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Q3652221 Português
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“Conto de escola”: a lição que não estava no quadro


    Na manhã de uma segunda-feira de 1840, um menino indeciso caminha pelas ruas do Rio de Janeiro com a cabeça dividida entre a liberdade do campo e a obrigação da aula. Ele se chama Pilar e, embora costume acabar as lições mais depressa que os colegas, carrega ainda no corpo a lembrança das surras que o pai dá quando ele mata aula. A escola, num sobrado de grade de pau, parece menor do que a cidade que o cerca; ainda assim, é ali que Pilar vai descobrir que existem faltas mais difíceis de apagar do que um erro de conta.

    Ao subir a escada, Pilar encontra o filho do professor, Raimundo, um menino pálido e aplicado, que entende as coisas devagar e teme o pai severo. Raimundo se aproxima, hesitante, como quem pede segredo antes de pedir favor. Entre olhares furtivos e silêncios, ele oferece uma moedinha de prata para que Pilar lhe sopre a lição de aritmética. Pilar hesita: a mão aceita o brilho, mas o estômago embrulha. A tentação parece pequena e privada; afinal, é só uma ajuda rápida, um empurrão nos números que tanto custam a Raimundo. Ninguém notará, pensa.

    Na sala, as carteiras rangem, a palmatória adormece sobre a mesa, e o professor, grave, distribui tarefas como se fossem sentenças. Entre os meninos, um se destaca: Curvelo, atento como quem fareja vantagem. É ele quem percebe os sussurros entre Pilar e Raimundo, é ele quem mede o valor do silêncio e da palavra, e é dele que sai a delação que rompe a frágil barraca de feira em que a pequena corrupção tentava se esconder. De súbito, tudo para: o mestre fixa os olhos pontudos em Pilar e no próprio filho, pedindo explicações que as bocas não sabem dar.

    A punição vem pública e certeira. Não é apenas a dor física que arde, mas a vergonha que se espalha pela sala como tinta derramada. A palmatória, instrumento pedagógico daquela época, marca não só as mãos: grava, sobretudo, a memória de que atos discretos podem ter consequências amplas. Pilar, castigado ao lado de Raimundo, percebe que o pequeno “acordo” tinha um preço que o brilho da moeda não mostrava. Entre o castigo do corpo e o silêncio pesado do professor, descobre-se algo sobre lealdade, medo e responsabilidade — lições que não estavam no quadro-negro.

    Anos depois, ao narrar o episódio, Pilar já entende o que naquela manhã escapava: a escola é também uma arena de escolhas morais, onde convivem o impulso de ajudar, a procura de atalhos e a sombra da delação. O saldo da história não é tanto a matemática que faltou, mas a ética que, a duras penas, se aprendeu. E essa lição, que começou com uma moeda miúda, termina maior do que o sobrado da Rua do Costa, porque segue valendo fora da sala, onde os olhos alheios muitas vezes pesam menos do que a própria consciência.


Fonte: Machado de Assis, “Conto de escola”, em Várias histórias (1896) Adaptado.
Considerando a situação comunicativa, identifica-se que o texto é enunciado por um
Alternativas
Q3652220 Português
Leia o texto e resposta à questão.


“Conto de escola”: a lição que não estava no quadro


    Na manhã de uma segunda-feira de 1840, um menino indeciso caminha pelas ruas do Rio de Janeiro com a cabeça dividida entre a liberdade do campo e a obrigação da aula. Ele se chama Pilar e, embora costume acabar as lições mais depressa que os colegas, carrega ainda no corpo a lembrança das surras que o pai dá quando ele mata aula. A escola, num sobrado de grade de pau, parece menor do que a cidade que o cerca; ainda assim, é ali que Pilar vai descobrir que existem faltas mais difíceis de apagar do que um erro de conta.

    Ao subir a escada, Pilar encontra o filho do professor, Raimundo, um menino pálido e aplicado, que entende as coisas devagar e teme o pai severo. Raimundo se aproxima, hesitante, como quem pede segredo antes de pedir favor. Entre olhares furtivos e silêncios, ele oferece uma moedinha de prata para que Pilar lhe sopre a lição de aritmética. Pilar hesita: a mão aceita o brilho, mas o estômago embrulha. A tentação parece pequena e privada; afinal, é só uma ajuda rápida, um empurrão nos números que tanto custam a Raimundo. Ninguém notará, pensa.

    Na sala, as carteiras rangem, a palmatória adormece sobre a mesa, e o professor, grave, distribui tarefas como se fossem sentenças. Entre os meninos, um se destaca: Curvelo, atento como quem fareja vantagem. É ele quem percebe os sussurros entre Pilar e Raimundo, é ele quem mede o valor do silêncio e da palavra, e é dele que sai a delação que rompe a frágil barraca de feira em que a pequena corrupção tentava se esconder. De súbito, tudo para: o mestre fixa os olhos pontudos em Pilar e no próprio filho, pedindo explicações que as bocas não sabem dar.

    A punição vem pública e certeira. Não é apenas a dor física que arde, mas a vergonha que se espalha pela sala como tinta derramada. A palmatória, instrumento pedagógico daquela época, marca não só as mãos: grava, sobretudo, a memória de que atos discretos podem ter consequências amplas. Pilar, castigado ao lado de Raimundo, percebe que o pequeno “acordo” tinha um preço que o brilho da moeda não mostrava. Entre o castigo do corpo e o silêncio pesado do professor, descobre-se algo sobre lealdade, medo e responsabilidade — lições que não estavam no quadro-negro.

    Anos depois, ao narrar o episódio, Pilar já entende o que naquela manhã escapava: a escola é também uma arena de escolhas morais, onde convivem o impulso de ajudar, a procura de atalhos e a sombra da delação. O saldo da história não é tanto a matemática que faltou, mas a ética que, a duras penas, se aprendeu. E essa lição, que começou com uma moeda miúda, termina maior do que o sobrado da Rua do Costa, porque segue valendo fora da sala, onde os olhos alheios muitas vezes pesam menos do que a própria consciência.


Fonte: Machado de Assis, “Conto de escola”, em Várias histórias (1896) Adaptado.
Quanto ao tipo e gênero, a melhor classificação para o texto apresentado está na opção:
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Q3652219 Português
Leia o texto e resposta à questão.


“Conto de escola”: a lição que não estava no quadro


    Na manhã de uma segunda-feira de 1840, um menino indeciso caminha pelas ruas do Rio de Janeiro com a cabeça dividida entre a liberdade do campo e a obrigação da aula. Ele se chama Pilar e, embora costume acabar as lições mais depressa que os colegas, carrega ainda no corpo a lembrança das surras que o pai dá quando ele mata aula. A escola, num sobrado de grade de pau, parece menor do que a cidade que o cerca; ainda assim, é ali que Pilar vai descobrir que existem faltas mais difíceis de apagar do que um erro de conta.

    Ao subir a escada, Pilar encontra o filho do professor, Raimundo, um menino pálido e aplicado, que entende as coisas devagar e teme o pai severo. Raimundo se aproxima, hesitante, como quem pede segredo antes de pedir favor. Entre olhares furtivos e silêncios, ele oferece uma moedinha de prata para que Pilar lhe sopre a lição de aritmética. Pilar hesita: a mão aceita o brilho, mas o estômago embrulha. A tentação parece pequena e privada; afinal, é só uma ajuda rápida, um empurrão nos números que tanto custam a Raimundo. Ninguém notará, pensa.

    Na sala, as carteiras rangem, a palmatória adormece sobre a mesa, e o professor, grave, distribui tarefas como se fossem sentenças. Entre os meninos, um se destaca: Curvelo, atento como quem fareja vantagem. É ele quem percebe os sussurros entre Pilar e Raimundo, é ele quem mede o valor do silêncio e da palavra, e é dele que sai a delação que rompe a frágil barraca de feira em que a pequena corrupção tentava se esconder. De súbito, tudo para: o mestre fixa os olhos pontudos em Pilar e no próprio filho, pedindo explicações que as bocas não sabem dar.

    A punição vem pública e certeira. Não é apenas a dor física que arde, mas a vergonha que se espalha pela sala como tinta derramada. A palmatória, instrumento pedagógico daquela época, marca não só as mãos: grava, sobretudo, a memória de que atos discretos podem ter consequências amplas. Pilar, castigado ao lado de Raimundo, percebe que o pequeno “acordo” tinha um preço que o brilho da moeda não mostrava. Entre o castigo do corpo e o silêncio pesado do professor, descobre-se algo sobre lealdade, medo e responsabilidade — lições que não estavam no quadro-negro.

    Anos depois, ao narrar o episódio, Pilar já entende o que naquela manhã escapava: a escola é também uma arena de escolhas morais, onde convivem o impulso de ajudar, a procura de atalhos e a sombra da delação. O saldo da história não é tanto a matemática que faltou, mas a ética que, a duras penas, se aprendeu. E essa lição, que começou com uma moeda miúda, termina maior do que o sobrado da Rua do Costa, porque segue valendo fora da sala, onde os olhos alheios muitas vezes pesam menos do que a própria consciência.


Fonte: Machado de Assis, “Conto de escola”, em Várias histórias (1896) Adaptado.
Qual a afirmação que sintetiza a ideia central construída pelo narrador?
Alternativas
Q3650844 Inglês
The act of reading is not a passive activity of decoding words, but rather an interactive process that requires interpretation, contextualization, and critical reflection. In academic environments, the relationship between reading and text production becomes central, since one influences and enriches the other. Based on this perspective, which of the following statements represents this relationship?
Alternativas
Q3650843 Pedagogia
In a pedagogical meeting, a professor emphasized the importance of integrating oral and written practices in education. Which statement best reflects this idea? 
Alternativas
Q3650842 Inglês
Word formation is a central topic in linguistics, particularly within the field of morphology. It refers to the mechanisms through which new words are created or existing words are modified in a language. These processes play a crucial role in language evolution, lexical expansion, and communicative efficiency. English, as a dynamic and flexible language, presents a variety of word formation strategies. Judge the sentences below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).

(__) Derivation is the process of creating new words by adding prefixes or suffixes to a base word. For example, the addition of the prefix un- in unhappy changes the meaning, while the suffix -ness in happiness transforms an adjective into a noun. Derivation is highly productive and contributes significantly to vocabulary growth.
(__) Compounding involves combining two or more free morphemes to form a single lexical item, such as toothbrush, blackboard, or website. This process allows for the creation of more specific or complex meanings by linking existing words.
(__) Conversion occurs when a word changes its grammatical category without any alteration in form. For example, the noun email can be used as the verb to email, or the verb to run can function as the noun a run. This strategy highlights the flexibility of English word classes.

The CORRECT sequence is: 
Alternativas
Q3650841 Inglês
In English, some words used in everyday communication are not entirely new creations, but rather shortened versions of longer forms that remain widely understood and accepted. These shortened words often become more common than their original forms, especially in informal contexts. Considering the options below, identify which one illustrates this phenomenon:
Alternativas
Q3650840 Inglês
In the teaching of English as a foreign language, the development of reading skills goes beyond the recognition of vocabulary and grammatical structures. It involves strategies that promote comprehension, inference, and critical analysis of texts. Considering contemporary approaches to English teaching, which of the following alternatives reflects the role of reading in language learning?
Alternativas
Q3650839 Inglês
During a grammar exam, students were asked to identify the option that represents a nominal phrase rather than a verbal one. Which option is correct?
Alternativas
Q3650838 Inglês
Consider the sentence below:

"Her actual plan was to pretend she was studying with her parents at the library, but they didn't realize the truth."

How many false friends are there?
Alternativas
Q3650837 Inglês
During a training session on text genres, teachers were asked to point out an example that clearly represents a written academic text genre commonly used in education. Which option is correct?
Alternativas
Q3650836 Inglês
Complete the sentence with the appropriate prepositions:
She is interested ___ learning new languages, focused ___ improving her pronunciation, and proud ___ her progress so far.
Select the correct option.
Alternativas
Q3650835 Inglês
In a classroom discussion about different types of nouns, the teacher asked students to identify which group contains only abstract nouns. Which option should they choose?
Alternativas
Q3650834 Inglês
In academic English, phrasal verbs often carry meanings that go beyond the literal combination of verb and preposition, demanding contextual interpretation.
Observe the sentence below:

"Despite the unexpected technical problems during the presentation, the team managed to ___ the challenges and deliver the project on time."

Which option correctly completes the sentence with the most appropriate phrasal verb?
Alternativas
Q3650833 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Big Data Begins to Crack the Case of Endometriosis

Records from millions of patients at University of California health centers found correlations between endometriosis, one of the most common diseases in women, and a bounty of other diseases.

By Levi Gadye

Scientists at UC San Francisco have found that endometriosis — a painful chronic disease that often goes undiagnosed yet is estimated to affect as many as 200 million women worldwide — frequently occurs alongside conditions like cancer, Crohn's disease, and migraine.

The research could improve diagnosis and, ultimately, treatments for endometriosis, preventing women from having to go on long diagnostic journeys in which they are told that nothing is wrong with them.

The study, which appeared in Cell Reports Medicine on July 31, used computational methods developed at UCSF to analyze anonymized patient records collected at the University of California's six health centers.

"We now have both the tools and the data to make a difference for the huge population that suffers from endometriosis," said Marina Sirota, PhD, the interim director of the UCSF Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute (BCHSI), professor of pediatrics, and senior author of the paper. "We hope this can spur a sea change in how we approach this disorder."

"The impact on patients' lives is huge"

Endometriosis, often called 'endo,' occurs when the endometrium, the blood-rich tissue that grows in the uterus before being expelled each month during menstruation, spreads to other nearby organs. It causes chronic pain and infertility. It is estimated that nearly 10% of women worldwide suffer from it.

