and temperatures in cities projected to increase. Urban heat islands that result from excessivo asphalt and concrete in cities contribute to an increase in temperature and premature mortality. Just over half of the world's population (56%) now lives in cities and that percentage is expected to reach nearly 70% by 2050.
(Adapted from https://www.sciencedirect.com/sclence/article/abs/pll/S0140673624019342)
Segundo o texto,
Atenção: Para responder à questão, considere o texto a seguir.
Some ways to reinvent affordable housing in a post-pandemic world
Jan 20, 2022
When more than 90 countries issued stay-at-home orders during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, over 7 billion people across the globe sheltered in slums and informal settlements. Yet, these necessary public health measures offered scant defense against this potentially deadly virus if housing conditions were unsafe. The urgency of the pandemic response spotlighted an inescapable truth: the chronic lack of safe and affordable housing in both advanced economies and developing nations is one of the biggest drivers of health and wealth disparities in our world.
As we grapple with how to adapt to ongoing waves of the virus and move toward rebuilding healthier, more equitable societies, we must expand the global supply of affordable housing by focusing on innovations that champion public health, sustainability, and scalability. These three inextricably linked pillars can drive a new global housing framework that creates more equitable access to affordable housing and, as a result, improves health outcomes, fortifies disaster resilience, and mitigates environmental impact.
Strategies and mindsets to reinvent affordable housing
1. Home as a health solution
The connections between health and home have long been recognized by the medical community. Poor housing conditions have been linked to debilitating illnesses, from respiratory conditions to infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, and diarrhea — which is among the leading causes of childhood death worldwide. In many cases, simple upgrades to a home's roof, windows, and floor can have a transformational impact on the health of a family and its surrounding community. A 2007 World Bank study found that replacing a home's dirt floors with concrete can lead to “a 78 percent reduction in parasitic infestations, a 49 percent reduction in diarrhea, an 81 percent reduction in anemia, and a 36 to 96 percent improvement in cognitive development."
But even these small upgrades remain out of reach for many families. In emerging markets, it is common for households to build shelter incrementally as finances allow — a process that can take up to 30 years. The work starts and stops as resources become available, often resulting in increased construction costs and inconsistent quality of materials over time.
Housing entrepreneurs are working to bring affordable, scalable solutions to families that can mitigate preventable, life-threatening health concerns and truly reinvent affordable housing. In Rwanda, upgrading to a concrete floor can cost more than two months' wages for the average family. Nonprofit startup EarthEnable is working with African governments to support housing policy and is using local materials and labor to provide an earthen floor alternative that delivers the same benefits as concrete at a quarter of the price.
As families strive to upgrade their homes, they need access — both physical and economic — to building products that will keep them safer.
2. Investing in sustainable methods that work
In addition to addressing the connections between housing and health, trailblazers like EarthEnable are proving that affordable solutions can also be green solutions. By sourcing materials locally, they are streamlining supply chains, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and creating employment opportunities within the community.
With the construction sector consuming over 3 billion tons of raw materials each year — more than any other industry — we need to be more intentional about leveraging sustainable and recycled supplies. Once again, startups are leading the way, applying low-cost modernizations to everything from lighting fixtures to pavers that are five to seven times more durable than concrete. In India, ReMaterials recycles packaging and agricultural waste into modular roof panels for families living in slums. These roofs have been shown to reduce a home's indoor air temperature by 10 degrees Celsius, improving quality of life and decreasing the risk of heatstroke.
Governments and housing nonprofits have a critical role to play in ensuring that startups developing these green, affordable housing innovations can scale their products and reach the vulnerable communities most in need.
3. Scaling to reach 1 billion homes
The need to create more adequate housing opportunities around the world continues to grow exponentially, as over 3 million people move to cities every week. Therefore, we must also sustainably and rapidly scale up new construction.
Entrepreneurs around the world are rethinking housing construction from the ground up to produce more efficient solutions.
Increasing the affordable housing supply also requires us to think differently about how we use and prioritize space. By emphasizing spatial needs and constraints in planning new developments, we can improve quality of life by enabling people to live closer to where they work, while reducing traffic and environmental impact. Furthermore, data shows that mixed-income neighborhoods produce better long-term health outcomes and economic mobility for individuals and families.
