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Q4091810
Português Interpretação de Textos , Significação Contextual de Palavras e Expressões. Sinônimos e Antônimos. , Coesão e coerência , Sintaxe , Uso dos conectivos
Ano: 2025 Banca: CONSULPAM Órgão: Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE Provas: CONSULPAM - 2025 - Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE - Professor de Educação Infantil | CONSULPAM - 2025 - Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE - Professor de Ensino Fundamental I - Pedagogia | CONSULPAM - 2025 - Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE - Professor de Ensino Fundamental II - Língua Portuguesa | CONSULPAM - 2025 - Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE - Professor de Ensino Fundamental II - Matemática | CONSULPAM - 2025 - Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE - Professor de Ensino Fundamental II - Língua Estrangeira (Inglês) | CONSULPAM - 2025 - Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE - Professor de Ensino Fundamental II - Ciências | CONSULPAM - 2025 - Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE - Professor de Ensino Fundamental II - Educação Física | CONSULPAM - 2025 - Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE - Professor de Artes | CONSULPAM - 2025 - Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE - Professor de Libras | CONSULPAM - 2025 - Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE - Professor de Ensino Fundamental II - Música | CONSULPAM - 2025 - Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE - Professor de Ensino Fundamental II - História | CONSULPAM - 2025 - Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE - Professor de Ensino Fundamental II - Geografia |
Q4091810 Português
TEXTO

HANS STADEN, O AVENTUREIRO QUE APRESENTOU O BRASIL À EUROPA


   Era um tempo em que o lado americano do mundo era um universo misterioso, novo e instigante para o povo europeu. Então foi publicado um livro em que o autor-protagonista não só conta sobre fauna, flora e geografia dessas terras desconhecidas como ainda descreve o dia a dia, os costumes e as tradições de pessoas canibais, relatando ele próprio ter sido prisioneiro delas por nove meses.

  Não é à toa que o aventureiro mercenário alemão Hans Staden (1525-1576) se tornou tão importante. “Seu livro se tornou a única fonte de informação sobre esta parte do mundo”, diz a tradutora e editora Vanete Santana-Dezmann, pesquisadora colaboradora do Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo.

   Isto porque, embora o escrivão Pero Vaz de Caminha (1450-1500) tenha registrado as primeiras impressões portuguesas no hoje território brasileiro, seus escritos ficaram por muito tempo restritos, sem terem sido publicados ao público em geral. Isso, aliás, torna a obra do aventureiro alemão ainda mais original. Conforme pontua o brasilianista alemão Franz Obermeier, em artigo acadêmico publicado em 2011, “o acesso de Staden a manuscritos sobre o Brasil é improvável”.

   A Verdadeira História dos Selvagens, Nus e Ferozes Devoradores de Homens, Encontrados no Novo Mundo, a América – também conhecida como Duas Viagens Ao Brasil – foi publicada em 1557 na antiga versão da Feira do Livro de Frankfurt e logo despertou a atenção do incipiente mercado editorial europeu.

  Esses “selvagens, nus e ferozes” antropófagos eram os tupinambás, também chamados de tamoios, grupo indígena que acabou completamente exterminado pelos colonizadores. Assim como a carta de Caminha, o relato de Staden traz a “marca de um relato inaugural, de notícia primeira, de abertura de um mundo de novas e até então inimagináveis possibilidades”, define a historiadora Miriam Elvira Junghans, doutora pela Casa de Oswaldo Cruz da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz.

  “As leituras feitas atualmente [da obra] procuram entendê-la a partir do contexto em que foi produzida: tratava-se de um homem do século 16, envolvido na empresa de expansão dos horizontes geográficos e do conhecimento sobre o mundo na qual o Ocidente se empenhou [na época]”, contextualiza a pesquisadora. “As expectativas sobre esse ‘novo mundo’ se traduziam, em especial, em formas de diferenciação, de estranhamento muito fortes.”

    É por isso que, explica ela, a narração dos “rituais de canibalismo praticados pelos tupinambás […] ressoaram intensamente no mundo europeu”.

   “O livro tornou-se um best-seller. No primeiro ano já teve uma segunda edição, lembrando que a impressão de livros em grande escala ainda era uma novidade na época”, afirma a historiadora Daniela Rothfuss, coordenadora cultural do Instituto Martius-Staden. “É preciso lembrar que as experiências vividas por Staden eram, até então, completamente desconhecidas na Europa do século 16.”

    De acordo com Rothfuss, entre 1625 e 1736, o relato do aventureiro foi publicado 16 vezes, “com traduções para várias línguas europeias”. Em português, a primeira tradução só foi publicada no século 19. “Este relato era interessante não só para dirigentes de nações europeias que tinham interesse comercial e econômico nessa parte do mundo, mas também a qualquer pessoa que tivesse curiosidade em saber sobre esse local então desconhecido”, diz Santana-Dezmann.

   Nascido há 500 anos em Homberg, hoje Alemanha – a data exata é desconhecida; sabe-se apenas o ano –, Staden esteve na então América portuguesa duas vezes entre 1548 e 1555. Na primeira, lutou junto a portugueses contra indígenas no Nordeste e, em seguida, contra franceses a bordo de um navio.

    Na outra viagem, o plano era chegar ao Rio da Prata, mas dois naufrágios sucessivos alteraram o destino. O primeiro fez com que Staden e o grupo ficassem por dois anos no atual litoral catarinense. De lá, embarcou com destino a São Vicente – um novo naufrágio ocorreu na região de Itanhaém.

   Staden acabou contratado pelos colonos portugueses para atuar como guarda artilheiro no Forte de São Filipe da Bertioga. “Ele manobrava canhão”, conta a pesquisadora Santana-Dezmann. Foi por conta desse trabalho de defesa que o aventureiro acabou capturado e aprisionado por indígenas tupinambás, que pretendiam devorá-lo em um ritual antropofágico.

   Durante nove meses foi prisioneiro dos nativos, que o preparavam para o ato canibal. Depois de diversas tentativas infrutíferas ao longo de mais de nove meses, conseguiu escapar: foi resgatado por um navio pirata francês. “Além de Hans Staden, ninguém nunca coletou informações tão precisas sobre os hábitos de uma tribo canibal”, afirma Santana-Dezmann.

    Na interpretação da pesquisadora, Staden só conseguiu escapar porque durante o período em que esteve preso demonstrou que não tinha as características desejadas pelos tupinambás – que acreditavam que a antropofagia era uma maneira de absorver qualidades do inimigo. Ele chorava quando rezava pedindo ajuda de Deus e em diversos episódios deu demonstrações de covardia, medo e fraquezas morais como o exercício da mentira. “Os tupinambás simplesmente perderam o interesse pela carne e pelas características de Staden”, resume ela.

  Suas experiências, únicas sob a perspectiva europeia da época, acabaram dando origem ao impressionante relato. Que, segundo o professor Augusto Rodrigues, arquivista e pesquisador no Instituto Martius-Staden, se tornou “importante referência da época” porque conta com “informações antropológicas, sociológicas, linguísticas, culturais e biológicas sobre indígenas da costa do Brasil, assim como dados geográficos da região, e foram relatos pioneiros, por assim dizer”.

   Curiosamente, a ideia inicial de Staden não era vir para o Brasil colonial. “Foi completamente por acaso. Ele queria aventura, mas estava pensando nas Índias Orientais, encantado pelas histórias daquela civilização milenar”, conta Santana-Dezmann. Mas quando ele soube que naquele ano todas as expedições para esse lugar já tinham partido, acabou embarcando na primeira oportunidade que lhe parecesse interessante o suficiente.

   “O relato de Staden não é visto em termos de verdadeiro ou falso, mas sim de significados. Dos significados do que descreveu para o mundo no qual vivia e para o mundo no qual vivemos agora”, pondera Junghans.

   O fascínio despertado pelo livro de Staden acabou criando no imaginário uma ideia de Brasil. O que precisa ser entendido com muitas ressalvas, é verdade. Primeiro porque o Brasil nem existia como nação – Staden esteve na colônia portuguesa localizada na América, um embrião do Brasil. Além disso, suas experiências foram localizadas, não compreendendo a diversidade dos povos indígenas que viviam no território. Por fim, era uma perspectiva que partia exclusivamente do ponto de vista de um homem branco europeu.

   Na avaliação de Rothfuss, a obra se popularizou justamente por falar “sobre um mundo novo e desconhecido para eles [europeus], tão exótico e primitivo, por isso fascinante”. No contexto da contrarreforma religiosa, também pesou o apelo protestante da obra – Staden atribui à ajuda de Deus a sua sobrevivência e, sendo ele um luterano, seu discurso não deixava de funcionar como uma propaganda cristã não-católica. “São descrições em primeira mão sobre a vida, as crenças e os costumes dos indígenas da época, feitas por um europeu eurocentrista. Isto, entre outras coisas, suscita uma análise crítica do discurso ‘europeu civilizado vs. indígena selvagem’”, comenta Rodrigues.

   O legado está presente até hoje, o que justifica Staden ser lembrado cinco séculos após seu nascimento. Além de diversos estudos acadêmicos, a obra foi adaptada para o público infanto-juvenil pelo escritor Monteiro Lobato (1882-1948). Junghans lembra ainda que essa narrativa ecoou em movimentos como o modernismo e o tropicalismo.

   “O livro traz Brasil no nome, embora Brasil como nação ainda não existisse. Mas ficou a impressão, no mundo inteiro, de que aquilo que o Hans Staden narrava se referia aos hábitos do Brasil”, analisa Santana-Dezmann. “Historicamente, acabou se tornando referência dos hábitos brasileiros.”

   Em seu doutorado, defendido em 2007 na Universidade Estadual de Campinas, a pesquisadora estudou justamente esse imaginário criado. Para ela, o livro acabou contribuindo para a construção “da identidade nacional brasileira” na perspectiva do europeu. “Até hoje somos vistos como selvagens puros […]. Não é uma definição desejável para a sociedade dita civilizada, porque somos canibais, ainda que hoje só metaforicamente. O brasileiro ainda é visto na Europa como essa coisa carnavalesca, cheia de plumas coloridas na cabeça […], esse ser meio em estado infantil que não tem muita noção das coisas, que não tem muita instrução.”


Disponível em: <https://www.dw.com/pt-br/hans-stadeno-aventureiro-que-apresentou-o-brasil-à-europa/a71617647>. Adaptado. Acesso em: 08 de setembro de
2025.
Assinale a alternativa CORRETA em relação ao uso da palavra ‘aliás’ no trecho: “Isso, aliás, torna a obra do aventureiro alemão ainda mais original”.
Alternativas
Q4037211
Inglês Tradução | Translation ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037211 Inglês
A translator is adapting an academic English article for publication in Portuguese. The original text uses passive voice, nominalisations, and impersonal tone. Which procedure ensures both textual cohesion and stylistic adequacy in the Portuguese version?
Alternativas
Q4037210
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037210 Inglês
Read the passage from A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916, p. 296):

"The past is consumed in the present and the present is living only because it brings forth the future."

This statement reflects a central feature of Modernist narrative technique by illustrating:
Alternativas
Q4037209
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037209 Inglês
In Hard Times (1854), Charles Dickens contrasts two educational philosophies through the characters of Mr. Gradgrind and Sissy Jupe. This contrast primarily serves to:
Alternativas
Q4037208
Inglês Formação de palavras (prefixos e sufixos) | Word formation (prefix and suffix) ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037208 Inglês
In English lexicology, understanding how words are formed and related is essential for analysing vocabulary expansion and semantic change. When the word "unbelievable" is examined from a morphological perspective, which process best describes its formation and lexical structure? 
Alternativas
Q4037207
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037207 Inglês
Read the excerpt from William Wordsworth's Preface to Lyrical Ballads (1802, p.148):

"Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility: the emotion is contemplated till, by a species of reaction, the tranquility gradually disappears, and an emotion, kindred to that which was before the subject of contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the mind."

Based on this statement, Wordsworth's conception of poetry emphasizes:
Alternativas
Q4037206
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037206 Inglês
In Seamus Heaney's Digging (1966, p.1-2), the poet writes:

"Between my finger and my thumb  
The squat pen rests.
I'll dig with it."

The metaphor of "digging" in this poem primarily conveys:
Alternativas
Q4037205
Literatura Teoria Literária ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037205 Literatura
In Things Fall Apart (1958), Chinua Achebe reconfigures the English novel form to represent Igbo culture from within. This strategy exemplifies which key concept of postcolonial theory?
Alternativas
Q4037204
Inglês Tradução | Translation ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037204 Inglês
When translating from English into Portuguese, certain idiomatic expressions resist literal transfer due to cultural specificity. According to modern translation theory, which strategy best addresses cases where semantic equivalence is impossible, but functional equivalence can be achieved?
Alternativas
Q4037203
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037203 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

We can learn a lot from Troy's trash

Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true story is written in something far less glamorous − its rubbish.

When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for romance and heroism.

But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things away. And they did it right where they lived.

Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping grounds for generations.

Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.

Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle, sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined daily life and refuse management were.

This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism. In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems, managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic − effort.

The excavations I have worked on as part of the University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity.

Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove.

Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives. These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how the city changed over time. Some capture hearth cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city quarters.

By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars, grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be a carefully structured map of everyday routines − showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and discarded objects left behind.

The story these remains tell is one of profound transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming, herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a thriving regional centre.

The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools emerge alongside monumental architecture. some buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing ambitions and expanding capabilities.

This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people dealt with what they left behind. Waste management became more organised, with designated areas for different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in how the community structured space and managed its economy. 

Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic slowdown or political instability.

Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC, the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the palaces.

These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation. The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.

Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals, from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.

Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far less about early Troy's people. Their depth and composition trace changes in economy, technology, and social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards, waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban complexity.

So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates, remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their city smelled very human.


https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613 
Read the following passage:

"Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove."

The expression "treasure trove" in this sentence most likely refers to:
Alternativas
Q4037202
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037202 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

We can learn a lot from Troy's trash

Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true story is written in something far less glamorous − its rubbish.

When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for romance and heroism.

But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things away. And they did it right where they lived.

Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping grounds for generations.

Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.

Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle, sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined daily life and refuse management were.

This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism. In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems, managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic − effort.

The excavations I have worked on as part of the University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity.

Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove.

Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives. These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how the city changed over time. Some capture hearth cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city quarters.

By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars, grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be a carefully structured map of everyday routines − showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and discarded objects left behind.

The story these remains tell is one of profound transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming, herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a thriving regional centre.

The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools emerge alongside monumental architecture. some buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing ambitions and expanding capabilities.

This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people dealt with what they left behind. Waste management became more organised, with designated areas for different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in how the community structured space and managed its economy. 

Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic slowdown or political instability.

Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC, the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the palaces.

These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation. The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.

Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals, from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.

Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far less about early Troy's people. Their depth and composition trace changes in economy, technology, and social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards, waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban complexity.

So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates, remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their city smelled very human.


https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613 
Regarding the text, judge the statements below.

I. The author employs a multidisciplinary analytical approach to waste archaeology, examining quantitative ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration levels, and the spatial distribution of artifacts such as storage jars and grinding stones to identify functional areas within the ancient city, thereby transforming seemingly chaotic refuse deposits into structured maps of daily activities including food preparation, craft production, and storage practices.

II. The text demonstrates that exotic imported materials such as carnelian and lapis lazuli found within Troy's refuse layers serve exclusively as indicators of aesthetic preferences and artistic tastes of Bronze Age inhabitants, having no significant implications for understanding trade networks, economic development, or the city's integration into broader regional exchange systems during its transformation from agrarian settlement to regional centre.

III. The archaeological evidence presented suggests that Troy's mid-second millennium BC revival, characterized by refined ceramics, luxury imports, and increased social complexity, represents the same settlement phase that Homer later immortalized in the Iliad, where Greek warriors confronted massive accumulated debris mounds while attempting to reach the palaces during the legendary Trojan War.

The following statement(s) is/are CORRECT:
Alternativas
Q4037201
Pedagogia Temas Educacionais Pedagógicos , Interdisciplinaridade e Contextualização , Currículo (Teoria e Prática) , Currículo, interdisciplinaridade, transversalidade e a transdisciplinaridade , Currículo: planejamento, seleção e organização dos conteúdos , Teorias e Práticas para o Ensino de Língua Estrangeira
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037201 Pedagogia
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

We can learn a lot from Troy's trash

Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true story is written in something far less glamorous − its rubbish.

When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for romance and heroism.

But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things away. And they did it right where they lived.

Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping grounds for generations.

Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.

Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle, sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined daily life and refuse management were.

This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism. In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems, managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic − effort.

The excavations I have worked on as part of the University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity.

Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove.

Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives. These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how the city changed over time. Some capture hearth cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city quarters.

By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars, grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be a carefully structured map of everyday routines − showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and discarded objects left behind.

The story these remains tell is one of profound transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming, herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a thriving regional centre.

The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools emerge alongside monumental architecture. some buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing ambitions and expanding capabilities.

This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people dealt with what they left behind. Waste management became more organised, with designated areas for different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in how the community structured space and managed its economy. 

Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic slowdown or political instability.

Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC, the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the palaces.

These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation. The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.

Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals, from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.

Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far less about early Troy's people. Their depth and composition trace changes in economy, technology, and social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards, waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban complexity.

So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates, remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their city smelled very human.


https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613 
Consider the following pedagogical scenario:

An English teacher at a Brazilian public high school is designing a lesson sequence using the text "We can learn a lot from Troy's trash" to develop reading comprehension, critical literacy, and intercultural competence aligned with Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) competencies. The class consists of intermediate-level students (B1) with varied interests in history, science, and humanities. The teacher wants to create activities that integrate authentic material, develop higher-order thinking skills (analysis, synthesis, evaluation), promote collaborative learning, and connect the text's themes (archaeology, material culture, historical interpretation) to students' lived experiences and Brazilian context. Considering contemporary language teaching methodologies including task-based learning, content and language integrated learning (CLIL), and critical pedagogy principles emphasized by BNCC, which instructional approach demonstrates the pedagogically sound and theoretically grounded practice?
Alternativas
Q4037200
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037200 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

We can learn a lot from Troy's trash

Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true story is written in something far less glamorous − its rubbish.

When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for romance and heroism.

But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things away. And they did it right where they lived.

Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping grounds for generations.

Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.

Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle, sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined daily life and refuse management were.

This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism. In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems, managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic − effort.

The excavations I have worked on as part of the University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity.

Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove.

Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives. These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how the city changed over time. Some capture hearth cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city quarters.

By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars, grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be a carefully structured map of everyday routines − showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and discarded objects left behind.

The story these remains tell is one of profound transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming, herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a thriving regional centre.

The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools emerge alongside monumental architecture. some buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing ambitions and expanding capabilities.

This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people dealt with what they left behind. Waste management became more organised, with designated areas for different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in how the community structured space and managed its economy. 

Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic slowdown or political instability.

Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC, the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the palaces.

These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation. The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.

Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals, from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.

Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far less about early Troy's people. Their depth and composition trace changes in economy, technology, and social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards, waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban complexity.

So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates, remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their city smelled very human.


https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613 
Read the excerpt from the text:

"Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity."

In this context, the word "unfiltered" most nearly means:
Alternativas
Q4037199
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037199 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

We can learn a lot from Troy's trash

Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true story is written in something far less glamorous − its rubbish.

When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for romance and heroism.

But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things away. And they did it right where they lived.

Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping grounds for generations.

Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.

Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle, sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined daily life and refuse management were.

This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism. In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems, managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic − effort.

The excavations I have worked on as part of the University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity.

Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove.

Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives. These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how the city changed over time. Some capture hearth cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city quarters.

By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars, grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be a carefully structured map of everyday routines − showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and discarded objects left behind.

The story these remains tell is one of profound transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming, herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a thriving regional centre.

The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools emerge alongside monumental architecture. some buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing ambitions and expanding capabilities.

This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people dealt with what they left behind. Waste management became more organised, with designated areas for different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in how the community structured space and managed its economy. 

Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic slowdown or political instability.

Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC, the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the palaces.

These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation. The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.

Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals, from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.

Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far less about early Troy's people. Their depth and composition trace changes in economy, technology, and social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards, waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban complexity.

So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates, remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their city smelled very human.


https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613 
Judge the sentences below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) regarding the interpretation and comprehension of the text "We can learn a lot from Troy's trash."

(__) The text argues that waste management in Bronze Age Troy was chaotic and disorganized, reflecting the inhabitants' lack of concern for hygiene and sanitation, which contrasts sharply with modern systematic waste disposal practices that emerged only in contemporary urban civilizations.
(__) According to the author's archaeological analysis, the 15 meters of accumulated debris and nine major building phases visible at Troy reveal deliberate spatial organization of waste disposal, where the location and composition of refuse deposits provide insights into social status, community boundaries, and the evolution of economic activities over nearly 2,000 years.
(__) The text suggests that Troy experienced continuous linear growth throughout the Bronze Age, with no periods of decline or economic contraction, as evidenced by increasingly elaborate architecture, expanding trade networks, and progressively sophisticated waste management systems maintained consistently across all archaeological layers.

The CORRECT sequence is: 
Alternativas
Q4037198
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037198 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

We can learn a lot from Troy's trash

Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true story is written in something far less glamorous − its rubbish.

When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for romance and heroism.

But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things away. And they did it right where they lived.

Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping grounds for generations.

Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.

Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle, sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined daily life and refuse management were.

This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism. In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems, managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic − effort.

The excavations I have worked on as part of the University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity.

Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove.

Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives. These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how the city changed over time. Some capture hearth cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city quarters.

By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars, grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be a carefully structured map of everyday routines − showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and discarded objects left behind.

The story these remains tell is one of profound transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming, herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a thriving regional centre.

The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools emerge alongside monumental architecture. some buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing ambitions and expanding capabilities.

This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people dealt with what they left behind. Waste management became more organised, with designated areas for different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in how the community structured space and managed its economy. 

Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic slowdown or political instability.

Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC, the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the palaces.

These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation. The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.

Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals, from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.

Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far less about early Troy's people. Their depth and composition trace changes in economy, technology, and social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards, waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban complexity.

So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates, remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their city smelled very human.


https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613 
Consider the following excerpt:

"Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove. Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives."

An English teacher preparing reading comprehension activities for intermediate Brazilian students analyzes this passage to identify vocabulary and conceptual challenges. Regarding lexical comprehension, idiomatic expressions, and the relationship between linguistic form and archaeological content, which pedagogical analysis is accurate?
Alternativas
Q4037197
Inglês Análise sintática | Syntax Parsing ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037197 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

We can learn a lot from Troy's trash

Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true story is written in something far less glamorous − its rubbish.

When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for romance and heroism.

But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things away. And they did it right where they lived.

Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping grounds for generations.

Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.

Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle, sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined daily life and refuse management were.

This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism. In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems, managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic − effort.

The excavations I have worked on as part of the University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity.

Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove.

Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives. These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how the city changed over time. Some capture hearth cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city quarters.

By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars, grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be a carefully structured map of everyday routines − showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and discarded objects left behind.

The story these remains tell is one of profound transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming, herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a thriving regional centre.

The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools emerge alongside monumental architecture. some buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing ambitions and expanding capabilities.

This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people dealt with what they left behind. Waste management became more organised, with designated areas for different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in how the community structured space and managed its economy. 

Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic slowdown or political instability.

Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC, the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the palaces.

These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation. The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.

Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals, from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.

Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far less about early Troy's people. Their depth and composition trace changes in economy, technology, and social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards, waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban complexity.

So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates, remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their city smelled very human.


https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613 
Regarding the text, judge the statements below.