"Endo is extremely debilitating," said Linda Giudice, MD, PhD, MSc, a physician-scientist in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at UCSF and co-author of the paper. "The impact on patients' lives is huge, from their interpersonal relationships to being able to hold a job, have a family, and maintain psychological wellbeing."

The gold standard to diagnose endometriosis is surgery to find endometrial tissue outside of the uterus, and it is mainly treated with hormones to suppress the menstrual cycle, or surgery to remove the excess tissue.

But not everyone responds to hormonal therapy, which can have debilitating side effects. Even after surgery, the condition can flare up. Removal of the uterus is a last-ditch measure that is usually reserved for older women; but some women continue to experience pain even after a hysterectomy.

Giudice partnered with Sirota to leverage the UC health system's anonymized patient data against endo, which can vary dramatically across patients. Both Giudice and Sirota are principal investigators at the UCSF-Stanford Endometriosis Center for Discovery, Innovation, Training and Community Engagement (ENACT).

"This data is messy; it was not collected for research purposes but for the real, human purpose of helping women who need care," Sirota said. "We had the rare chance to rigorously assess how endometriosis presents across UCSF's patient population and then ask whether these observations held true with patients seen at the other UC health centers."

Data connects the dots for understanding endometriosis

Using algorithms developed for the task, Umair Khan, a bioinformatics graduate student in Sirota's lab and first author of the paper, hunted for connections linking endometriosis with the rest of each patient's health history.

He compared endo patients with patients who did not have it, and categorized the patients with endo into groups based on shared health histories. He mapped his findings from the UCSF data against the rest of the UC's health data to see if they held up across California.

"We found over 600 correlations between endometriosis and other conditions," Khan said. "These ranged from what we already knew or suspected, like infertility, autoimmune disease, and acid-reflux, to the unexpected, like certain cancers, asthma, and eye-related diseases."

Some patients had migraines, bolstering previous studies suggesting that migraine drugs might help treat endometriosis.

"In the past, studies like this would have been nearly impossible," said Tomiko Oskotsky, MD, an investigator at ENACT, associate professor in UCSF BCHSI, and co-author of the paper. "It was only 12 years ago that de-identified electronic health records became available at this scale."

The study supports the growing understanding of endometriosis as a "multi-system" disorder — a disease arising from dysfunction throughout the body.

"This is the kind of data we need to move the needle, which hasn't moved in decades," Giudice said. "We're finally getting closer to faster diagnosis and, eventually, we hope, tailored treatment for the millions of women who suffer from endometriosis."


https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2025/07/430471/big-data-begins-crack-case -endometriosis
Which connector in the sentence "The research could improve diagnosis and, ultimately, treatments for endometriosis" indicates a relation of finality/goal?
Alternativas
Q3650832 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Big Data Begins to Crack the Case of Endometriosis

Records from millions of patients at University of California health centers found correlations between endometriosis, one of the most common diseases in women, and a bounty of other diseases.

By Levi Gadye

Scientists at UC San Francisco have found that endometriosis — a painful chronic disease that often goes undiagnosed yet is estimated to affect as many as 200 million women worldwide — frequently occurs alongside conditions like cancer, Crohn's disease, and migraine.

The research could improve diagnosis and, ultimately, treatments for endometriosis, preventing women from having to go on long diagnostic journeys in which they are told that nothing is wrong with them.

The study, which appeared in Cell Reports Medicine on July 31, used computational methods developed at UCSF to analyze anonymized patient records collected at the University of California's six health centers.

"We now have both the tools and the data to make a difference for the huge population that suffers from endometriosis," said Marina Sirota, PhD, the interim director of the UCSF Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute (BCHSI), professor of pediatrics, and senior author of the paper. "We hope this can spur a sea change in how we approach this disorder."

"The impact on patients' lives is huge"

Endometriosis, often called 'endo,' occurs when the endometrium, the blood-rich tissue that grows in the uterus before being expelled each month during menstruation, spreads to other nearby organs. It causes chronic pain and infertility. It is estimated that nearly 10% of women worldwide suffer from it.

"Endo is extremely debilitating," said Linda Giudice, MD, PhD, MSc, a physician-scientist in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at UCSF and co-author of the paper. "The impact on patients' lives is huge, from their interpersonal relationships to being able to hold a job, have a family, and maintain psychological wellbeing."

The gold standard to diagnose endometriosis is surgery to find endometrial tissue outside of the uterus, and it is mainly treated with hormones to suppress the menstrual cycle, or surgery to remove the excess tissue.

But not everyone responds to hormonal therapy, which can have debilitating side effects. Even after surgery, the condition can flare up. Removal of the uterus is a last-ditch measure that is usually reserved for older women; but some women continue to experience pain even after a hysterectomy.