Governments, corporations, and civil society have important roles to play in advancing disruptive solutions to the chronic shortage of safe, affordable housing around the globe. By supporting innovators with the capacity to expand quickly and effectively, together we can embrace a new global housing framework centered on sustainable and scalable shelter solutions. Only through collaboration can we reinvent affordable housing..
(Adapted from https:/www.weforum.org/stories/2022/01/reinvent-affordable-housing-post-covid19-aworld-habitat-for-humanity/)
Atenção: Para responder à questão, considere o texto a seguir.
Some ways to reinvent affordable housing in a post-pandemic world
Jan 20, 2022
When more than 90 countries issued stay-at-home orders during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, over 7 billion people across the globe sheltered in slums and informal settlements. Yet, these necessary public health measures offered scant defense against this potentially deadly virus if housing conditions were unsafe. The urgency of the pandemic response spotlighted an inescapable truth: the chronic lack of safe and affordable housing in both advanced economies and developing nations is one of the biggest drivers of health and wealth disparities in our world.
As we grapple with how to adapt to ongoing waves of the virus and move toward rebuilding healthier, more equitable societies, we must expand the global supply of affordable housing by focusing on innovations that champion public health, sustainability, and scalability. These three inextricably linked pillars can drive a new global housing framework that creates more equitable access to affordable housing and, as a result, improves health outcomes, fortifies disaster resilience, and mitigates environmental impact.
Strategies and mindsets to reinvent affordable housing
1. Home as a health solution
The connections between health and home have long been recognized by the medical community. Poor housing conditions have been linked to debilitating illnesses, from respiratory conditions to infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, and diarrhea — which is among the leading causes of childhood death worldwide. In many cases, simple upgrades to a home's roof, windows, and floor can have a transformational impact on the health of a family and its surrounding community. A 2007 World Bank study found that replacing a home's dirt floors with concrete can lead to “a 78 percent reduction in parasitic infestations, a 49 percent reduction in diarrhea, an 81 percent reduction in anemia, and a 36 to 96 percent improvement in cognitive development."
But even these small upgrades remain out of reach for many families. In emerging markets, it is common for households to build shelter incrementally as finances allow — a process that can take up to 30 years. The work starts and stops as resources become available, often resulting in increased construction costs and inconsistent quality of materials over time.
Housing entrepreneurs are working to bring affordable, scalable solutions to families that can mitigate preventable, life-threatening health concerns and truly reinvent affordable housing. In Rwanda, upgrading to a concrete floor can cost more than two months' wages for the average family. Nonprofit startup EarthEnable is working with African governments to support housing policy and is using local materials and labor to provide an earthen floor alternative that delivers the same benefits as concrete at a quarter of the price.
As families strive to upgrade their homes, they need access — both physical and economic — to building products that will keep them safer.
2. Investing in sustainable methods that work
In addition to addressing the connections between housing and health, trailblazers like EarthEnable are proving that affordable solutions can also be green solutions. By sourcing materials locally, they are streamlining supply chains, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and creating employment opportunities within the community.
With the construction sector consuming over 3 billion tons of raw materials each year — more than any other industry — we need to be more intentional about leveraging sustainable and recycled supplies. Once again, startups are leading the way, applying low-cost modernizations to everything from lighting fixtures to pavers that are five to seven times more durable than concrete. In India, ReMaterials recycles packaging and agricultural waste into modular roof panels for families living in slums. These roofs have been shown to reduce a home's indoor air temperature by 10 degrees Celsius, improving quality of life and decreasing the risk of heatstroke.
Governments and housing nonprofits have a critical role to play in ensuring that startups developing these green, affordable housing innovations can scale their products and reach the vulnerable communities most in need.
3. Scaling to reach 1 billion homes
The need to create more adequate housing opportunities around the world continues to grow exponentially, as over 3 million people move to cities every week. Therefore, we must also sustainably and rapidly scale up new construction.
Entrepreneurs around the world are rethinking housing construction from the ground up to produce more efficient solutions.
Increasing the affordable housing supply also requires us to think differently about how we use and prioritize space. By emphasizing spatial needs and constraints in planning new developments, we can improve quality of life by enabling people to live closer to where they work, while reducing traffic and environmental impact. Furthermore, data shows that mixed-income neighborhoods produce better long-term health outcomes and economic mobility for individuals and families.
Governments, corporations, and civil society have important roles to play in advancing disruptive solutions to the chronic shortage of safe, affordable housing around the globe. By supporting innovators with the capacity to expand quickly and effectively, together we can embrace a new global housing framework centered on sustainable and scalable shelter solutions. Only through collaboration can we reinvent affordable housing..
(Adapted from https:/www.weforum.org/stories/2022/01/reinvent-affordable-housing-post-covid19-aworld-habitat-for-humanity/)
Atenção: Para responder à questão, considere o texto a seguir.
Some ways to reinvent affordable housing in a post-pandemic world
Jan 20, 2022
When more than 90 countries issued stay-at-home orders during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, over 7 billion people across the globe sheltered in slums and informal settlements. Yet, these necessary public health measures offered scant defense against this potentially deadly virus if housing conditions were unsafe. The urgency of the pandemic response spotlighted an inescapable truth: the chronic lack of safe and affordable housing in both advanced economies and developing nations is one of the biggest drivers of health and wealth disparities in our world.
As we grapple with how to adapt to ongoing waves of the virus and move toward rebuilding healthier, more equitable societies, we must expand the global supply of affordable housing by focusing on innovations that champion public health, sustainability, and scalability. These three inextricably linked pillars can drive a new global housing framework that creates more equitable access to affordable housing and, as a result, improves health outcomes, fortifies disaster resilience, and mitigates environmental impact.
Strategies and mindsets to reinvent affordable housing
1. Home as a health solution
The connections between health and home have long been recognized by the medical community. Poor housing conditions have been linked to debilitating illnesses, from respiratory conditions to infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, and diarrhea — which is among the leading causes of childhood death worldwide. In many cases, simple upgrades to a home's roof, windows, and floor can have a transformational impact on the health of a family and its surrounding community. A 2007 World Bank study found that replacing a home's dirt floors with concrete can lead to “a 78 percent reduction in parasitic infestations, a 49 percent reduction in diarrhea, an 81 percent reduction in anemia, and a 36 to 96 percent improvement in cognitive development."
But even these small upgrades remain out of reach for many families. In emerging markets, it is common for households to build shelter incrementally as finances allow — a process that can take up to 30 years. The work starts and stops as resources become available, often resulting in increased construction costs and inconsistent quality of materials over time.
Housing entrepreneurs are working to bring affordable, scalable solutions to families that can mitigate preventable, life-threatening health concerns and truly reinvent affordable housing. In Rwanda, upgrading to a concrete floor can cost more than two months' wages for the average family. Nonprofit startup EarthEnable is working with African governments to support housing policy and is using local materials and labor to provide an earthen floor alternative that delivers the same benefits as concrete at a quarter of the price.
As families strive to upgrade their homes, they need access — both physical and economic — to building products that will keep them safer.
2. Investing in sustainable methods that work
In addition to addressing the connections between housing and health, trailblazers like EarthEnable are proving that affordable solutions can also be green solutions. By sourcing materials locally, they are streamlining supply chains, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and creating employment opportunities within the community.
With the construction sector consuming over 3 billion tons of raw materials each year — more than any other industry — we need to be more intentional about leveraging sustainable and recycled supplies. Once again, startups are leading the way, applying low-cost modernizations to everything from lighting fixtures to pavers that are five to seven times more durable than concrete. In India, ReMaterials recycles packaging and agricultural waste into modular roof panels for families living in slums. These roofs have been shown to reduce a home's indoor air temperature by 10 degrees Celsius, improving quality of life and decreasing the risk of heatstroke.
Governments and housing nonprofits have a critical role to play in ensuring that startups developing these green, affordable housing innovations can scale their products and reach the vulnerable communities most in need.
3. Scaling to reach 1 billion homes
The need to create more adequate housing opportunities around the world continues to grow exponentially, as over 3 million people move to cities every week. Therefore, we must also sustainably and rapidly scale up new construction.
Entrepreneurs around the world are rethinking housing construction from the ground up to produce more efficient solutions.
Increasing the affordable housing supply also requires us to think differently about how we use and prioritize space. By emphasizing spatial needs and constraints in planning new developments, we can improve quality of life by enabling people to live closer to where they work, while reducing traffic and environmental impact. Furthermore, data shows that mixed-income neighborhoods produce better long-term health outcomes and economic mobility for individuals and families.
Governments, corporations, and civil society have important roles to play in advancing disruptive solutions to the chronic shortage of safe, affordable housing around the globe. By supporting innovators with the capacity to expand quickly and effectively, together we can embrace a new global housing framework centered on sustainable and scalable shelter solutions. Only through collaboration can we reinvent affordable housing..
(Adapted from https:/www.weforum.org/stories/2022/01/reinvent-affordable-housing-post-covid19-aworld-habitat-for-humanity/)
Atenção: Para responder à questão, considere o texto a seguir.
Some ways to reinvent affordable housing in a post-pandemic world
Jan 20, 2022
When more than 90 countries issued stay-at-home orders during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, over 7 billion people across the globe sheltered in slums and informal settlements. Yet, these necessary public health measures offered scant defense against this potentially deadly virus if housing conditions were unsafe. The urgency of the pandemic response spotlighted an inescapable truth: the chronic lack of safe and affordable housing in both advanced economies and developing nations is one of the biggest drivers of health and wealth disparities in our world.
As we grapple with how to adapt to ongoing waves of the virus and move toward rebuilding healthier, more equitable societies, we must expand the global supply of affordable housing by focusing on innovations that champion public health, sustainability, and scalability. These three inextricably linked pillars can drive a new global housing framework that creates more equitable access to affordable housing and, as a result, improves health outcomes, fortifies disaster resilience, and mitigates environmental impact.
Strategies and mindsets to reinvent affordable housing
1. Home as a health solution
The connections between health and home have long been recognized by the medical community. Poor housing conditions have been linked to debilitating illnesses, from respiratory conditions to infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, and diarrhea — which is among the leading causes of childhood death worldwide. In many cases, simple upgrades to a home's roof, windows, and floor can have a transformational impact on the health of a family and its surrounding community. A 2007 World Bank study found that replacing a home's dirt floors with concrete can lead to “a 78 percent reduction in parasitic infestations, a 49 percent reduction in diarrhea, an 81 percent reduction in anemia, and a 36 to 96 percent improvement in cognitive development."
But even these small upgrades remain out of reach for many families. In emerging markets, it is common for households to build shelter incrementally as finances allow — a process that can take up to 30 years. The work starts and stops as resources become available, often resulting in increased construction costs and inconsistent quality of materials over time.
Housing entrepreneurs are working to bring affordable, scalable solutions to families that can mitigate preventable, life-threatening health concerns and truly reinvent affordable housing. In Rwanda, upgrading to a concrete floor can cost more than two months' wages for the average family. Nonprofit startup EarthEnable is working with African governments to support housing policy and is using local materials and labor to provide an earthen floor alternative that delivers the same benefits as concrete at a quarter of the price.
As families strive to upgrade their homes, they need access — both physical and economic — to building products that will keep them safer.
2. Investing in sustainable methods that work
In addition to addressing the connections between housing and health, trailblazers like EarthEnable are proving that affordable solutions can also be green solutions. By sourcing materials locally, they are streamlining supply chains, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and creating employment opportunities within the community.
With the construction sector consuming over 3 billion tons of raw materials each year — more than any other industry — we need to be more intentional about leveraging sustainable and recycled supplies. Once again, startups are leading the way, applying low-cost modernizations to everything from lighting fixtures to pavers that are five to seven times more durable than concrete. In India, ReMaterials recycles packaging and agricultural waste into modular roof panels for families living in slums. These roofs have been shown to reduce a home's indoor air temperature by 10 degrees Celsius, improving quality of life and decreasing the risk of heatstroke.
Governments and housing nonprofits have a critical role to play in ensuring that startups developing these green, affordable housing innovations can scale their products and reach the vulnerable communities most in need.
3. Scaling to reach 1 billion homes
The need to create more adequate housing opportunities around the world continues to grow exponentially, as over 3 million people move to cities every week. Therefore, we must also sustainably and rapidly scale up new construction.
Entrepreneurs around the world are rethinking housing construction from the ground up to produce more efficient solutions.
Increasing the affordable housing supply also requires us to think differently about how we use and prioritize space. By emphasizing spatial needs and constraints in planning new developments, we can improve quality of life by enabling people to live closer to where they work, while reducing traffic and environmental impact. Furthermore, data shows that mixed-income neighborhoods produce better long-term health outcomes and economic mobility for individuals and families.
Governments, corporations, and civil society have important roles to play in advancing disruptive solutions to the chronic shortage of safe, affordable housing around the globe. By supporting innovators with the capacity to expand quickly and effectively, together we can embrace a new global housing framework centered on sustainable and scalable shelter solutions. Only through collaboration can we reinvent affordable housing..
