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Q3456352 Pedagogia
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Consider these anecdotes:


1. An ESL teacher instructs a group of 7 children every day for 45 minutes. They sing “I’m a Little Teapot” over and over again. Standing, they make gestures to show the tea pouring out. “I’m a little teapot, short and stout, here is my handle, here is my spout. When I get it all steamed up, hear me shout, just tip me over and pour me out”. And then the group starts again…

2. In visiting a class of a successful ESL teacher, you are struck that each activity lasts no more than ten minutes, that children are usually in movement - making something, holding something, moving their hands and walking somewhere.

There are few major contrasts that we can make between child and adult ESL learners. Children are more likely to play with language than adults are. In general, children are more holistic learners who need to use language for authentic communication in ESL classes.

In a children’s class, activities need to be child centered and communication should be authentic. Several themes repeatedly come up:


•  Focus on meaning, not correctness.

•  Focus on the value of the activity, not the value of language.

•  Focus on collaboration and social development.

•  Provide a rich context, including movement, the senses, objects and pictures, and a variety of activities.

•  Teach ESL holistically, integrating the four skills.

•  Treat learners appropriately in the light of their age and interests. •  Treat language as a tool for children to use for their own social and academic ends.


(S. Peck. Developing Children´s Listening and Speaking. IN: Marianne
Cerce-Murcia(ed). Teaching English as a second or foreign language.
Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle. 2nd edition. 2001. Adaptado)
Um professor de inglês estará promovendo o aprender por meio do brincar se, em suas aulas,
Alternativas
Q3456351 Pedagogia
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


Consider these anecdotes:


1. An ESL teacher instructs a group of 7 children every day for 45 minutes. They sing “I’m a Little Teapot” over and over again. Standing, they make gestures to show the tea pouring out. “I’m a little teapot, short and stout, here is my handle, here is my spout. When I get it all steamed up, hear me shout, just tip me over and pour me out”. And then the group starts again…

2. In visiting a class of a successful ESL teacher, you are struck that each activity lasts no more than ten minutes, that children are usually in movement - making something, holding something, moving their hands and walking somewhere.

There are few major contrasts that we can make between child and adult ESL learners. Children are more likely to play with language than adults are. In general, children are more holistic learners who need to use language for authentic communication in ESL classes.

In a children’s class, activities need to be child centered and communication should be authentic. Several themes repeatedly come up:


•  Focus on meaning, not correctness.

•  Focus on the value of the activity, not the value of language.

•  Focus on collaboration and social development.

•  Provide a rich context, including movement, the senses, objects and pictures, and a variety of activities.

•  Teach ESL holistically, integrating the four skills.

•  Treat learners appropriately in the light of their age and interests. •  Treat language as a tool for children to use for their own social and academic ends.


(S. Peck. Developing Children´s Listening and Speaking. IN: Marianne
Cerce-Murcia(ed). Teaching English as a second or foreign language.
Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle. 2nd edition. 2001. Adaptado)
The themes listed in the four paragraph suggest that the teaching of ESL to children should, among others,
Alternativas
Q3456350 Inglês
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Consider these anecdotes:


1. An ESL teacher instructs a group of 7 children every day for 45 minutes. They sing “I’m a Little Teapot” over and over again. Standing, they make gestures to show the tea pouring out. “I’m a little teapot, short and stout, here is my handle, here is my spout. When I get it all steamed up, hear me shout, just tip me over and pour me out”. And then the group starts again…

2. In visiting a class of a successful ESL teacher, you are struck that each activity lasts no more than ten minutes, that children are usually in movement - making something, holding something, moving their hands and walking somewhere.

There are few major contrasts that we can make between child and adult ESL learners. Children are more likely to play with language than adults are. In general, children are more holistic learners who need to use language for authentic communication in ESL classes.

In a children’s class, activities need to be child centered and communication should be authentic. Several themes repeatedly come up:


•  Focus on meaning, not correctness.

•  Focus on the value of the activity, not the value of language.

•  Focus on collaboration and social development.

•  Provide a rich context, including movement, the senses, objects and pictures, and a variety of activities.

•  Teach ESL holistically, integrating the four skills.

•  Treat learners appropriately in the light of their age and interests. •  Treat language as a tool for children to use for their own social and academic ends.


(S. Peck. Developing Children´s Listening and Speaking. IN: Marianne
Cerce-Murcia(ed). Teaching English as a second or foreign language.
Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle. 2nd edition. 2001. Adaptado)
Items 1 and 2 in the excerpt represent 
Alternativas
Q3456349 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


Consider these anecdotes:


1. An ESL teacher instructs a group of 7 children every day for 45 minutes. They sing “I’m a Little Teapot” over and over again. Standing, they make gestures to show the tea pouring out. “I’m a little teapot, short and stout, here is my handle, here is my spout. When I get it all steamed up, hear me shout, just tip me over and pour me out”. And then the group starts again…

2. In visiting a class of a successful ESL teacher, you are struck that each activity lasts no more than ten minutes, that children are usually in movement - making something, holding something, moving their hands and walking somewhere.

There are few major contrasts that we can make between child and adult ESL learners. Children are more likely to play with language than adults are. In general, children are more holistic learners who need to use language for authentic communication in ESL classes.

In a children’s class, activities need to be child centered and communication should be authentic. Several themes repeatedly come up:


•  Focus on meaning, not correctness.

•  Focus on the value of the activity, not the value of language.

•  Focus on collaboration and social development.

•  Provide a rich context, including movement, the senses, objects and pictures, and a variety of activities.

•  Teach ESL holistically, integrating the four skills.

•  Treat learners appropriately in the light of their age and interests. •  Treat language as a tool for children to use for their own social and academic ends.


(S. Peck. Developing Children´s Listening and Speaking. IN: Marianne
Cerce-Murcia(ed). Teaching English as a second or foreign language.
Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle. 2nd edition. 2001. Adaptado)
The word “anecdotes”, in the first paragraph, means the same as
Alternativas
Q3456348 Inglês
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     One of the major foci of applied linguistics scholarship has been the foreign or second language classroom. A glance through the past century or so of language teaching gives us an interesting picture of varied interpretations of the best way to teach a foreign language. As schools of thought have come and gone, so have language teaching trends waxed and waned in popularity.

    Albert Marckwardt (1972) saw these “changing winds and shifting sands” as a cyclical pattern where a new paradigm of teaching methodology emerged about every quarter of a century, with each new method breaking from the old but at the same time taking with it some of the positive aspects of the previous paradigm. One of the best examples of the cyclical nature of methods is seen in the revolutionary Audiolingual Method (ALM) of the late 1940s and 1950s. The ALM borrowed principles and beliefs from its predecessor by almost half a century, the Direct Method, while breaking away entirely from the Grammar-Translation paradigm. Within a short time, however, ALM critics were advocating more attention to rules of language which, to some, smacked a return to Grammar Translation.


(BROWN, H.Douglas. Principles of language learning and teaching.
5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
No trecho do segundo parágrafo “Albert Marckwardt (1972) saw these “changing winds and shifting sands” as a cyclical pattern where a new paradigm of teaching methodology emerged”, a palavra destacada em negrito pode ser corretamente substituída por
Alternativas
Q3456347 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


     One of the major foci of applied linguistics scholarship has been the foreign or second language classroom. A glance through the past century or so of language teaching gives us an interesting picture of varied interpretations of the best way to teach a foreign language. As schools of thought have come and gone, so have language teaching trends waxed and waned in popularity.

    Albert Marckwardt (1972) saw these “changing winds and shifting sands” as a cyclical pattern where a new paradigm of teaching methodology emerged about every quarter of a century, with each new method breaking from the old but at the same time taking with it some of the positive aspects of the previous paradigm. One of the best examples of the cyclical nature of methods is seen in the revolutionary Audiolingual Method (ALM) of the late 1940s and 1950s. The ALM borrowed principles and beliefs from its predecessor by almost half a century, the Direct Method, while breaking away entirely from the Grammar-Translation paradigm. Within a short time, however, ALM critics were advocating more attention to rules of language which, to some, smacked a return to Grammar Translation.


