Read the excerpt from the text: "Waste is the diary no one ...
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Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037200
Inglês
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We can learn a lot from Troy's trash
Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true
story is written in something far less glamorous − its
rubbish.
When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant
deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to
Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for
romance and heroism.
But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on
the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived
ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They
built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things
away. And they did it right where they lived.
Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out
of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash
stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping
grounds for generations.
Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and
analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.
Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle,
sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast
quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human
waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level
floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined
daily life and refuse management were.
This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism.
In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems,
managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a
collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic
− effort.
The excavations I have worked on as part of the
University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been
going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate
these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not
to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and
community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant
to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life
with unfiltered clarity.
Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's
treasure trove.
Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters
of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major
building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin
layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives.
These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how
the city changed over time. Some capture hearth
cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city
quarters.
By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to
pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars,
grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of
activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage
areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be
a carefully structured map of everyday routines −
showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and
discarded objects left behind.
The story these remains tell is one of profound
transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian
settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming,
herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a
thriving regional centre.
The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long
arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such
as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing
distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools
emerge alongside monumental architecture. some
buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing
ambitions and expanding capabilities.
This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander
buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people
dealt with what they left behind. Waste management
became more organised, with designated areas for
different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in
how the community structured space and managed its
economy.
Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third
millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller
appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories
shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic
slowdown or political instability.
Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC,
the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and
evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of
recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later
became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek
warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering
mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the
palaces.
These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of
walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by
daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation.
The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of
bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.
Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history.
To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets
− ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals,
from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the
pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.
Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the
bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far
less about early Troy's people. Their depth and
composition trace changes in economy, technology, and
social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards,
waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban
complexity.
So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates,
remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their
city smelled very human.
https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613
Read the excerpt from the text:
"Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity."
In this context, the word "unfiltered" most nearly means:
"Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity."
In this context, the word "unfiltered" most nearly means:
Gabarito comentado
Confira o gabarito comentado por um dos nossos professores
Gabarito: D
Fundamento decisivo: A expressão “the diary no one meant to write” indica um registro involuntário; combinada com “unfiltered clarity”, ela aponta para uma informação direta, não mediada e, por isso, compatível com a alternativa D.
Tema central: sentido contextual de vocábulo
Análise das alternativas
A
Errada
Errada porque o trecho não trata de interpretações simbólicas múltiplas. O foco está na clareza direta do registro material, não em simbolismo.
B
Errada
Errada porque confunde autenticidade do registro com procedimento técnico de análise. “Unfiltered” não significa “scientifically sanitized”; o sentido é ausência de mediação ou alteração, não tratamento científico ou higiênico.
C
Errada
Errada porque expressa o contrário do texto. A passagem opõe a evidência material do lixo às versões romantizadas ou distorcidas pela tradição mítica; portanto, o lixo não é apresentado como distorcido ou exagerado.
D
Certa
A alternativa D corresponde ao sentido contextual de “unfiltered” no trecho: algo sem alteração relevante, que transmite informação direta e autêntica.
Pegadinha da questão
A confusão real era tirar “unfiltered” do contexto e associá-lo a filtragem literal ou sanitização, ignorando a metáfora “diary no one meant to write” e o contraste entre mito e evidência material.
Dica para questões semelhantes
- Em vocabulário contextual, leia a palavra junto da metáfora ou imagem que a acompanha; aqui, “diary no one meant to write” define o valor de “unfiltered”.
- Observe a oposição central do texto: quando o autor contrasta mito com evidência material, o termo tende a apontar para registro mais direto e menos mediado.
- Elimine alternativas que trocam sentido textual por linguagem técnica inexistente no trecho, como “sanitized” ou processamento científico.
- Se o texto fala em clareza do cotidiano real, descarte opções que introduzam simbolismo excessivo ou distorção narrativa.
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