(Adapted from https:/www.weforum.org/stories/2022/01/reinvent-affordable-housing-post-covid19-aworld-habitat-for-humanity/)
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Climate change can affect mental health. Now these Californians are doing something about it
by Shreya Agrawal
October 10, 2023
The facts of climate change can lead to feelings of hopelessness and despair. Some California activists are creating communities for people to talk about those feelings.
Maksim Batuyev's college studies on the climate crisis left him feeling depressed.
“I was questioning the sheer gravity of it all and how all of it is systemic. None of it has an easy solution," he said. “That really started to bring me into some dark places."
During his senior year at Michigan State University, in 2020, he started talking online to people from around the world about their emotions related to climate change, which ranged from feeling overwhelmed and scared about the future to grieving the parts of nature that have already been lost.
“They sounded just like me,” he said. “And it sounded like too much for one person to take on.”
He decided to do something about it. In 2022, he and climate activist Cindy Pace started informal gatherings in Los Angeles to talk about climate emotions. These groups, commonly known as climate cafés, encourage various kinds of people to come together and talk about their climate feelings in moderated discussions.
Those meetups represent one of the small ways young Californians are beginning to address the global climate crisis as a mental health crisis. Popular organizations and nonprofits are offering community-based therapy solutions, such as climate cafés, urban gardens, and other events where people can come together and talk. Some are turning to nature-based therapy, also known as ecotherapy, which involves spending time in nature to enable growth and healing.
But mental health advocates say the largely people-driven efforts are not nearly enough to meet the needs of younger generations. They say more resources and funding are needed to build stronger community-based systems and to provide a good alternative to therapy, which can often be expensive and less accessible.
“It's clear young people are focused on climate change and for good reason. A lot of past policies, actions, and inactions have created a situation that has folks very worried about the future, and I share that worry," said State Senator Ben Allen, the Redondo Beach Democrat who sponsored the 2017 budget item that funded the school program. “I hope that elected officials, industry leaders, and others in positions of power listen to what they're asking for and respond with the urgency it demands.”
But the ultimate cure to eco-anxiety, Batuyev said, is to solve the climate problem.
(Adapted from https:llcalmatters.org/health/mental-health/2023/10climate-change-califormia-youth-mental-health!)
Atenção: Para responder à questão, considere o texto a seguir.
Climate change can affect mental health. Now these Californians are doing something about it
by Shreya Agrawal
October 10, 2023
The facts of climate change can lead to feelings of hopelessness and despair. Some California activists are creating communities for people to talk about those feelings.
Maksim Batuyev's college studies on the climate crisis left him feeling depressed.
“I was questioning the sheer gravity of it all and how all of it is systemic. None of it has an easy solution," he said. “That really started to bring me into some dark places."
During his senior year at Michigan State University, in 2020, he started talking online to people from around the world about their emotions related to climate change, which ranged from feeling overwhelmed and scared about the future to grieving the parts of nature that have already been lost.
“They sounded just like me,” he said. “And it sounded like too much for one person to take on.”
He decided to do something about it. In 2022, he and climate activist Cindy Pace started informal gatherings in Los Angeles to talk about climate emotions. These groups, commonly known as climate cafés, encourage various kinds of people to come together and talk about their climate feelings in moderated discussions.
Those meetups represent one of the small ways young Californians are beginning to address the global climate crisis as a mental health crisis. Popular organizations and nonprofits are offering community-based therapy solutions, such as climate cafés, urban gardens, and other events where people can come together and talk. Some are turning to nature-based therapy, also known as ecotherapy, which involves spending time in nature to enable growth and healing.
But mental health advocates say the largely people-driven efforts are not nearly enough to meet the needs of younger generations. They say more resources and funding are needed to build stronger community-based systems and to provide a good alternative to therapy, which can often be expensive and less accessible.
“It's clear young people are focused on climate change and for good reason. A lot of past policies, actions, and inactions have created a situation that has folks very worried about the future, and I share that worry," said State Senator Ben Allen, the Redondo Beach Democrat who sponsored the 2017 budget item that funded the school program. “I hope that elected officials, industry leaders, and others in positions of power listen to what they're asking for and respond with the urgency it demands.”
But the ultimate cure to eco-anxiety, Batuyev said, is to solve the climate problem.
(Adapted from https:llcalmatters.org/health/mental-health/2023/10climate-change-califormia-youth-mental-health!)
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Due to climate change, droughts are happening as fast as floods.
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