Giudice partnered with Sirota to leverage the UC health system's anonymized patient data against endo, which can vary dramatically across patients. Both Giudice and Sirota are principal investigators at the UCSF-Stanford Endometriosis Center for Discovery, Innovation, Training and Community Engagement (ENACT).

"This data is messy; it was not collected for research purposes but for the real, human purpose of helping women who need care," Sirota said. "We had the rare chance to rigorously assess how endometriosis presents across UCSF's patient population and then ask whether these observations held true with patients seen at the other UC health centers."

Data connects the dots for understanding endometriosis

Using algorithms developed for the task, Umair Khan, a bioinformatics graduate student in Sirota's lab and first author of the paper, hunted for connections linking endometriosis with the rest of each patient's health history.

He compared endo patients with patients who did not have it, and categorized the patients with endo into groups based on shared health histories. He mapped his findings from the UCSF data against the rest of the UC's health data to see if they held up across California.

"We found over 600 correlations between endometriosis and other conditions," Khan said. "These ranged from what we already knew or suspected, like infertility, autoimmune disease, and acid-reflux, to the unexpected, like certain cancers, asthma, and eye-related diseases."

Some patients had migraines, bolstering previous studies suggesting that migraine drugs might help treat endometriosis.

"In the past, studies like this would have been nearly impossible," said Tomiko Oskotsky, MD, an investigator at ENACT, associate professor in UCSF BCHSI, and co-author of the paper. "It was only 12 years ago that de-identified electronic health records became available at this scale."

The study supports the growing understanding of endometriosis as a "multi-system" disorder — a disease arising from dysfunction throughout the body.

"This is the kind of data we need to move the needle, which hasn't moved in decades," Giudice said. "We're finally getting closer to faster diagnosis and, eventually, we hope, tailored treatment for the millions of women who suffer from endometriosis."


https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2025/07/430471/big-data-begins-crack-case -endometriosis
Considering the final section of the text, where Giudice states "We're finally getting closer to faster diagnosis and, eventually, tailored treatment for the millions of women who suffer from endometriosis", what does this conclusion primarily contribute to the text's coherence?
Alternativas
Q3650831 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Big Data Begins to Crack the Case of Endometriosis

Records from millions of patients at University of California health centers found correlations between endometriosis, one of the most common diseases in women, and a bounty of other diseases.

By Levi Gadye

Scientists at UC San Francisco have found that endometriosis — a painful chronic disease that often goes undiagnosed yet is estimated to affect as many as 200 million women worldwide — frequently occurs alongside conditions like cancer, Crohn's disease, and migraine.

The research could improve diagnosis and, ultimately, treatments for endometriosis, preventing women from having to go on long diagnostic journeys in which they are told that nothing is wrong with them.

The study, which appeared in Cell Reports Medicine on July 31, used computational methods developed at UCSF to analyze anonymized patient records collected at the University of California's six health centers.

"We now have both the tools and the data to make a difference for the huge population that suffers from endometriosis," said Marina Sirota, PhD, the interim director of the UCSF Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute (BCHSI), professor of pediatrics, and senior author of the paper. "We hope this can spur a sea change in how we approach this disorder."

"The impact on patients' lives is huge"

Endometriosis, often called 'endo,' occurs when the endometrium, the blood-rich tissue that grows in the uterus before being expelled each month during menstruation, spreads to other nearby organs. It causes chronic pain and infertility. It is estimated that nearly 10% of women worldwide suffer from it.

"Endo is extremely debilitating," said Linda Giudice, MD, PhD, MSc, a physician-scientist in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at UCSF and co-author of the paper. "The impact on patients' lives is huge, from their interpersonal relationships to being able to hold a job, have a family, and maintain psychological wellbeing."

The gold standard to diagnose endometriosis is surgery to find endometrial tissue outside of the uterus, and it is mainly treated with hormones to suppress the menstrual cycle, or surgery to remove the excess tissue.

But not everyone responds to hormonal therapy, which can have debilitating side effects. Even after surgery, the condition can flare up. Removal of the uterus is a last-ditch measure that is usually reserved for older women; but some women continue to experience pain even after a hysterectomy.

Giudice partnered with Sirota to leverage the UC health system's anonymized patient data against endo, which can vary dramatically across patients. Both Giudice and Sirota are principal investigators at the UCSF-Stanford Endometriosis Center for Discovery, Innovation, Training and Community Engagement (ENACT).

"This data is messy; it was not collected for research purposes but for the real, human purpose of helping women who need care," Sirota said. "We had the rare chance to rigorously assess how endometriosis presents across UCSF's patient population and then ask whether these observations held true with patients seen at the other UC health centers."

Data connects the dots for understanding endometriosis

Using algorithms developed for the task, Umair Khan, a bioinformatics graduate student in Sirota's lab and first author of the paper, hunted for connections linking endometriosis with the rest of each patient's health history.

He compared endo patients with patients who did not have it, and categorized the patients with endo into groups based on shared health histories. He mapped his findings from the UCSF data against the rest of the UC's health data to see if they held up across California.

"We found over 600 correlations between endometriosis and other conditions," Khan said. "These ranged from what we already knew or suspected, like infertility, autoimmune disease, and acid-reflux, to the unexpected, like certain cancers, asthma, and eye-related diseases."

Some patients had migraines, bolstering previous studies suggesting that migraine drugs might help treat endometriosis.

"In the past, studies like this would have been nearly impossible," said Tomiko Oskotsky, MD, an investigator at ENACT, associate professor in UCSF BCHSI, and co-author of the paper. "It was only 12 years ago that de-identified electronic health records became available at this scale."

The study supports the growing understanding of endometriosis as a "multi-system" disorder — a disease arising from dysfunction throughout the body.

"This is the kind of data we need to move the needle, which hasn't moved in decades," Giudice said. "We're finally getting closer to faster diagnosis and, eventually, we hope, tailored treatment for the millions of women who suffer from endometriosis."


https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2025/07/430471/big-data-begins-crack-case -endometriosis
In the paragraph beginning with "This data is messy; it was not collected for research purposes but for the real, human purpose of helping women who need care", which cohesive device connects the idea of limitation with contrast?
Alternativas
Q3650830 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Big Data Begins to Crack the Case of Endometriosis

Records from millions of patients at University of California health centers found correlations between endometriosis, one of the most common diseases in women, and a bounty of other diseases.

By Levi Gadye

Scientists at UC San Francisco have found that endometriosis — a painful chronic disease that often goes undiagnosed yet is estimated to affect as many as 200 million women worldwide — frequently occurs alongside conditions like cancer, Crohn's disease, and migraine.

The research could improve diagnosis and, ultimately, treatments for endometriosis, preventing women from having to go on long diagnostic journeys in which they are told that nothing is wrong with them.

The study, which appeared in Cell Reports Medicine on July 31, used computational methods developed at UCSF to analyze anonymized patient records collected at the University of California's six health centers.

"We now have both the tools and the data to make a difference for the huge population that suffers from endometriosis," said Marina Sirota, PhD, the interim director of the UCSF Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute (BCHSI), professor of pediatrics, and senior author of the paper. "We hope this can spur a sea change in how we approach this disorder."

"The impact on patients' lives is huge"

Endometriosis, often called 'endo,' occurs when the endometrium, the blood-rich tissue that grows in the uterus before being expelled each month during menstruation, spreads to other nearby organs. It causes chronic pain and infertility. It is estimated that nearly 10% of women worldwide suffer from it.

"Endo is extremely debilitating," said Linda Giudice, MD, PhD, MSc, a physician-scientist in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at UCSF and co-author of the paper. "The impact on patients' lives is huge, from their interpersonal relationships to being able to hold a job, have a family, and maintain psychological wellbeing."

The gold standard to diagnose endometriosis is surgery to find endometrial tissue outside of the uterus, and it is mainly treated with hormones to suppress the menstrual cycle, or surgery to remove the excess tissue.

But not everyone responds to hormonal therapy, which can have debilitating side effects. Even after surgery, the condition can flare up. Removal of the uterus is a last-ditch measure that is usually reserved for older women; but some women continue to experience pain even after a hysterectomy.

Giudice partnered with Sirota to leverage the UC health system's anonymized patient data against endo, which can vary dramatically across patients. Both Giudice and Sirota are principal investigators at the UCSF-Stanford Endometriosis Center for Discovery, Innovation, Training and Community Engagement (ENACT).

"This data is messy; it was not collected for research purposes but for the real, human purpose of helping women who need care," Sirota said. "We had the rare chance to rigorously assess how endometriosis presents across UCSF's patient population and then ask whether these observations held true with patients seen at the other UC health centers."

Data connects the dots for understanding endometriosis

Using algorithms developed for the task, Umair Khan, a bioinformatics graduate student in Sirota's lab and first author of the paper, hunted for connections linking endometriosis with the rest of each patient's health history.

He compared endo patients with patients who did not have it, and categorized the patients with endo into groups based on shared health histories. He mapped his findings from the UCSF data against the rest of the UC's health data to see if they held up across California.

"We found over 600 correlations between endometriosis and other conditions," Khan said. "These ranged from what we already knew or suspected, like infertility, autoimmune disease, and acid-reflux, to the unexpected, like certain cancers, asthma, and eye-related diseases."

Some patients had migraines, bolstering previous studies suggesting that migraine drugs might help treat endometriosis.

"In the past, studies like this would have been nearly impossible," said Tomiko Oskotsky, MD, an investigator at ENACT, associate professor in UCSF BCHSI, and co-author of the paper. "It was only 12 years ago that de-identified electronic health records became available at this scale."

The study supports the growing understanding of endometriosis as a "multi-system" disorder — a disease arising from dysfunction throughout the body.

"This is the kind of data we need to move the needle, which hasn't moved in decades," Giudice said. "We're finally getting closer to faster diagnosis and, eventually, we hope, tailored treatment for the millions of women who suffer from endometriosis."


https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2025/07/430471/big-data-begins-crack-case -endometriosis
Which sentence correctly identifies the verb tense in the clause "We hope this can spur a sea change in how we approach this disorder"?
Alternativas
Q3650829 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Big Data Begins to Crack the Case of Endometriosis

Records from millions of patients at University of California health centers found correlations between endometriosis, one of the most common diseases in women, and a bounty of other diseases.

By Levi Gadye

Scientists at UC San Francisco have found that endometriosis — a painful chronic disease that often goes undiagnosed yet is estimated to affect as many as 200 million women worldwide — frequently occurs alongside conditions like cancer, Crohn's disease, and migraine.

The research could improve diagnosis and, ultimately, treatments for endometriosis, preventing women from having to go on long diagnostic journeys in which they are told that nothing is wrong with them.

The study, which appeared in Cell Reports Medicine on July 31, used computational methods developed at UCSF to analyze anonymized patient records collected at the University of California's six health centers.

"We now have both the tools and the data to make a difference for the huge population that suffers from endometriosis," said Marina Sirota, PhD, the interim director of the UCSF Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute (BCHSI), professor of pediatrics, and senior author of the paper. "We hope this can spur a sea change in how we approach this disorder."

"The impact on patients' lives is huge"

Endometriosis, often called 'endo,' occurs when the endometrium, the blood-rich tissue that grows in the uterus before being expelled each month during menstruation, spreads to other nearby organs. It causes chronic pain and infertility. It is estimated that nearly 10% of women worldwide suffer from it.

"Endo is extremely debilitating," said Linda Giudice, MD, PhD, MSc, a physician-scientist in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at UCSF and co-author of the paper. "The impact on patients' lives is huge, from their interpersonal relationships to being able to hold a job, have a family, and maintain psychological wellbeing."

The gold standard to diagnose endometriosis is surgery to find endometrial tissue outside of the uterus, and it is mainly treated with hormones to suppress the menstrual cycle, or surgery to remove the excess tissue.

But not everyone responds to hormonal therapy, which can have debilitating side effects. Even after surgery, the condition can flare up. Removal of the uterus is a last-ditch measure that is usually reserved for older women; but some women continue to experience pain even after a hysterectomy.

Giudice partnered with Sirota to leverage the UC health system's anonymized patient data against endo, which can vary dramatically across patients. Both Giudice and Sirota are principal investigators at the UCSF-Stanford Endometriosis Center for Discovery, Innovation, Training and Community Engagement (ENACT).

"This data is messy; it was not collected for research purposes but for the real, human purpose of helping women who need care," Sirota said. "We had the rare chance to rigorously assess how endometriosis presents across UCSF's patient population and then ask whether these observations held true with patients seen at the other UC health centers."

Data connects the dots for understanding endometriosis

Using algorithms developed for the task, Umair Khan, a bioinformatics graduate student in Sirota's lab and first author of the paper, hunted for connections linking endometriosis with the rest of each patient's health history.

He compared endo patients with patients who did not have it, and categorized the patients with endo into groups based on shared health histories. He mapped his findings from the UCSF data against the rest of the UC's health data to see if they held up across California.

"We found over 600 correlations between endometriosis and other conditions," Khan said. "These ranged from what we already knew or suspected, like infertility, autoimmune disease, and acid-reflux, to the unexpected, like certain cancers, asthma, and eye-related diseases."

Some patients had migraines, bolstering previous studies suggesting that migraine drugs might help treat endometriosis.

"In the past, studies like this would have been nearly impossible," said Tomiko Oskotsky, MD, an investigator at ENACT, associate professor in UCSF BCHSI, and co-author of the paper. "It was only 12 years ago that de-identified electronic health records became available at this scale."

The study supports the growing understanding of endometriosis as a "multi-system" disorder — a disease arising from dysfunction throughout the body.