(BROWN, H.Douglas. Principles of language learning and teaching.
5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
É proposta de sala de aula condizente com o ensino comunicativo de línguas:
Alternativas
Q3456346 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


     One of the major foci of applied linguistics scholarship has been the foreign or second language classroom. A glance through the past century or so of language teaching gives us an interesting picture of varied interpretations of the best way to teach a foreign language. As schools of thought have come and gone, so have language teaching trends waxed and waned in popularity.

    Albert Marckwardt (1972) saw these “changing winds and shifting sands” as a cyclical pattern where a new paradigm of teaching methodology emerged about every quarter of a century, with each new method breaking from the old but at the same time taking with it some of the positive aspects of the previous paradigm. One of the best examples of the cyclical nature of methods is seen in the revolutionary Audiolingual Method (ALM) of the late 1940s and 1950s. The ALM borrowed principles and beliefs from its predecessor by almost half a century, the Direct Method, while breaking away entirely from the Grammar-Translation paradigm. Within a short time, however, ALM critics were advocating more attention to rules of language which, to some, smacked a return to Grammar Translation.


(BROWN, H.Douglas. Principles of language learning and teaching.
5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
In the second half of the XX century, it was the Communicative Approach which would break from the principles of their antecessors, the Audiolingual Method and the Grammar-Translation paradigm. It is correct to say that, in Communicative Language Teaching,
Alternativas
Q3456345 Inglês
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     One of the major foci of applied linguistics scholarship has been the foreign or second language classroom. A glance through the past century or so of language teaching gives us an interesting picture of varied interpretations of the best way to teach a foreign language. As schools of thought have come and gone, so have language teaching trends waxed and waned in popularity.

    Albert Marckwardt (1972) saw these “changing winds and shifting sands” as a cyclical pattern where a new paradigm of teaching methodology emerged about every quarter of a century, with each new method breaking from the old but at the same time taking with it some of the positive aspects of the previous paradigm. One of the best examples of the cyclical nature of methods is seen in the revolutionary Audiolingual Method (ALM) of the late 1940s and 1950s. The ALM borrowed principles and beliefs from its predecessor by almost half a century, the Direct Method, while breaking away entirely from the Grammar-Translation paradigm. Within a short time, however, ALM critics were advocating more attention to rules of language which, to some, smacked a return to Grammar Translation.


(BROWN, H.Douglas. Principles of language learning and teaching.
5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
From Brown’s excerpt it is possible to state that the Audiolingual Method 
Alternativas
Q3456343 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


     One of the major foci of applied linguistics scholarship has been the foreign or second language classroom. A glance through the past century or so of language teaching gives us an interesting picture of varied interpretations of the best way to teach a foreign language. As schools of thought have come and gone, so have language teaching trends waxed and waned in popularity.

    Albert Marckwardt (1972) saw these “changing winds and shifting sands” as a cyclical pattern where a new paradigm of teaching methodology emerged about every quarter of a century, with each new method breaking from the old but at the same time taking with it some of the positive aspects of the previous paradigm. One of the best examples of the cyclical nature of methods is seen in the revolutionary Audiolingual Method (ALM) of the late 1940s and 1950s. The ALM borrowed principles and beliefs from its predecessor by almost half a century, the Direct Method, while breaking away entirely from the Grammar-Translation paradigm. Within a short time, however, ALM critics were advocating more attention to rules of language which, to some, smacked a return to Grammar Translation.