I. The sentence "Where people chose to dump, or not to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and community boundaries" contains a concessive type (free relative clause) functioning as the direct object of the verb "speaks," where "where" introduces a clause with an implicit antecedent referring back to "volumes," and this construction is identical to adverbial clauses of place which modify verbs rather than function as noun phrase equivalents.

II. The complex sentence "Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste" demonstrates a non-finite participial clause ("Having spent...") functioning as an adverbial of reason or temporal background, with the perfect aspect "having spent" indicating that the action of the participle preceded the main clause verb "learned," though the sentence contains a grammatical error with missing preposition "from" or "in" before "this waste."

III. The structure "What appears chaotic turns out to be a carefully structured map" exemplifies a pseudo-cleft (wh-cleft) sentence construction that foregrounds information by moving it to subject position, creating emphasis on "what appears chaotic" while the predicate provides the surprising revelation, and this syntactic pattern is commonly employed in academic writing to manage information flow and create rhetorical impact.

The following statement(s) is/are CORRECT:
Alternativas
Q4037196
Inglês Formação de palavras (prefixos e sufixos) | Word formation (prefix and suffix) ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037196 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

We can learn a lot from Troy's trash

Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true story is written in something far less glamorous − its rubbish.

When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for romance and heroism.

But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things away. And they did it right where they lived.

Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping grounds for generations.

Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.

Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle, sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined daily life and refuse management were.

This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism. In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems, managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic − effort.

The excavations I have worked on as part of the University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity.

Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove.

Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives. These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how the city changed over time. Some capture hearth cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city quarters.

By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars, grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be a carefully structured map of everyday routines − showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and discarded objects left behind.

The story these remains tell is one of profound transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming, herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a thriving regional centre.

The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools emerge alongside monumental architecture. some buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing ambitions and expanding capabilities.

This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people dealt with what they left behind. Waste management became more organised, with designated areas for different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in how the community structured space and managed its economy. 

Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic slowdown or political instability.

Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC, the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the palaces.

These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation. The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.

Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals, from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.

Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far less about early Troy's people. Their depth and composition trace changes in economy, technology, and social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards, waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban complexity.

So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates, remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their city smelled very human.


https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613 
Judge the sentences below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) regarding morphological analysis and word formation processes:

(__) The compound noun "search history" in the metaphor "Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history" exemplifies an endocentric compound where "history" functions as the head determining the grammatical category, while "search" acts as a modifier specifying the type of history, and this word formation pattern is highly productive in contemporary English, particularly in technology-related vocabulary.
(__) The adjective "unfiltered" in "unfiltered clarity" is formed through derivational morphology by attaching the negative prefix "un-" to the past participle "filtered," creating a word meaning "not filtered" or "without filtration," and this same prefix demonstrates consistent phonological behavior across all English words, always being pronounced /?n/ regardless of the phonological environment of the base word it attaches to. 
(__) The phrase "trash heaps" contains two free morphemes that can function independently as words, whereas "heroism" in "the city is remembered as a stage for romance and heroism" contains the bound morpheme "-ism" (denoting doctrine, practice, or condition) attached to the base "hero," exemplifying derivational suffixation that changes the word class from noun to abstract noun while adding semantic content related to qualities or principles.

The CORRECT sequence is: 
Alternativas
Q4037195
Inglês Análise sintática | Syntax Parsing ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037195 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

We can learn a lot from Troy's trash

Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true story is written in something far less glamorous − its rubbish.

When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for romance and heroism.

But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things away. And they did it right where they lived.

Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping grounds for generations.

Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.

Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle, sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined daily life and refuse management were.

This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism. In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems, managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic − effort.

The excavations I have worked on as part of the University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity.

Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove.

Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives. These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how the city changed over time. Some capture hearth cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city quarters.

By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars, grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be a carefully structured map of everyday routines − showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and discarded objects left behind.

The story these remains tell is one of profound transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming, herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a thriving regional centre.

The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools emerge alongside monumental architecture. some buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing ambitions and expanding capabilities.

This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people dealt with what they left behind. Waste management became more organised, with designated areas for different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in how the community structured space and managed its economy. 

Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic slowdown or political instability.

Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC, the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the palaces.

These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation. The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.

Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals, from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.

Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far less about early Troy's people. Their depth and composition trace changes in economy, technology, and social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards, waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban complexity.

So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates, remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their city smelled very human.


https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613 
Read the excerpt below:

"What appears chaotic turns out to be a carefully structured map of everyday routines."

Grammatically, the underlined structure "What appears chaotic" functions as: 
Alternativas
Q4037194
Inglês Tradução | Translation ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037194 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

We can learn a lot from Troy's trash

Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true story is written in something far less glamorous − its rubbish.

When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for romance and heroism.

But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things away. And they did it right where they lived.

Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping grounds for generations.

Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.

Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle, sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined daily life and refuse management were.

This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism. In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems, managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic − effort.

The excavations I have worked on as part of the University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity.

Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove.

Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives. These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how the city changed over time. Some capture hearth cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city quarters.

By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars, grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be a carefully structured map of everyday routines − showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and discarded objects left behind.

The story these remains tell is one of profound transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming, herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a thriving regional centre.

The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools emerge alongside monumental architecture. some buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing ambitions and expanding capabilities.

This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people dealt with what they left behind. Waste management became more organised, with designated areas for different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in how the community structured space and managed its economy. 

Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic slowdown or political instability.

Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC, the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the palaces.

These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation. The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.

Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals, from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.

Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far less about early Troy's people. Their depth and composition trace changes in economy, technology, and social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards, waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban complexity.

So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates, remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their city smelled very human.


https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613 
Read the excerpt below:

"Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping grounds for generations."

A professional translator working on a Brazilian Portuguese edition of this archaeological text must address the idiomatic expression "out of sight, out of mind" and decide between maintaining the English idiom with explanatory footnote, creating a culturally equivalent Portuguese idiom, or providing a descriptive translation. When considering translation strategies that balance semantic fidelity, cultural accessibility, and stylistic naturalness for Brazilian readers while preserving the author's rhetorical impact, the appropriate translation approach would be: 
Alternativas
Q4037193
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: UNIVALI Órgão: Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC Prova: UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037193 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

We can learn a lot from Troy's trash

Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true story is written in something far less glamorous − its rubbish.

When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for romance and heroism.

But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things away. And they did it right where they lived.

Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping grounds for generations.

Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.

Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle, sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined daily life and refuse management were.

This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism. In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems, managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic − effort.

The excavations I have worked on as part of the University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity.

Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove.

Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives. These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how the city changed over time. Some capture hearth cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city quarters.

By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars, grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be a carefully structured map of everyday routines − showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and discarded objects left behind.

The story these remains tell is one of profound transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming, herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a thriving regional centre.

The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools emerge alongside monumental architecture. some buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing ambitions and expanding capabilities.

This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people dealt with what they left behind. Waste management became more organised, with designated areas for different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in how the community structured space and managed its economy. 

Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic slowdown or political instability.

Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC, the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the palaces.

These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation. The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.

Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals, from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.

Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far less about early Troy's people. Their depth and composition trace changes in economy, technology, and social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards, waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban complexity.

So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates, remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their city smelled very human.


https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613 
Read the excerpt below:

"Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage."

An English teacher analyzing this metaphorical statement with advanced students examines how the author employs contemporary digital-age imagery to explain archaeological methodology. When discussing the rhetorical effectiveness of comparing ancient waste deposits to modern "search history" and the implicit critique of literary sources versus material evidence, the most accurate interpretation of the author's argumentative strategy is that _________________.

Fill in the blank above and select the correct alternative.
Alternativas
Respostas
2741: C
2742: B
2743: D
2744: D
2745: C
2746: A
2747: C
2748: A
2749: B
2750: A
2751: C
2752: B
2753: D
2754: C
2755: D
2756: A
2757: D
2758: C
2759: A
2760: C
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