In the passage "The research could improve diagnosis and, u...

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Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: AMAUC Órgão: Prefeitura de Piratuba - SC Prova: AMAUC - 2025 - Prefeitura de Piratuba - SC - Professor Inglês |
Q3650829 Inglês
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Big Data Begins to Crack the Case of Endometriosis

Records from millions of patients at University of California health centers found correlations between endometriosis, one of the most common diseases in women, and a bounty of other diseases.

By Levi Gadye

Scientists at UC San Francisco have found that endometriosis — a painful chronic disease that often goes undiagnosed yet is estimated to affect as many as 200 million women worldwide — frequently occurs alongside conditions like cancer, Crohn's disease, and migraine.

The research could improve diagnosis and, ultimately, treatments for endometriosis, preventing women from having to go on long diagnostic journeys in which they are told that nothing is wrong with them.

The study, which appeared in Cell Reports Medicine on July 31, used computational methods developed at UCSF to analyze anonymized patient records collected at the University of California's six health centers.

"We now have both the tools and the data to make a difference for the huge population that suffers from endometriosis," said Marina Sirota, PhD, the interim director of the UCSF Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute (BCHSI), professor of pediatrics, and senior author of the paper. "We hope this can spur a sea change in how we approach this disorder."

"The impact on patients' lives is huge"

Endometriosis, often called 'endo,' occurs when the endometrium, the blood-rich tissue that grows in the uterus before being expelled each month during menstruation, spreads to other nearby organs. It causes chronic pain and infertility. It is estimated that nearly 10% of women worldwide suffer from it.

"Endo is extremely debilitating," said Linda Giudice, MD, PhD, MSc, a physician-scientist in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at UCSF and co-author of the paper. "The impact on patients' lives is huge, from their interpersonal relationships to being able to hold a job, have a family, and maintain psychological wellbeing."

The gold standard to diagnose endometriosis is surgery to find endometrial tissue outside of the uterus, and it is mainly treated with hormones to suppress the menstrual cycle, or surgery to remove the excess tissue.

But not everyone responds to hormonal therapy, which can have debilitating side effects. Even after surgery, the condition can flare up. Removal of the uterus is a last-ditch measure that is usually reserved for older women; but some women continue to experience pain even after a hysterectomy.

Giudice partnered with Sirota to leverage the UC health system's anonymized patient data against endo, which can vary dramatically across patients. Both Giudice and Sirota are principal investigators at the UCSF-Stanford Endometriosis Center for Discovery, Innovation, Training and Community Engagement (ENACT).

"This data is messy; it was not collected for research purposes but for the real, human purpose of helping women who need care," Sirota said. "We had the rare chance to rigorously assess how endometriosis presents across UCSF's patient population and then ask whether these observations held true with patients seen at the other UC health centers."

Data connects the dots for understanding endometriosis

Using algorithms developed for the task, Umair Khan, a bioinformatics graduate student in Sirota's lab and first author of the paper, hunted for connections linking endometriosis with the rest of each patient's health history.

He compared endo patients with patients who did not have it, and categorized the patients with endo into groups based on shared health histories. He mapped his findings from the UCSF data against the rest of the UC's health data to see if they held up across California.

"We found over 600 correlations between endometriosis and other conditions," Khan said. "These ranged from what we already knew or suspected, like infertility, autoimmune disease, and acid-reflux, to the unexpected, like certain cancers, asthma, and eye-related diseases."

Some patients had migraines, bolstering previous studies suggesting that migraine drugs might help treat endometriosis.

"In the past, studies like this would have been nearly impossible," said Tomiko Oskotsky, MD, an investigator at ENACT, associate professor in UCSF BCHSI, and co-author of the paper. "It was only 12 years ago that de-identified electronic health records became available at this scale."

The study supports the growing understanding of endometriosis as a "multi-system" disorder — a disease arising from dysfunction throughout the body.

"This is the kind of data we need to move the needle, which hasn't moved in decades," Giudice said. "We're finally getting closer to faster diagnosis and, eventually, we hope, tailored treatment for the millions of women who suffer from endometriosis."


https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2025/07/430471/big-data-begins-crack-case -endometriosis
In the passage "The research could improve diagnosis and, ultimately, treatments for endometriosis, preventing women from having to go on long diagnostic journeys in which they are told that nothing is wrong with them", what is the main purpose of this sentence within the text's overall coherence?
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Resposta correta: Alternativa A

Tema central da questão: interpretação da função de uma frase dentro da coerência global do texto. Aqui é preciso identificar se a frase apresenta consequência/impacto, descreve método, explica causa biológica, alerta risco hospitalar ou critica pesquisadores.

Resumo teórico rápido: Em leitura interpretativa, frases podem cumprir papéis como: (1) apresentar fatos; (2) exemplificar; (3) inferir consequência; (4) explicitar método; (5) avaliar impacto. Para determinar o papel, procure conectores (por ex., "could", "ultimately", "preventing") e a relação lógica com as orações anteriores. Fontes úteis: Beaugrande & Dressler (1981) — noções de coerência textual; manuais de interpretação de textos (ex.: Marcuschi).

Por que A é correta: a frase afirma que a pesquisa pode melhorar diagnóstico e tratamentos e, com isso, evitar longas jornadas em que mulheres são desacreditadas. Isso destaca diretamente o impacto prático do estudo na vida das pacientes — ou seja, realça a importância e o benefício para os pacientes, que é exatamente “o impacto na vida dos pacientes”. Palavras-chave: "could improve", "ultimately", "preventing". Essas expressões mostram consequência e benefício social, não descrição técnica.

Análise das alternativas incorretas:

B — Descrever os métodos computacionais: Incorreta. A frase fala de possíveis melhorias no diagnóstico/tratamento e redução de jornadas diagnósticas, não detalha métodos (que aparecem em outro trecho).

C — Explicar causas biológicas: Incorreta. Não há explicação de mecanismos ou causas da doença; trata-se de consequência clínica do estudo.

D — Enfatizar perigos de erros médicos: Incorreta. A frase menciona diagnósticos tardios ou negação de sintomas, mas não discute erros médicos nem riscos hospitalares; foca no benefício da pesquisa.

E — Criticar ineficiência de pesquisadores: Incorreta. A frase valoriza a pesquisa como solução; não há crítica aos pesquisadores ou à sua eficiência.

Dicas práticas para provas: localize conectores de finalidade/consequência; pergunte-se: essa frase explica “como” (método), “por que” (causa) ou “com que efeito” (impacto)? Use eliminação rápida: se há benefício social explícito, escolha alternativa que fale de impacto.

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