Macrossomia fetal: por que alguns bebês nascem com peso acima do normal 

Por Redação Pais e Filhos 

(Disponível em: bebe.abril.com.br/saude/macrossomia-fetal-por-que-alguns-bebes-nascem-com-peso-acimado-normal/?post_type=materias_elegiveis – texto adaptado especialmente para esta prova). 

Read the text to answer the question. 

   The archetype of the classic witch is a cornerstone of global folklore and fiction, often depicted as a formidable and sinister antagonist. These figures are deeply embedded in collective storytelling, usually characterized by their malevolent intentions towards protagonists, especially innocent children or virtuous heroes. Their narrative role is fundamentally to embody the forces of darkness, chaos, or forbidden knowledge, creating a clear moral contrast and a formidable obstacle for the main characters to overcome. From European fairy tales to modern pop culture, the classic witch serves as a powerful symbol of fear and the supernatural.

    Physically, the traditional witch is frequently described as an old, haggard woman with exaggeratedly ugly features, which visually symbolizes her inner corruption and alienation from societal norms. Common traits include a long, hooked nose, warts, disheveled gray hair, and crooked fingers. She is typically clothed in dark, ragged robes and a pointed, wide-brimmed hat, an image popularized and solidified by Western media. This distinct and fearsome appearance is designed to evoke immediate unease and signal her dangerous nature to the audience.

   The classic witch's power is intrinsically linked to specific magical tools and practices. The bubbling cauldron is her quintessential instrument, used for brewing potent potions, casting spells, and concocting mysterious elixirs. Her magic often involves ancient books ofspells, enchanted mirrors that show more than mere reflections, and the command over supernatural familiars like black cats, crows, or toads. These elements are not just props; they are extensions of her will and the sources of her power, which she uses to curse, transform, or deceive those who cross her path.

This archetype finds vivid expression in some of the most famous villains of literature and film. The Wicked Witch of the West from The Wizard of Oz menaces Dorothy with her command over flying monkeys and her thirst for revenge. The Evil Queen from Snow White, obsessed with being the "fairest of them all," uses a poisoned apple in her deadly scheme. Similarly, Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty is a figure of pure vengeance, cursing an infant princess to a sleep-like death. Beyond Anglo-American tales, other cultures have their own versions, such as Brazil's Cuca, a child-eating alligator-witch from Sítio do Picapau Amarelo.

   However, the portrayal of the witch is not monolithic and has evolved to include more nuanced or comedic figures. In the Mexican sitcom El Chavo del Ocho, Doña Clotilde, nicknamed "La Bruja del 71," is a neighborhood eccentric whose witch persona is more a source of gossip and lighthearted fear than genuine evil. Furthermore, modern narratives like the film Hocus Pocus present the Sanderson sisters as a blend of the classic tropes—complete with spell books and a thirst for youth—but with a comedic and less terrifying demeanor, showcasing the adaptability and enduring fascination with this iconic character type.