Questões de Concurso
Comentadas sobre teorias e práticas para o ensino de língua estrangeira em pedagogia
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Marque a alternativa que substitui corretamente o X no texto acima.
I. A construção do conhecimento da leitura e da escrita tem uma lógica individual, embora aberta a interação social, na escola ou fora dela. No processo, a criança passa por etapas, com avanços e recuos, até se apossar do código linguístico e dominá-lo.
PORQUE
II. O tempo necessário para o aluno transpor cada uma das etapas é muito exato. Duas das consequências mais importantes do construtivismo para a prática de sala de aula são respeitar a exigir que esse tempo seja o mesmo de todas crianças e compreender que um desempenho mais vagaroso significa que ela seja menos dedicada do que as demais.
A respeito dessas asserções, assinale a alternativa correta.
“A aula é ministrada na língua materna do aluno; a gramática é o foco do estudo; a pronúncia recebe pouca ou nenhuma atenção; o professor não precisa saber falar a língua-alvo; a língua escrita e literária é vista como superior à língua falada.”
(_) A linguagem não deve ser considerada um objeto de estudo por si só, esquecendo-se de seu aspecto funcional.
(_) O aluno deve apenas dominar as formas linguísticas.
(_) Elementos não linguísticos, como fotografias e imagens, não devem ser considerados.
According to Collie and Slater in Cruz (2010) literature can be regarded as a rich source of ‘authentic material’ because it conveys two features in its written text: one is ‘language in use,’ that is, the employment of linguistics by those who have mastered it into a fashion intended for native speakers; the second is an aesthetic representation of the spoken language which is meant to recover or represent language within a certain cultural context. . (…) Literature as aesthetic recreation (that is, as something artificial) can be considered a much more “authentic” source and can inspire more authority in the use and enrichment of language than English textbooks or even than direct samples of language, more so if learners develop an “aesthetic reading” of the text (Langer, 1991, 1998; Many, Gerla, Wiseman, & Ellis, 1995). Through this personal and social experience students can develop a closer relationship with language, since they are reconstructing the target language on their own for their own learning process. There are some genres in literature including poetry, short fiction, drama and novel. (…) Poetry offers wonderful opportunities for reading, writing, speaking, and listening practice for English language learners. Poetry also gives students a chance to expand vocabulary knowledge, to play with language, and to work with different rhythms and rhyme patterns. (…) There are three principles to consider in material selection; 1) readability, it means that the poem is able to be read. It has to be clear to read, listen, or watch it on video. 2) suitability, the children are going to read, hear, learn the words, and words convey information and content that are appropriate to their age, maturity, and culture. 3) exploitability, it may simply be for fun and motivation, for social enjoyment within the classroom and worthy purpose. FAUZIAH. The Approaches to Teaching Literature for Young Learners. Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics (JELTL) e-ISSN: 2502- 6062, 2016, Vol. 1 (2) www.jeltl.org p. 145-158. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 4 mar. 2020.
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CONCEITOS
1 - Comunicativa 2 - Gramática ou linguística 3 - Sociolinguística 4 - Discursiva 5 - Estratégica
SIGNIFICADOS
( ) considera a questão da coesão e da coerência relevantes num determinado texto.
( ) é definida como um sistema de conhecimentos e habilidades exigidos para a comunicação.
( ) refere-se ao conhecimento do papel do falante no contexto e à sua escolha de registro e estilo.
( ) refere-se ao conhecimento do vocabulário, à formação de palavras, à formação de frases, ao significado literal de enunciados.
( ) refere-se ao domínio de técnicas verbais e não verbais para compensar rupturas na comunicação, devidas à competência insuficiente ou a limitações de desempenho e para aperfeiçoar o efeito retórico dos enunciados.
A sequência correta é
METHODS
1 - Direct 2 - Audio-Lingual 3 - Silent Way 4 - Desuggestopedia 5 - Community Language Learning 6 - Total Physical Response 7 - Communicative Language Teaching
PRINCIPLES
( ) Dramatization is a particularly valuable way of playfully activating the material. Fantasy reduces barriers to learning.
( ) Developing a community among the class members builds trust and can help to reduce the threat of the new learning situation.
( ) The purpose of language learning is communication; therefore, students need to learn how to ask questions as well as answer them.
( ) Spoken language should he emphasized over written language. Students can initially learn one part of the language rapidly by moving their bodies.
( ) Language learning is a process of habit formation. The more often something is repeated, the stronger the habit and the greater the learning.
( ) The teacher works with gestures, and sometimes instructions in the student’s native language, to help the students to produce the target language sounds as accurately as possible.
( ) Students should be given opportunities to listen to language as it is used in authentic communication. They may be coached on strategies for how to improve their comprehension.
A sequência correta é
( ) Errors are frequently corrected. Accuracy tends to be given priority over meaningful interaction.
( ) Students do not feel pressured to speak or write the second language and to do so correctly from the very beginning.
( ) Linguistic items are presented and practiced in isolation, one item at a time, in a sequence from what teacher or textbook writes believe is ‘simple’ to that which is ‘complex’.
( ) Students experience a limited range of language discourse types. The written language they encounter is selected primarily to provide practice with specific grammatical features rather than for its content.
( ) Teachers never use the learners’ native language to give instructions or in classroom management events. When they use the target language, they tend to modify their language in order to ensure comprehension and compliance.
De acordo com as afirmações, a sequência correta é:
“Si se define el _______, como sugiere su significado principal, en función de la trayectoria seguida por un alumno a través de una secuencia de experiencias educativas, ya sea bajo el control de una institución o no, …”
(CERVANTES, Instituto. La diversificación lingüística y el currículo. Madrid: Edelsa, 2006.)
A afirmação se refere à abordagem
The proliferation of approaches and methods is a prominent characteristic of contemporary second and foreign language teaching. Invention of new classroom practices and approaches to designing language programs and materials reflects a commitment to finding more efficient and more effective ways of teaching languages. Read and analyse the list below to answer 08.
1. Drilling may occur, but peripherally.
2. Comprehensible pronunciation is sought.
3. Judicious use of native language is accepted where feasible.
4. Reading and writing can start from the first day, if desired.
5. Sequencing is determined by any consideration of content, function or meaning which maintains interest.
6. Linguistic variation is a central concept in materials and methodology.
7. Language is created by the individual often through trial and error.
The list above especifically describes some of the major distinctive features that oppose to the: