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Q3877688 Inglês
The intellectual bankruptcy of anti-AI academic alarmism: A rebuttal

Posted on 28 Oct 2025 by Neil Harrison


A few years ago, a philosophy colleague and I taught a college English composition course at Lindenwood University organized around a single, surprising (for students) word: bullshit. We leaned into the theme, using Harry Frankfurt’s classic essay as our guide and asking students to explore what it means to be sincere, what it means to be a fraud, and how to tell the difference. We also decided to lean into the AI moment. This was Fall of 2023, the beginning of the first full academic year since ChatGPT was introduced. We didn’t ban the new generative AI tools; we invited them into the classroom. We experimented with writing papers with AI assistance, making the central work of the course not just writing, but thinking critically about how we write. Our guiding principle was trust. We trusted that by including students in the conversation, by empowering them to use and critique these strange new tools, they would become more engaged and curious, not less. We wanted to replace the impulse to police our students with an invitation to collaborate with them.

AI and critical skills
That classroom experience felt vital and exciting. But it now feels like it exists in opposition to a dominant and growing mood in academia. I see a rising tide of anxiety about AI, a kind of moral panic that my co-author James Hutson and I have started calling “academic alarmism.” This rhetoric often cloaks itself in philosophical rigor, insisting that because AI lacks human “moral agency,” it is unfit to serve educational roles. We hear that terms like “tutor” or “collaborator” must be restricted to humans, a kind of linguistic gatekeeping that ignores centuries of learning with non-human tools. (…)

Guide, not gatekeeper
(…)
We argue that the university’s role isn’t to be a gatekeeper but a guide.
The alarmists warn of disengaged students and the death of critical thinking. But when I hear those warnings, I think of a specific student from that “bullshit” class. She dove into the experiment, using AI tools with an intellectual curiosity that was inspiring. (…)
The university has always been a place of mediated knowledge, from the un-agential textbook to the impersonal learning management system. To insist now that only unmediated, Socratic dialogue with humans is “authentic” education is to weaponize a fiction against pragmatic innovation, especially in an era of mass education where that ideal is rarely the reality for many students.
The real pedagogical crisis is not the advent of generative AI but the structural underfunding and the challenges of widespread university access that have defined higher education for generations. AI, thoughtfully integrated, has the potential to redistribute scarce human attention and restore some measure of the engagement we all yearn for. The challenge of higher education in the age of AI is not to shield students from complexity but to equip them with the habits of mind, skepticism, and  metacognitive awareness required to flourish amid it. The pedagogical imperative is not less responsibility but more.
Daniel Plate (Lindenwood University)

Disponível em: https://teachinginhighereducation.wordpress. com/2025/10/28/the-intellectual-bankruptcy-of-anti-ai-academic-alarmism-a-rebuttal/. Access: 21 nov. 2025. (Adaptado).
How does Daniel Plate see the general academic relation to AI?
Alternativas
Q3877687 Inglês
The intellectual bankruptcy of anti-AI academic alarmism: A rebuttal

Posted on 28 Oct 2025 by Neil Harrison


A few years ago, a philosophy colleague and I taught a college English composition course at Lindenwood University organized around a single, surprising (for students) word: bullshit. We leaned into the theme, using Harry Frankfurt’s classic essay as our guide and asking students to explore what it means to be sincere, what it means to be a fraud, and how to tell the difference. We also decided to lean into the AI moment. This was Fall of 2023, the beginning of the first full academic year since ChatGPT was introduced. We didn’t ban the new generative AI tools; we invited them into the classroom. We experimented with writing papers with AI assistance, making the central work of the course not just writing, but thinking critically about how we write. Our guiding principle was trust. We trusted that by including students in the conversation, by empowering them to use and critique these strange new tools, they would become more engaged and curious, not less. We wanted to replace the impulse to police our students with an invitation to collaborate with them.

AI and critical skills
That classroom experience felt vital and exciting. But it now feels like it exists in opposition to a dominant and growing mood in academia. I see a rising tide of anxiety about AI, a kind of moral panic that my co-author James Hutson and I have started calling “academic alarmism.” This rhetoric often cloaks itself in philosophical rigor, insisting that because AI lacks human “moral agency,” it is unfit to serve educational roles. We hear that terms like “tutor” or “collaborator” must be restricted to humans, a kind of linguistic gatekeeping that ignores centuries of learning with non-human tools. (…)

Guide, not gatekeeper
(…)
We argue that the university’s role isn’t to be a gatekeeper but a guide.
The alarmists warn of disengaged students and the death of critical thinking. But when I hear those warnings, I think of a specific student from that “bullshit” class. She dove into the experiment, using AI tools with an intellectual curiosity that was inspiring. (…)
The university has always been a place of mediated knowledge, from the un-agential textbook to the impersonal learning management system. To insist now that only unmediated, Socratic dialogue with humans is “authentic” education is to weaponize a fiction against pragmatic innovation, especially in an era of mass education where that ideal is rarely the reality for many students.
The real pedagogical crisis is not the advent of generative AI but the structural underfunding and the challenges of widespread university access that have defined higher education for generations. AI, thoughtfully integrated, has the potential to redistribute scarce human attention and restore some measure of the engagement we all yearn for. The challenge of higher education in the age of AI is not to shield students from complexity but to equip them with the habits of mind, skepticism, and  metacognitive awareness required to flourish amid it. The pedagogical imperative is not less responsibility but more.
Daniel Plate (Lindenwood University)

Disponível em: https://teachinginhighereducation.wordpress. com/2025/10/28/the-intellectual-bankruptcy-of-anti-ai-academic-alarmism-a-rebuttal/. Access: 21 nov. 2025. (Adaptado).
What was Plate and his colleague’s approach at a university course they taught some year ago?
Alternativas
Q3877686 Inglês

Associate the prepositions with the sentences.


SENTENCES

1. I’m going away _____ the end of January.

2. Our apartment is _____ the second floor of the building.

3. When we were in Italy, we spent a few days _____ Venice.

4. I like them very much. They have always been very nice _____me.


PREPOSITIONS

( ) at

( ) in

( ) on

( ) to


The correct sequence of this association is:

Alternativas
Q3877685 Inglês
Indicate whether each of the following statements about Critical Literacy made by Caetano in "But When Do I Do Critical Literacy?" is true (T) or false (F).

( ) Since teachers understand the implications of their true role in the classroom, they can use Critical Literacy theories to promote discussions that lead to autonomy, political consciousness and active participation of their learners.

( ) When considering a local context of learning and subjects involved in the teaching and learning of a foreign language, the social changes that have occurred in the last years shall not be considered, because they have not significantly affected the profile of regular school students.

( ) The relations of domination, the hegemonies of power, the reproduction of privileges and the oppression must find – in the classroom – space for awareness, struggle, questioning and social transformation, mainly because it is more than clear that historical and cultural diversity occupies a significant place in the geopolitical scene nowadays.

( ) According to the Brazilian Curricular Guidelines for High School (OCEM), teachers of English as a second language do not need to address Critical Literacy in the planning of classes, in the preparation of materials and in all their methodological choices, through the exploration of relevant themes such as citizenship, diversity, equality, social justice and values, among others.

According to the statements, the correct sequence is:
Alternativas
Q3877684 Inglês
Read this extract from Chapter VII of Jane Austen’s Emma and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs indicated below.

She had ______, as soon as she ______ back to Mrs. Goddard’s, that Mr. Martin had been there an hour before, and finding she was not at home, nor particularly expected, had ______ a little parcel for her from one of his sisters, and gone away; and on opening this parcel, she had actually found, besides the two songs which she had _____ Elizabeth to copy, a letter to herself; and this letter was from him, from Mr. Martin, and contained a direct proposal of marriage. "Who could have ______? She was so surprised she did not know what to do. Yes, quite a proposal of marriage; and a very good letter, at least she thought so.
Disponível em: (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/158/158-h/158-h.htm)


The sequence that correctly fills in the blanks is: 
Alternativas
Q3877683 Inglês
Associate the complements with the sentences.
SENTENCES 1. I like Tom’s idea. 2. You drive too fast. 3. I’m fed up with my job. 4. I couldn’t get a seat on the train. 5. You don’t have to take my advice. 6. I won’t be able to come to the party.
COMPLEMENTS ( ) You can do as you like. ( ) Let’s do as he suggests. ( ) It was full, as I expected. ( ) As you know, I’ll be away. ( ) As I’ve told you before, it’s boring. ( ) You should take more care, as I keep telling you.
The correct sequence of this association is:
Alternativas
Q3877682 Inglês
Considering the theories of Critical Literacy discussed by Caetano, in "But When Do I Do Critical Literacy?", analyze the following assertions about the critical literacy concept.