"This is the kind of data we need to move the needle, which hasn't moved in decades," Giudice said. "We're finally getting closer to faster diagnosis and, eventually, we hope, tailored treatment for the millions of women who suffer from endometriosis."


https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2025/07/430471/big-data-begins-crack-case -endometriosis
In the passage "The research could improve diagnosis and, ultimately, treatments for endometriosis, preventing women from having to go on long diagnostic journeys in which they are told that nothing is wrong with them", what is the main purpose of this sentence within the text's overall coherence?
Alternativas
Q3650828 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Big Data Begins to Crack the Case of Endometriosis

Records from millions of patients at University of California health centers found correlations between endometriosis, one of the most common diseases in women, and a bounty of other diseases.

By Levi Gadye

Scientists at UC San Francisco have found that endometriosis — a painful chronic disease that often goes undiagnosed yet is estimated to affect as many as 200 million women worldwide — frequently occurs alongside conditions like cancer, Crohn's disease, and migraine.

The research could improve diagnosis and, ultimately, treatments for endometriosis, preventing women from having to go on long diagnostic journeys in which they are told that nothing is wrong with them.

The study, which appeared in Cell Reports Medicine on July 31, used computational methods developed at UCSF to analyze anonymized patient records collected at the University of California's six health centers.

"We now have both the tools and the data to make a difference for the huge population that suffers from endometriosis," said Marina Sirota, PhD, the interim director of the UCSF Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute (BCHSI), professor of pediatrics, and senior author of the paper. "We hope this can spur a sea change in how we approach this disorder."

"The impact on patients' lives is huge"

Endometriosis, often called 'endo,' occurs when the endometrium, the blood-rich tissue that grows in the uterus before being expelled each month during menstruation, spreads to other nearby organs. It causes chronic pain and infertility. It is estimated that nearly 10% of women worldwide suffer from it.

"Endo is extremely debilitating," said Linda Giudice, MD, PhD, MSc, a physician-scientist in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at UCSF and co-author of the paper. "The impact on patients' lives is huge, from their interpersonal relationships to being able to hold a job, have a family, and maintain psychological wellbeing."

The gold standard to diagnose endometriosis is surgery to find endometrial tissue outside of the uterus, and it is mainly treated with hormones to suppress the menstrual cycle, or surgery to remove the excess tissue.

But not everyone responds to hormonal therapy, which can have debilitating side effects. Even after surgery, the condition can flare up. Removal of the uterus is a last-ditch measure that is usually reserved for older women; but some women continue to experience pain even after a hysterectomy.

Giudice partnered with Sirota to leverage the UC health system's anonymized patient data against endo, which can vary dramatically across patients. Both Giudice and Sirota are principal investigators at the UCSF-Stanford Endometriosis Center for Discovery, Innovation, Training and Community Engagement (ENACT).

"This data is messy; it was not collected for research purposes but for the real, human purpose of helping women who need care," Sirota said. "We had the rare chance to rigorously assess how endometriosis presents across UCSF's patient population and then ask whether these observations held true with patients seen at the other UC health centers."

Data connects the dots for understanding endometriosis

Using algorithms developed for the task, Umair Khan, a bioinformatics graduate student in Sirota's lab and first author of the paper, hunted for connections linking endometriosis with the rest of each patient's health history.

He compared endo patients with patients who did not have it, and categorized the patients with endo into groups based on shared health histories. He mapped his findings from the UCSF data against the rest of the UC's health data to see if they held up across California.

"We found over 600 correlations between endometriosis and other conditions," Khan said. "These ranged from what we already knew or suspected, like infertility, autoimmune disease, and acid-reflux, to the unexpected, like certain cancers, asthma, and eye-related diseases."

Some patients had migraines, bolstering previous studies suggesting that migraine drugs might help treat endometriosis.

"In the past, studies like this would have been nearly impossible," said Tomiko Oskotsky, MD, an investigator at ENACT, associate professor in UCSF BCHSI, and co-author of the paper. "It was only 12 years ago that de-identified electronic health records became available at this scale."

The study supports the growing understanding of endometriosis as a "multi-system" disorder — a disease arising from dysfunction throughout the body.

"This is the kind of data we need to move the needle, which hasn't moved in decades," Giudice said. "We're finally getting closer to faster diagnosis and, eventually, we hope, tailored treatment for the millions of women who suffer from endometriosis."


https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2025/07/430471/big-data-begins-crack-case -endometriosis
In the excerpt "Endometriosis, often called 'endo,' occurs when the endometrium spreads to other nearby organs", how does the adverb "often" contribute to meaning?
Alternativas
Respostas
5461: B
5462: D
5463: C
5464: A
5465: C
5466: E
5467: E
5468: C
5469: C
5470: D
5471: B
5472: A
5473: A
5474: C
5475: B
5476: A
5477: B
5478: C
5479: A
5480: E