Textual cohesion operates through linguistic mechanisms that articulate the elements of the text and contribute to the construction of meaning by the reader in the English language. Regarding textual cohesion, mark T for the true statements and F for the false statements:

(__) The use of pronouns such as "he", "she", "it", and "they" contributes to referential cohesion by resuming terms mentioned previously in the text.

(__) The integral repetition of nouns, word by word, configures the main mechanism of textual cohesion indicated for academic texts in the English language.

(__) Connectors such as "however", "therefore", and "moreover" establish logical relations between clauses and paragraphs, articulating ideas throughout the written text.

(__) Lexical substitution by synonyms and equivalent expressions compromises the clarity of the exposition and configures a resource to be avoided in contemporary proposals of written text production.

After analysis, choose the alternative that presents the correct sequence of the items above, from top to bottom:

The methodologies and approaches of English Language teaching are organized around distinct principles regarding the nature of language and of learning. Regarding these approaches, analyze the following statements:

I. The communicative approach prioritizes language use in situations of meaningful interaction, shifting the focus from the formal mastery of grammar rules to the negotiation of meanings among speakers.

II. The grammar-translation method organizes teaching around the analysis of target-language structures and the translation of texts, with little emphasis on oral practice and communicative interaction.

III. The audiolingual approach relies on repetition and structural substitution drills, grounded in behaviorist principles applied to foreign language teaching.

The correct statements are: 

Adverbs of manner in English, regularly formed by adding the suffix "-ly" to an adjective, characterize the way in which a verbal action occurs. Consider the sentence: "He drives ___ on the highway, which worries his family." Choose the alternative that presents the adverb of manner that appropriately fills the gap.

The transposition from direct to reported speech in English implies adjustments in verb tenses, pronouns, and time markers, in an operation known as "backshift". Consider the direct speech sentence: "She said, 'I am studying English now'." Choose the alternative that presents the correct form of this sentence transposed to reported speech.

Possessive pronouns in English agree with the possessor subject, and not with the object possessed. Consider the sentence: "My sister and I went to the park, and we had fun with ___ friends." Choose the alternative that correctly fills the gap with the appropriate possessive pronoun.

Modal verbs in English express notions such as obligation, possibility, permission, and ability, varying according to the communicative context. Consider the sentence: "Students ___ wear uniforms at this school; it is a mandatory rule." Choose the alternative that presents the modal that expresses obligation and appropriately fills the gap.

In English, the expression of hours varies according to the communicative context, employing structures such as "quarter past", "quarter to", and "half past". The expression "quarter past seven in the evening" corresponds, in the 24-hour format, to:

Adjectives in English present specific forms in the comparative and superlative degrees, with construction rules linked to the number of syllables and to irregular cases. Regarding the comparative and superlative degrees in the English language, analyze the following statements.

I. Short adjectives of one syllable generally form the comparative with the addition of the suffix "-er" and the superlative with the suffix "-est", as in "tall − taller − tallest".

II. Adjectives of two or more syllables generally form the comparative with "more" and the superlative with "the most", as in "beautiful − more beautiful − the most beautiful".

III. The adjective "good" presents regular forms in the comparative and superlative degrees, with "gooder" for the comparative and "the goodest" for the superlative, following the pattern of one-syllable adjectives.

The correct statements are:

Conjunctions in English establish different relations between clauses, such as addition, contrast, cause, and consequence. Consider the sentence: "She studied hard for the exam, ___ she got a low grade." Choose the alternative that presents the conjunction that appropriately fills the gap, establishing a relation of contrast between the two clauses.

Time prepositions in English — "in", "on", and "at" — follow patterns of use linked to days, hours, and parts of the day. Consider the sentence: "The meeting is scheduled ___ Monday ___ ten o'clock ___ the morning." Choose the alternative that correctly fills the gaps with the appropriate prepositions.

False cognates are words with similar spelling or pronunciation in two languages, but with distinct meanings in current use. Regarding false cognates between English and Portuguese, mark T for the true statements and F for the false statements:

(__)The word "actually", in English, means "in fact" or "in truth", differing from the Portuguese word "atualmente".