I- It is a perspective intimately linked to the postmethod condition, constituting a practical application of the principle of possibility aiming at the social transformation of both teachers and students.

II- This perspective adopted in the Brazilian basic education network focus on the student and in the teaching of functional English and is reduced to the instrumental teaching of this language, disregarding the local learning context and the subjects involved in this process.

III- By using Critical Literacy, the teacher will be able to recognize the rich resources that students and families possess, what these students bring to school and how what they bring is or is not valued, recognized and built on the curriculum, in classrooms and in school environments.

IV- The activities developed within this perspective should encompass the reading and discussion of different texts so that, through them, it is possible to provide students with opportunities for critical reflection and transformation in the way they see the world and interact with their reality.


It is correct only what is stated in  
Alternativas
Q3877681 Inglês
Associate the sentence with the phrasal verb.
PHRASAL VERBS 1. sort out 2. went out 3. looked out 4. carried out 5. crossed out 6. climbed out 7. checked out
SENTENCES ( ) We paid the hotel bill and ________. ( ) Andy opened the window and ________. ( ) Suddenly all the lights in the building _______. ( ) Some of the names on the list will be _______. ( ) There are a few problems we need to _______. ( ) An investigation into the accident will be ________. ( ) She swam up and down the pool, and then________. 

The correct sequence of this association is:
Alternativas
Q3877675 Inglês
A verb tense indicates the time at which the action or state of being described by the verb occurred, is occurring or will occur.
Consider the statements below and the use of verb tenses in them.

I- The road is closed. There's been an accident.
II- lt was not raining when I looked out of the window; the sun was shining. But it was been raining before.
III- I wasn't sure who she was. I'd seen her before, but I couldn't remember where.
IV- Bill is phoning his girlfriend again. That's the third time he's phoned her this evening.
V- lt was raining when I have gotten up.


It is correct only what is stated in
Alternativas
Q3877294 Inglês
Multiculturalism, emphasized by globalization, is perhaps the most important premise for the implementation of critical pedagogy in the educational context of today.
CAETANO, Érika Amâncio. “But When Do I Do Critical Literacy?”: Perspectives for Designing Critical Literacy Activities in EFL Classrooms. (Adaptado).

Analise as asserções a seguir e a relação proposta entre elas.

I- The relations of domination, the hegemonies of power, the reproduction of privileges and the oppression must find – in the classroom – space for awareness, struggle, questioning and social transformation
BECAUSE
II- it is more than clear that historical and cultural diversity occupies a significant place in the geopolitical scene nowadays.


Sobre as asserções é correto afirmar que
Alternativas
Q3877293 Inglês

The -ed ending is used to form the past tense and past participle of regular verbs.


Mark the option in which the -ed ending pronunciation is the same.

Alternativas
Q3877292 Inglês
Dominar a pronúncia é um dos maiores desafios que enfrentamos ao aprender uma língua estrangeira. Precisamos conseguir ouvir, compreender e reproduzir sons que não fazem parte da nossa língua materna para adquirir fluência plena em outro idioma.
A seguir são apresentadas afirmações de dizem respeito à fonética e à pronúncia da língua inglesa.
Informe se é verdadeiro (V) ou falso (F) cada afirmação feita por Thaïs Cristófaro Silva em Pronúncia do inglês.

( ) Os sons p, b, k, g são todos oclusivos, ou seja, durante a sua produção, ocorre oclusão ou obstrução da passagem da corrente de ar pelo trato vocal.
( ) Os sons θ e ð tem o mesmo correlato ortográfico – que é “th” –, o primeiro é desvozeado e o segundo é vozeado.
( ) As palavras “leave” e “live” têm a mesma pronúncia e apresentam uma vogal longa.
( ) Não existem consoantes laterais na língua inglesa porque não existe o som lh, como na palavra “milho”.
( ) Os sons tʃ e dʒ são africados, o primeiro está presente na palavra “soldier" e o segundo está presente na palavra “choice”.

De acordo com as afirmações, a sequência correta é: 
Alternativas
Q3877291 Inglês
A Base Nacional Comum Curricular da área de Linguagens e suas Tecnologias busca consolidar e ampliar as aprendizagens previstas na BNCC do Ensino Fundamental nos componentes Língua Portuguesa, Arte, Educação Física e Língua Inglesa – observada a garantia dos direitos linguísticos aos diferentes povos e grupos sociais brasileiros.
Avalie as sentenças abaixo sobre a Base Nacional Comum Curricular.

I- A BNCC prevê que os estudantes desenvolvam competências e habilidades que lhes possibilitem mobilizar e articular conhecimentos dos componentes de Linguagens e suas Tecnologias simultaneamente a dimensões socioemocionais, em situações de aprendizagem que lhes sejam significativas e relevantes para sua formação integral.

II- A BNCC considera os fundamentos básicos de ensino e aprendizagem das Linguagens, que, ao longo de mais de três décadas, têm se comprometido com uma formação voltada a possibilitar uma participação mais plena dos jovens nas diferentes práticas socioculturais que envolvem o uso das linguagens.

III- No Ensino Médio, a contextualização das práticas de linguagem nos diversos campos de atuação permite aos estudantes explorar a presença da unicidade de usos da língua inglesa na cultura digital, nas culturas infantis e em estudos e pesquisas, como também ampliar suas perspectivas em relação à sua vida pessoal e profissional.

IV- Deve-se buscar expandir os repertórios linguísticos, unissemióticos e culturais dos estudantes, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de maior consciência e reflexão críticas das funções e usos do inglês na sociedade contemporânea – permitindo, por exemplo, problematizar com maior criticidade os motivos pelos quais ela se tornou uma língua de uso local.

V- Nas situações de aprendizagem do inglês, os estudantes podem reconhecer o caráter fluido, dinâmico e particular dessa língua, como também as marcas identitárias e de singularidade de seus usuários, de modo a ampliar suas vivências com outras formas de organizar, dizer e valorizar o mundo e de construir identidades.



Está correto apenas o que se afirma em
Alternativas
Q3877290 Inglês
When we want to report what someone said, we can use “direct speech” or “reported speech”.
Read this statement:
“Mr. Mason has gone out.” the secretary told me.
The correct sentence that maintains the meaning of the situation above, in reported speech, is: 
Alternativas
Q3877289 Inglês
We can use if with many different structures.
Read the situation.
She didn’t have time. She didn’t go shopping.
The correct sentence that maintains the meaning of the situation above is: 
Alternativas
Q3877287 Inglês
Prepositions show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence, often by indicating relationships of location, time, direction, and manner. They act as connector words, linking a noun to the rest of the sentence to provide clarity and detail about where, when, or how something is happening or connected.
Considering the use of prepositions in the English language, fill in the blanks with the words indicated below. Each word indicated can be used once or many times or it cannot be used at all.

A: What are you doing ______ Saturday? B: I'm playing hockey ______ noon. A: Can you go to a movie after your game? It starts ______ 8:00. B: Sounds like a plan! See you ______ 8 sharp.

The sequence that correctly fills in the blanks is:
Alternativas
Q3877286 Inglês
Sometimes we talk about something that happened in the past. Then, we refer to things that happened before this time.
The verb tense used to refer to things that happened before the past and the sentence in front of it that exemplifies this verb tense are respectively:
Alternativas
Q3877285 Inglês
Language Teaching Methodology:
A Text-based Approach

What is a text-based approach to language teaching?

A text-based approach entails:

1. Linking spoken and written texts to the cultural context of their use.

2. Designing units of work that focus on developing skills in relation to whole texts.

3. Providing students with guided practice as they develop language skills for meaningful communication through whole texts.


(…) The objective of this approach is to make students acquainted with several texts which have a different context. The result will be the following: students will “produce and understand oral and written discourse in various natural or stimulated communicative settings in which they participate with a specific and explicit intention” (Mumba and Mkandawire, 2019, n.p.).

According to this teaching approach, the ability to understand different types of text helps to strengthen overall communicative skills in a second language.

How does a text-based language teaching strategy work?

“The Text-based Integrated Approach means that a series of lessons probably one or two weeks’ work will comprise a unit which centre around a written text. This will have to be chosen carefully by the teacher for its suitability in terms of interest, level of difficulty, and appropriateness to the learners” (Mumba and Mkandawire, 2019, n.p.).

A language, after all, does incorporate different texts. For instance, rather than just teaching isolated words such as teeth, we can make up a story about how important it is to brush our teeth, at least twice a day in order to avoid visits to the dentist. It appears from different studies that students, at any age, learn more effectively when grammar and vocabulary are taught altogether. And, when the teaching material makes students enthusiastic. Consequently, it is recommended to choose texts which will trigger interest. For instance, young children may be interested in animals and cartoons whereas older ones will find topics such as movies, music, sports, or even politics more appealing.

We can divide the language learning activities under the text-based approach into two different categories: Working on the text and working from the text.

Working on the text includes exercises that test the student’s understanding of the text. Among them, there are exercises like gap-filling (or fillin-the-blanks), writing summary, linking actions, paraphrasing, and sequencing events for example.

Among working from the text exercises, there are debating the idea presented in the text, finding arguments for and against the topic or thesis presented by the text, developing a conversation between student groups using the text’s topic and vocabulary. Working from the text activities test the student’s ability to decode at a deeper level the message of the text and to use the information learned in a communicative context. Such activities allow for training both the student’s reading and speaking skills.

What are the main advantages of the text-based language teaching approach?

Lessons can integrate debates, roles plays, drama, or any sort of competition if preparation is given. This method implies that “teaching should focus on all the four language skills (speaking, reading, writing and listening). All activities are designed with reference to a particular text” (Mumba and Mkandawire, 2019, n.p.). This particular method seems to increase memorization and overall learning. As Study.com points out students can understand the meaning of new words by themselves by reading them in context and can also quickly acquire new vocabulary that evolves around that one topic.


Disponível em: https://sanako.com/a-text-based-language-teaching-methodology. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2025. (Adaptado).
What are the benefits from the text-based language teaching approach?
Alternativas
Q3877284 Inglês
Language Teaching Methodology:
A Text-based Approach

What is a text-based approach to language teaching?

A text-based approach entails:

1. Linking spoken and written texts to the cultural context of their use.

2. Designing units of work that focus on developing skills in relation to whole texts.

3. Providing students with guided practice as they develop language skills for meaningful communication through whole texts.


(…) The objective of this approach is to make students acquainted with several texts which have a different context. The result will be the following: students will “produce and understand oral and written discourse in various natural or stimulated communicative settings in which they participate with a specific and explicit intention” (Mumba and Mkandawire, 2019, n.p.).

According to this teaching approach, the ability to understand different types of text helps to strengthen overall communicative skills in a second language.

How does a text-based language teaching strategy work?

“The Text-based Integrated Approach means that a series of lessons probably one or two weeks’ work will comprise a unit which centre around a written text. This will have to be chosen carefully by the teacher for its suitability in terms of interest, level of difficulty, and appropriateness to the learners” (Mumba and Mkandawire, 2019, n.p.).

A language, after all, does incorporate different texts. For instance, rather than just teaching isolated words such as teeth, we can make up a story about how important it is to brush our teeth, at least twice a day in order to avoid visits to the dentist. It appears from different studies that students, at any age, learn more effectively when grammar and vocabulary are taught altogether. And, when the teaching material makes students enthusiastic. Consequently, it is recommended to choose texts which will trigger interest. For instance, young children may be interested in animals and cartoons whereas older ones will find topics such as movies, music, sports, or even politics more appealing.

We can divide the language learning activities under the text-based approach into two different categories: Working on the text and working from the text.

Working on the text includes exercises that test the student’s understanding of the text. Among them, there are exercises like gap-filling (or fillin-the-blanks), writing summary, linking actions, paraphrasing, and sequencing events for example.

Among working from the text exercises, there are debating the idea presented in the text, finding arguments for and against the topic or thesis presented by the text, developing a conversation between student groups using the text’s topic and vocabulary. Working from the text activities test the student’s ability to decode at a deeper level the message of the text and to use the information learned in a communicative context. Such activities allow for training both the student’s reading and speaking skills.

What are the main advantages of the text-based language teaching approach?

Lessons can integrate debates, roles plays, drama, or any sort of competition if preparation is given. This method implies that “teaching should focus on all the four language skills (speaking, reading, writing and listening). All activities are designed with reference to a particular text” (Mumba and Mkandawire, 2019, n.p.). This particular method seems to increase memorization and overall learning. As Study.com points out students can understand the meaning of new words by themselves by reading them in context and can also quickly acquire new vocabulary that evolves around that one topic.


Disponível em: https://sanako.com/a-text-based-language-teaching-methodology. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2025. (Adaptado).
How does a text-based language teaching strategy work?
Alternativas
Q3877283 Inglês
Language Teaching Methodology:
A Text-based Approach

What is a text-based approach to language teaching?

A text-based approach entails:

1. Linking spoken and written texts to the cultural context of their use.

2. Designing units of work that focus on developing skills in relation to whole texts.

3. Providing students with guided practice as they develop language skills for meaningful communication through whole texts.


(…) The objective of this approach is to make students acquainted with several texts which have a different context. The result will be the following: students will “produce and understand oral and written discourse in various natural or stimulated communicative settings in which they participate with a specific and explicit intention” (Mumba and Mkandawire, 2019, n.p.).

According to this teaching approach, the ability to understand different types of text helps to strengthen overall communicative skills in a second language.

How does a text-based language teaching strategy work?

“The Text-based Integrated Approach means that a series of lessons probably one or two weeks’ work will comprise a unit which centre around a written text. This will have to be chosen carefully by the teacher for its suitability in terms of interest, level of difficulty, and appropriateness to the learners” (Mumba and Mkandawire, 2019, n.p.).

A language, after all, does incorporate different texts. For instance, rather than just teaching isolated words such as teeth, we can make up a story about how important it is to brush our teeth, at least twice a day in order to avoid visits to the dentist. It appears from different studies that students, at any age, learn more effectively when grammar and vocabulary are taught altogether. And, when the teaching material makes students enthusiastic. Consequently, it is recommended to choose texts which will trigger interest. For instance, young children may be interested in animals and cartoons whereas older ones will find topics such as movies, music, sports, or even politics more appealing.

We can divide the language learning activities under the text-based approach into two different categories: Working on the text and working from the text.

Working on the text includes exercises that test the student’s understanding of the text. Among them, there are exercises like gap-filling (or fillin-the-blanks), writing summary, linking actions, paraphrasing, and sequencing events for example.

Among working from the text exercises, there are debating the idea presented in the text, finding arguments for and against the topic or thesis presented by the text, developing a conversation between student groups using the text’s topic and vocabulary. Working from the text activities test the student’s ability to decode at a deeper level the message of the text and to use the information learned in a communicative context. Such activities allow for training both the student’s reading and speaking skills.

What are the main advantages of the text-based language teaching approach?

Lessons can integrate debates, roles plays, drama, or any sort of competition if preparation is given. This method implies that “teaching should focus on all the four language skills (speaking, reading, writing and listening). All activities are designed with reference to a particular text” (Mumba and Mkandawire, 2019, n.p.). This particular method seems to increase memorization and overall learning. As Study.com points out students can understand the meaning of new words by themselves by reading them in context and can also quickly acquire new vocabulary that evolves around that one topic.


Disponível em: https://sanako.com/a-text-based-language-teaching-methodology. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2025. (Adaptado).
What does a Text-based Approach imply?
Alternativas
Respostas
2161: A
2162: A
2163: B
2164: B
2165: C
2166: D
2167: D
2168: C
2169: A
2170: E
2171: D
2172: C
2173: B
2174: E
2175: E
2176: E
2177: B
2178: D
2179: A
2180: C