According to the text CB5A1AAA, judge the next item.

The expressions “In concept” (l.4) and “in theory” (l.16) have similar meanings in the text, as they both refer to notions or characteristics which are in the abstract level.

According to the text CB5A1AAA, judge the next item.

In the excerpts “they help to assure” (l. 4 and 5) and “so that they can lead a dignified life” (l.6), the pronoun “they” refers to “basic human rights” (l.4).

According to the text CB5A1AAA, judge the next item.

The reason why the list of basic human rights may vary from country to country is the fact that no international organization has established a list yet.

Based on text CB3A5AAA, judge the following item.

As far as the use of apostrophes is concerned, there is significant difference in meaning between “users’” (ℓ.26) and user’s.

Based on text CB3A5AAA, judge the following item.

In the text, “along with” (ℓ.5) can be correctly replaced with the synonymous expression after a long time.

Based on text CB3A5AAA, judge the following item.

The author of the text implies that the fight against terrorism is no longer a major priority for Anglo-American intelligence services.

Based on text CB3A5AAA, judge the following item.

According to the text, the events that followed the September 11^th attacks, as well as the systematic leaking of government classified material, have helped shape the way some intelligence agencies have been operating.

Based on text CB3A5AAA, judge the following item.

It can be inferred from the text that a bill, as in “Investigatory Powers Bill” (ℓ.24), is a new law that was presented to Parliament for discussion, passed and is ready to be enacted.

Based on text CB1A5BBB, judge the following items.

The sentence “Michael Hayden asked to send an e-mail to all staff” (ℓ. 10 and 11) can be correctly paraphrased in the following terms: Michael Hayden enquired all his employees if he could send an electronic message.

Based on text CB1A5BBB, judge the following items.

In line 31, the connector “Hence” introduces a logical conclusion.

Based on text CB1A5BBB, judge the following items.

GCHQ experts decided to stop producing academic papers about code-breaking techniques only in the two last decades of the last century.

Based on text CB1A5BBB, judge the following items.

The idea expressed in “Counter-terrorism (…) is pre-emptive” (ℓ.31) can be also found in the following proverb: It is better to prevent than to cure.

Based on text CB1A5BBB, judge the following items.

The author defends the idea that the fight against organized and sexual crimes has diverted invaluable but scarce resources from what should be America’s secret services’ main goal: the combat against terrorism.

Based on text CB1A5BBB, judge the following items.

In the fragment “on becoming director of the American National Security Agency” (ℓ. 9 and 10), the preposition “on” refers to a period when the action is taking place.

Based on text CB1A5AAA, judge the following items.

The words “unaware” (ℓ.12) and “wary” (ℓ.16) are related in terms of meaning, being both connected to the notion of caution and attention.

Based on text CB1A5AAA, judge the following items.

The author is critical of people who should be, but are not, thankful for the work intelligence and security agents do.

Based on text CB1A5AAA, judge the following items.

The author of the text suggests that the old-fashioned way of sending messages on postcards can be as dangerous as sending them through cyber-café computers.

Based on text CB1A5AAA, judge the following items.

The expression “neat twist” (ℓ.9) refers to the irony of cyber-café patrons becoming victims of their own security consciousness.

Judge the following iten considering the ideas of text CB5A2AAA and the vocabulary used in it. 

In the text, “abstracting away” (ℓ.16) entails the idea of removing something from somewhere