(BROWN, H.Douglas. Principles of language learning and teaching.
5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
The word “foci”, on the first line of the extract, is the plural of “focus”. Another correct plural form is found in alternative:
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Q3456332 História
Esperava-se que a população do mundo [...] se estabilizasse em cerca de 10 bilhões de seres humanos, [...] por volta de 2030, essencialmente por um declínio na taxa de nascimento do Terceiro Mundo. [...] Era certo que os movimentos previsíveis da população mundial aumentariam os desequilíbrios entre as diversas regiões. No todo, como no Breve Século XX, os países ricos e desenvolvidos seriam aqueles cuja população seria a primeira a estabilizar-se, ou mesmo a não se reproduzir mais, como vários desses países já não o faziam na década de 1990. Cercados por países pobres com imensos exércitos de jovens clamando pelos modestos empregos no mundo rico, que tornam homens e mulheres ricos pelos padrões de El Salvador ou Marrocos, esses países de muitos cidadãos velhos e poucos filhos enfrentam a opção de permitir a imigração em massa (que [produziria] problemas políticos imensos) [ou] entrincheirar-se contra os imigrantes dos quais precisam.

(Eric J. Hobsbawm, Era dos extremos: o breve século XX: 1914-1991, 1995)

As afirmações e reflexões do historiador baseiam-se nas considerações
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Q3456331 História
Entre todas as revoluções contemporâneas, a Revolução Francesa foi a única ecumênica. Seus exércitos partiram para revolucionar o mundo; suas ideias de fato o revolucionaram. A revolução americana foi um acontecimento crucial na história americana, mas (exceto nos países diretamente envolvidos nela ou por ela) deixou poucos traços relevantes em outras partes.

(Eric J. Hobsbawm, A era das revoluções - 1789-1848, 1998)

O caráter “ecumênico”, ou seja, universal, da Revolução Francesa de 1789, foi expresso pela
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Q3456330 História
Foi só a partir de 1884 que o imperialismo – surgido do colonialismo e gerado pela incompatibilidade do sistema de Estados nacionais com o desenvolvimento econômico e industrial do último terço do século XIX – iniciou a sua política de expansão por amor à expansão, e esse novo tipo de política expansionista diferia tanto das conquistas de característica nacional, antes levadas adiante por meio de guerras fronteiriças, quanto diferia a política imperialista da verdadeira formação de impérios, ao estilo de Roma. Por outro lado, o seu fim parecia inevitável depois que a “liquidação do Império de Sua Majestade” [...] se tornou fato consumado em consequência da declaração de independência da Índia.

(Hannah Arendt, Origens do totalitarismo, 1997)

A longa cronologia mencionada pelo excerto
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Q3456329 História
A propriedade sobre escravos não se limitava a grandes senhores de engenho, fazendeiros e mineradores. Tanto no campo como na cidade era grande o número de pequenos escravistas, donos de um, dois, três escravos, trabalhadores na pequena lavoura, nos serviços de rua ou no de casa. Por todas essas características, os escravos marcaram em profundidade os costumes, o imaginário, a cultura [...] de nossa população. Tendo sido o Brasil o último país do hemisfério a abolir a escravidão, em 1888, pode-se dizer que a história do século XIX brasileiro, que viu esse imenso território formar-se enquanto nação independente, se confunde com a história do apogeu e da queda do regime escravista.

(João José Reis, “’Nos achamos em campo a tratar da liberdade’: a resistência negra no Brasil oitocentista”. In: Carlos Guilherme Motta (org.) Viagem incompleta. A experiência brasileira (1500 – 2000). Formação: histórias. São Paulo: Editora SENAC, 2000)

O excerto refere-se
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Q3456328 História
A opção de Maria Quitéria de Jesus pela causa da independência é exemplar. Não sabia ler ou escrever, mas ouviu histórias na pequena propriedade de seu pai no interior da Bahia, sobre a opressão de Portugal, fazendo seu coração “arder de amor à Pátria”. Fugiu para a casa da irmã casada, que a ajudou a vestir-se de homem para assim poder entrar para o exército patriótico. Participou de algumas batalhas, distinguiu-se em ação e finalmente foi recebida pelo imperador, em agosto de 1823, que a condecorou com a ordem do Cruzeiro e a promoveu a alferes.

(Maria Lígia Coelho Prado, América Latina no século XIX - Tramas, telas e textos. São Paulo, 2014)

A biografia de Maria Quitéria de Jesus revela a 
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Q3456327 História
Não se pode negar que tal denominação [América Latina], no presente, é hegemônica, sendo adotada internacionalmente por historiadores, cientistas sociais e pela imprensa em geral. Assim, aqui também adotamos a noção de América Latina, cientes das implicações políticas de sua invenção e dos problemas que sua utilização pode gerar. Não propomos apresentar interpretações generalizantes para toda a região. No decorrer de nossas análises, enfatizaremos as especificidades nacionais conectadas a contextos latino-americanos mais amplos.

(Maria Lígia Prado e Gabriela Pellegrino, História da América Latina, 2014)

As historiadoras entendem que o conceito de América Latina
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Q3456326 História
O advento da Renascença propriamente dita – trazendo consigo novas ciências, como a arqueologia, a epigrafia e a crítica textual, para iluminar o passado clássico – de repente estendeu a lembrança e a emulação da Antiguidade até uma escala enorme e explosiva. Arquitetura, pintura, escultura, poesia, filosofia, teoria política e militar, todas se esforçaram em recuperar a liberdade e beleza das obras antes destinadas ao esquecimento.

(Perry Anderson, Linhagens do Estado absolutista, 1998)
A afirmação “recuperar a liberdade e beleza das obras antes destinadas ao esquecimento” implicava, para os contemporâneos do Renascimento,
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Q3456325 História
As catástrofes eram entendidas, dentro da tradição judaica, em termos de martirologia, o que por sua vez tinha base histórica tanto nos primeiros séculos de nossa era, quando judeus e cristãos desafiaram o poder do Império Romano, quanto nas condições medievais, quando se oferecia aos judeus o batismo como alternativa para se livrarem das perseguições, mesmo se a causa da violência fosse política e econômica, e não religiosa.

(Hannah Arendt, Origens do totalitarismo, 1997)

O excerto analisa a questão das perseguições aos judeus no final do Império Romano e na Idade Média Ocidental, acentuando
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Q3456323 História
Cinco séculos de história podem representar muito, considerada a história das civilizações americanas, sobretudo no que diz respeito à experiência particular afro-luso­ -brasileira. Experiência de uma cultura já miscigenada na Península Ibérica, que viria a predominar nessas partes do globo, gerando interpretações inéditas, muito difundidas e discutíveis sobre a “adaptabilidade” dos portugueses nos trópicos, e que marcariam [fundamentalmente] o pensamento no Brasil do século XX.

(Carlos Guilherme Mota, “Introdução”. In: Carlos Guilherme Mota (0rg.) Viagem incompleta: a experiência brasileira (1500-2000). Formação: Histórias, 2000)

O excerto faz uma espécie de balanço dos quinhentos anos da história do Brasil, referindo-se à
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Q3456322 História
De qualquer modo, os historiadores são tradutores entre o passado e o presente, e nesse livro eu tentava fazer o Renascimento inteligível aos leitores do século XXI. Já está sendo traduzido em quatro línguas – francês, alemão, italiano e espanhol.

(“Entrevista com Peter Burke”, In: Maria Lúcia Garcia Pallares-Burke. As muitas faces da história. Nove entrevistas, 2000)

O historiador alude, na entrevista,
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Q3456321 História
Tinha a ideia de ler os processos [da Inquisição] nas entrelinhas e também a contrapelo, desvirtuando, por assim dizer, as intenções das evidências; indo contra ou além das razões pelas quais elas foram construídas. É o que Marc Bloch sugeriu quando falou sobre a estratégia de leitura tortuosa, lendo, por exemplo, a hagiografia medieval não para conhecer a vida dos santos, mas como evidência da história da agricultura medieval.

(“Entrevista de Carlo Ginsburg”. In: Maria Lúcia Garcia Pallares – Burke. As muitas faces da história. Nove entrevistas, 2000)

O historiador refere-se
Alternativas
Respostas
641: B
642: E
643: C
644: A
645: E
646: D
647: A
648: E
649: B
650: A
651: D
652: E
653: B
654: C
655: C
656: A
657: B
658: B
659: D
660: E