(__)The word "pretend", in English, means "to feign" or "to simulate", differing from the Portuguese verb "pretender".

(__)The word "parents", in English, corresponds to relatives in general, including uncles and cousins, in equivalent use to the Portuguese term "parentes".

(__)The word "college", in English, corresponds to "colégio" in the sense of a secondary school of Basic Education, in equivalent use to the Portuguese term. 

After analysis, choose the alternative that presents the correct sequence of the items above, from top to bottom: 

The passive voice in English is formed by the verb "to be" in the tense corresponding to the active voice, followed by the past participle of the main verb. Consider the active sentence: "The team will finish the project next week." Choose the alternative that presents the correct form of the sentence in the passive voice.

The use of articles in English involves distinctions between "the" (definite) and "a/an" (indefinite), as well as sound-based rules for the use of "a" and "an". Consider the sentence: "___ sun rises in the east, and watching it from a mountain top is ___ unique experience." Choose the alternative that correctly fills the gaps.

Irregular verbs in English present specific forms in the simple past and in the past participle, not following the regular pattern of the "-ed" ending. Considering this characteristic, choose the alternative that correctly presents the past participle of the verb "go", used in the structure of the present perfect tense.

Read the following notice, posted at the entrance of a public library: "Silence, please. Mobile phones must be switched off during your visit. Thank you for your cooperation." Based on reading strategies and on the recognition of specific information in the textual genre, choose the alternative that correctly identifies the main communicative purpose of the text.

Teacher planning articulates the stages of pedagogical work and guides decision-making regarding objectives, content, methodologies, and assessment. Considering the dynamics and processes of teacher planning, choose the correct alternative.

The linguistic variation of the English Language encompasses differences in use linked to region, social context, and medium of communication, including digital environments where netspeak emerges. Regarding this topic, mark T for the true statements and F for the false statements:

(__) English, as a global language, constitutes a standardized international norm, adopted uniformly in all English-speaking countries, with equivalent everyday uses among the different speech communities.

(__) Netspeak integrates abbreviations, acronyms, and emoticons as resources of digital communication, configuring a register that coexists with other registers of the language in distinct contexts of use.

(__) The reflection on linguistic variation and on English as a global language, in school teaching, contributes to the recognition of the plurality of uses of the language in different social and cultural contexts.

(__) The variations of English spoken in different regions of the world configure deviations from a pure norm of British English and must be corrected in the teaching and learning process of the language.

After analysis, choose the alternative that presents the correct sequence of the items above, from top to bottom:

English Language teaching presupposes the articulated development of different linguistic skills by the learner. Regarding the teaching of the four skills — reading, listening, speaking, and writing — mark T for the true statements and F for the false statements:

(__) Reading in a foreign language develops through exposure to varied textual genres, with activities that mobilize different comprehension strategies.

(__) Oral production in the classroom is favored by activities that create contexts of meaningful interaction among students and set clear communicative goals for speaking.

(__) Listening skill develops properly through the memorization of word lists in alphabetical order, a method consolidated in current curricular proposals for language teaching.

(__) Written production benefits from proposals that combine the reading of textual models, the planning of the text to be produced, and collaborative revision with peers and teacher.

After analysis, choose the alternative that presents the correct sequence of the items above, from top to bottom:

Verb tenses in English express different temporal and aspectual relations, indicating when and how an action occurs. Consider the sentence: "By the time the teacher arrived, the students had already finished the activity." The verb tense used in the second clause expresses: 

Durante um evento esportivo escolar, foram vendidos x ingressos inteiros e y reduzidos, totalizando 40 unidades e arrecadação de R$260,00. O valor do ingresso inteiro era R$8,00, enquanto o reduzido custava R$5,00. Considerando a modelagem por sistema linear, analise as afirmações a seguir relacionadas à resolução do problema:

I. O sistema que representa a situação pode ser escrito como x + y = 40 e 8x + 5y = 260.

II. A equação que representa o valor de y pode ser escrita como y = 40 + x.

III. Foram vendidos o mesmo número de ingressos inteiros e reduzidos.

IV. O número de ingressos inteiros vendidos é igual a 20 unidades.

Está CORRETO o que se afirma em: