Questões de Concurso Sobre linguística

Foram encontradas 1.440 questões

Q4096492 Linguística
Linguistic variation also reflects social identity and cultural background. Which variety of English is primarily associated with African American communities in the United States and has unique grammatical, phonological, and lexical features?
Alternativas
Q4094086 Linguística
Consider the situation below:
“A: video? some doc – documentary about Climate Change hm hm hm yeah and . . . it B: yes and . . . and you know if you have a Climate Change policy in the future you, you might not A: it’s an immoral yes immoral because er Climate Change means anyway they restrict economic rights B: no no no, I mean – er you mean that Climate Change is immoral and we shouldn’t restrict A: which one is first? . . . the Climate Change eh yes? . . . what do you think, B: the reason that I er I’m against the Climate Change policy . . . when I was at school mh I A: very hard for the government. If er the Climate Change policy is not permitted and they will B: Climate Change? eh yes? . . . what do you think, Climate Change is an immoral act or not? hmm,”
The provided text analyzes a conversation in which the controversial concept of “Climate Change” functions as a keyword and is notably often preceded by the definite article ('the Climate Change'). This signals that speakers are often referring to the concept in general terms, which can heighten its sensitive, abstract, and politicized nature.
In your role as a Technical Specialist in Educational Affairs, advising a research team preparing a publication on an equally controversial, general concept (e.g., 'sustainable development equity' or 'global carbon tax') for an international journal, which directive best integrates Communicative Competence in ELF with the principles of Interculturality when addressing such “keywords”? Adapted from: DEWEY, Martin. English as a lingua franca and globalization: an interconnected perspective. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, v. 17, n. 3, 2007, p. 340.
Alternativas
Q4094077 Linguística
A graduate research project involving the university you work for and a key German partner (whose researchers are non-native English speakers) has stalled due to a series of misinterpreted emails. The German partner found the Brazilian emails too direct and 'unprofessional' (low-context communication style), while the Brazilian team viewed the German responses as 'excessively formal and slow.'
In this case, which strategic action best demonstrates the application of Communicative Competence in an English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) and Interculturality context to resolve the impasse and provide capacity building to the Brazilian team?
Alternativas
Q4094072 Linguística
The institutional curriculum requires an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) module, which is essential for graduation and aims to enhance international research collaboration. A group of students refuses to engage actively, citing the perspective that English represents ‘linguistic imperialism’ and that participation validates cultural and economic imposition (Linguicism). You, as the person responsible for Internationalization, must develop a strategy to address this resistance.
Based on the critical perspective that you must go beyond methodology to consider political issues, analyze the following proposed actions and choose the correct alternative.
I. Initiate a mandatory, analytical seminar where students collectively debate how English is used in their field’s research, emphasizing that active engagement is key to preventing selfexclusion from global knowledge. II. Remove the EAP module from the curriculum, respecting the students’ resistance as a political decision to reject linguistic imperialism. III. Focus on improving students' grammar and vocabulary to native standards, dismissing their political arguments as irrelevant to communicative skills. IV. Promote a discussion where the EAP course is reframed to focus on English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), highlighting its use by non-native speakers to publish and circulate Global South research. V. Transfer the course to the History department, arguing that the political issues related to English are not the responsibility of the Internationalization Office.
Alternativas
Q4042314 Linguística
A produção de textos, enquanto objeto de ensino e campo teórico, articula princípios da linguística textual, dos estudos do discurso, da teoria dos gêneros e das perspectivas sociocognitivas da linguagem. Essa articulação envolve decisões enunciativas, operações de referenciação, escolhas estilísticas e negociações de sentidos que se configuram no encontro entre autor, texto, interlocutor e contexto discursivo.
À luz dessas abordagens contemporâneas, assinale a alternativa que apresenta a compreensão coerente, em termos teóricos, sobre a natureza do ato de produzir textos:
Alternativas
Q4037190 Linguística
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

New research unveils the "dark side" of social media influencers and their impact on marketing and consumer behaviour

Social media influencers (SMIs) pose psychological, health and security risks and need tighter regulation, a new study finds.

SMIs have revolutionised marketing, shaping consumer behaviour, brand strategies, and even societal norms. However, new research exposes a lesser-known side of influencer culture, one that raises ethical, psychological, and regulatory concerns.

A recent study by the University of Portsmouth systematically examines the negative impacts of SMIs, highlighting issues such as misinformation, endorsement of dangerous products, unrealistic beauty standards, the fostering of a comparison culture, deceptive consumption, and privacy risks.

With influencer marketing projected to reach an estimated $480 billion by 2027, companies increasingly rely on SMIs to promote products and foster consumer trust.

A Digital Marketing Institute (2024) survey found that 60 per cent of consumers trust influencer recommendations, with nearly half of all purchasing decisions being influenced by these endorsements. However, as influencer culture grows, so do concerns about its unintended consequences. 

Many SMIs act as opinion leaders or experts within their respective areas, frequently reviewing products and leveraging their authority, expertise, or relationships with followers to influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire and entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception and damage, and their impact on consumption, need to be carefully regulated.

Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the University of Portsmouth

The paper, published in Psychology and Marketing, warns power of SMIs is creating a worrying consumer landscape. Unlike traditional celebrities, whose fame is typically rooted in institutional settings - such as acting, music, or sports - SMIs gain recognition through social media platforms, often relying on personal branding and consistent engagement with their audiences.

Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the University of Portsmouth, said: "Many SMIs act as opinion leaders or experts within their respective areas, frequently reviewing products and leveraging their authority, expertise, or relationships with followers to influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire and entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception and damage, and their impact on consumption, need to be carefully regulated."

This study organises the negative aspects of influencer marketing into six key themes:

1. Promotion of harmful products − SMIs often endorse unhealthy or dangerous products such as diet pills, detox teas, and alcohol without full disclosure, influencing consumption habits, particularly among younger audiences.

2. Dissemination of misinformation − many influencers, despite lacking expertise, spread false information about health, politics, and social issues, leading to widespread disinformation.

3. Reinforcement of unrealistic beauty standards − by presenting filtered and curated images, influencers contribute to body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem, and harmful beauty practices.

4. Fostering of comparison culture − influencer-driven content fuels lifestyle envy and social anxiety, leading to negative self-comparison and diminished wellbeing.

5. Deceptive consumption practices − some influencers engage in unethical behaviours such as undisclosed sponsorships, promotion of counterfeit goods, and misleading advertisements, undermining consumer trust.

6. Privacy concerns − the extensive data collection and sharing by influencers raise significant security and regulatory issues, posing risks for both influencers and followers.

Social media influencers hold immense power over consumer decisions and cultural norms. While they provide entertainment, inspiration, and brand engagement, the unchecked influence of some SMIs can lead to serious ethical and psychological consequences. Our study highlights the urgency for both academic and industry stakeholders to address these challenges proactively.

Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of Portsmouth

The study calls for more stringent oversight, increased transparency, and ethical marketing strategies to mitigate these risks. Researchers suggest the following strategies for policymakers and marketeers:

•Transparency and ethical compliance: brands must enforce clear disclosure policies to ensure responsible influencer partnerships. 

• Regulation and consumer protection: governments should strengthen policies on influencer marketing to prevent deceptive practices and misinformation. 

• Mental health awareness: companies and influencers must prioritize authentic content that promotes well-being rather than unattainable ideals. 

• Data privacy protections: stronger safeguards and awareness campaigns are needed to protect users from privacy breaches and data exploitation.

Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of Portsmouth, said: "Social media influencers hold immense power over consumer decisions and cultural norms. While they provide entertainment, inspiration, and brand engagement, the unchecked influence of some SMIs can lead to serious ethical and psychological consequences. Our study highlights the urgency for both academic and industry stakeholders to address these challenges proactively."

This research offers a critical framework for analysing influencer culture beyond its commercial benefits, emphasising the need for ethical marketing practices and a healthier digital ecosystem.


https://www.port.ac.uk/news-events-and-blogs/news/new-research-unv eils-the-dark-side-of-social-media-influencers-and-their-impact-on-mark eting-and-consumer-behaviour
A semantics and pragmatics professor is conducting a workshop on euphemism, hedging, and evaluative language in academic discourse, using the influencer research article as illustrative material. The professor draws attention to expressions like "lesser-known side," "dark side" (in quotation marks), "unchecked influence," "unintended consequences," and "proactively." The professor explains how academic writers strategically employ evaluative lexis, metaphorical framing, and hedging devices to construct authoritative yet measured arguments about controversial topics. When discussing the pragmatic functions of these linguistic choices and their role in maintaining academic credibility while making strong claims about negative phenomena, particularly analyzing how quotation marks around "dark side" signal metalinguistic awareness and how adverbs like "proactively" carry implicit evaluative force, which statement demonstrates the most sophisticated understanding of semantic nuance and pragmatic functionality in academic discourse?
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Q4035371 Linguística
Através das pesquisas em psicolinguística, foram consolidadas ferramentas que ajudam a compreender como as pessoas aprendem e processam a linguagem.
Considerando os conhecimentos sobre essa área, julgue as afirmativas:
I.A psicolinguística é a ciência que estuda a forma como adquirimos, compreendemos, produzimos e elaboramos a linguagem.
II.A psicolinguística concentra-se na análise dos fatores psicológicos e neurológicos que influenciam a linguagem.
III.A psicolinguística, em relação ao uso da linguagem, procura as formas mais elegantes, formais e abstratas da linguagem.
IV. Na linguística, a unidade mínima de som distintivo é o fonema, enquanto a psicolinguística estuda a linguagem considerando múltiplas unidades de análise, como fonemas, sílabas, palavras e sentenças, dependendo do processo cognitivo envolvido.

É correto o que se afirma em:
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Q4034602 Linguística
A filosofia da linguagem é o ramo da filosofia que se dedica a quatro questões fundamentais e às delas derivadas: a natureza do significado, o uso da linguagem, a compreensão da linguagem e a relação da linguagem com a realidade.
No estudo da linguagem, a 'natureza do significado' diz respeito à investigação:
Alternativas
Q4034598 Linguística
 A importância da Etimologia, da Estilística e da Pragmática está em oferecer diferentes camadas de análise sobre a linguagem. Juntas, essas áreas fornecem uma compreensão mais completa do significado e do uso da comunicação.
Com base nessas três camadas de análise linguística, relacione a Coluna A com cada característica apresentada na Coluna B.

Coluna A
1.Pragmática. 2.Estilística. 3.Etimologia.
Coluna B
(__)É a análise da trajetória histórica das palavras, investigando sua origem e o desenvolvimento que sofreram ao longo do tempo. Essa área da linguística se dedica a identificar os étimos, ou seja, os vocábulos que deram origem a outros termos.

(__)Trata-se de um dos ramos da linguística responsável pela análise dos discursos em distintas situações comunicativas, levando em consideração fatores contextuais e incorporando conceitos de outras áreas, como a sintaxe, que estuda a construção dos enunciados, e a semântica, que se ocupa dos significados.

(__)Analisa a linguagem e sua capacidade de conferir maior ou menor expressividade e beleza às mensagens, sendo, por isso, especialmente relevante nos contextos literários. Enquanto a Gramática se ocupa da norma culta, essa área complementa os estudos linguísticos ao enfatizar a função expressiva dos discursos.


A sequência numérica que completa os itens acima, de cima para baixo, é: 
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Q4034383 Linguística

Consider the dialogue below:


A: "Can you pass the salt?"

B: "Sure." (passes it)


From a pragmatic perspective, the utterance "Can you pass the salt?" exemplifies: 

Alternativas
Q4034365 Linguística

Cold Kimchi Tomato Bibim Noodles





Ingredients

For the sauce

 3 tablespoons tomato paste

 2 tablespoons gochujang

 1 teaspoon kosher salt

 1 1/2 tablespoons sesame oil

 3 tablespoons apple cider vinegar

 3 tablespoons kimchi juice

 1 tablespoon honey

 1 cup chopped kimchi

For the noodles

150 grams somen noodles

For the toppings

 2 Persian cucumbers, sliced into matchsticks

 1 shallot, minced

 2 cups cherry tomatoes, halved

 2 soft-boiled eggs (7 minutes, jammy yolks)

 4 radishes, thinly sliced

To finish

Extra sesame oil, for drizzling

 2 tablespoons furikake

Handful of cilantro

Directions

•Step 1


Make the sauce: In a medium bowl, whisk together the tomato paste, gochujang, salt, sesame oil, vinegar, kimchi juice, and honey until smooth. Stir in the chopped kimchi until evenly coated.

•Step 2 

Cook the noodles: Bring a pot of water to a rolling boil. Add the somen noodles and cook for 3 to 4 minutes, until just tender. Drain and rinse under cold water until completely cooled, then shake off excess water.

•Step 3

Toss together: Add the chilled noodles to the sauce bowl. Using tongs, gently mix until each strand is coated in the kimchi-gochujang sauce. 

•Step 4

Assemble: Divide the noodles between bowls. Top with cucumbers, shallot, tomatoes, soft-boiled eggs, and radishes. 

•Step 5

Finish & serve: Drizzle with a little extra sesame oil, sprinkle with furikake, and top with cilantro. Mix everything together at the table before eating.



https://food52.com/recipes/cold-kimchi-tomato-bibim-noodles
Read the following excerpt from the recipe:
"Bring a pot of water to a rolling boil. Add the somen noodles and cook for 3 to 4 minutes, until just tender. Drain and rinse under cold water until completely cooled, then shake off excess water."An English teacher specializing in pragmatics and speech act theory is analyzing this instructional sequence with advanced students. When examining the illocutionary force of imperative constructions in procedural discourse and their pragmatic functions within the recipe genre, particularly how directives function to guide reader behavior while maintaining cooperative communication principles, the teacher should recognize that: 
Alternativas
Q4034362 Linguística

Cold Kimchi Tomato Bibim Noodles





Ingredients

For the sauce

 3 tablespoons tomato paste

 2 tablespoons gochujang

 1 teaspoon kosher salt

 1 1/2 tablespoons sesame oil

 3 tablespoons apple cider vinegar

 3 tablespoons kimchi juice

 1 tablespoon honey

 1 cup chopped kimchi

For the noodles

150 grams somen noodles

For the toppings

 2 Persian cucumbers, sliced into matchsticks

 1 shallot, minced

 2 cups cherry tomatoes, halved

 2 soft-boiled eggs (7 minutes, jammy yolks)

 4 radishes, thinly sliced

To finish

Extra sesame oil, for drizzling

 2 tablespoons furikake

Handful of cilantro

Directions

•Step 1


Make the sauce: In a medium bowl, whisk together the tomato paste, gochujang, salt, sesame oil, vinegar, kimchi juice, and honey until smooth. Stir in the chopped kimchi until evenly coated.

•Step 2 

Cook the noodles: Bring a pot of water to a rolling boil. Add the somen noodles and cook for 3 to 4 minutes, until just tender. Drain and rinse under cold water until completely cooled, then shake off excess water.

•Step 3

Toss together: Add the chilled noodles to the sauce bowl. Using tongs, gently mix until each strand is coated in the kimchi-gochujang sauce. 

•Step 4

Assemble: Divide the noodles between bowls. Top with cucumbers, shallot, tomatoes, soft-boiled eggs, and radishes. 

•Step 5

Finish & serve: Drizzle with a little extra sesame oil, sprinkle with furikake, and top with cilantro. Mix everything together at the table before eating.



https://food52.com/recipes/cold-kimchi-tomato-bibim-noodles
Analyze the semantic aspects below:
An English semantics professor is teaching a graduate seminar on polysemy and context-dependent meaning using culinary vocabulary from the recipe. The professor highlights the word "tender" in the instruction "cook for 3 to 4 minutes, until just tender" and asks students to analyze its semantic range across different contexts: "tender meat," "a tender moment," "legal tender," "tender loving care," and "tender one's resignation." When discussing how context disambiguates polysemous meanings and how semantic features shift across different domains (physical texture, emotional quality, monetary function, affectionate care, formal offering), which linguistic analysis demonstrates the most sophisticated understanding of lexical semantics?
Alternativas
Q3999196 Linguística
De acordo com dados lingüísticos colhidos em gravações na Tabatinga, a Língua do Negro da Costa tem origem para qual tipo lingüístico? 
Alternativas
Q3985489 Linguística
Ferdinand de Saussure definiu conceitos fundamentais para a delimitação da linguística enquanto ciência moderna e, entre eles, a separação entre língua, fala e linguagem tem lugar privilegiado. Como a linguística científica, na definição de Saussure, tem na língua seu objeto central, pois compreende que a língua é o elemento social, independente dos indivíduos e relativamente fixo, passível de se descrever enquanto sistema, a linguagem tende a emergir como conceito chave para compreender o próprio lugar deste objeto principal da ciência, então, em ascensão.
Por meio do corte entre língua e fala, Saussure insere uma nova perspectiva de observação científica na linguística e, por meio de sua teoria do valor linguístico, estabelece a possibilidade de compreender o funcionamento do sistema da língua. A linguagem em Saussure se torna, assim, um objeto de estudo multifacetado.

Vinicius Siqueira https://colunastortas.com.br/a-linguagem-ferdinand-de-saussure/
De acordo com Saussure, a língua é considerada o objeto central da linguística porque a:
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Q3983248 Linguística

De acordo com a BNCC para o Ensino Fundamental, o estudo da estrutura linguística deve contribuir para que os alunos:


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Q3979158 Linguística
Diferentes teorias explicam o desenvolvimento da linguagem humana, cada uma com uma perspectiva distinta sobre seus mecanismos. Em relação à teoria inatista de Noam Chomsky, qual das seguintes afirmações é correta?
Alternativas
Q3899022 Linguística
Considerando os fundamentos epistemológicos que sustentam a avaliação no processo de alfabetização e letramento, assinale a alternativa que apresenta a proposição teoricamente consistente com a concepção discursiva e interacionista da linguagem, conforme delineada nas principais correntes da linguística aplicada à educação.
Alternativas
Q3894887 Linguística
A Semântica é o ramo da linguística que estuda o significado das palavras e as relações de sentido que se estabelecem entre elas. O domínio do léxico passa pela compreensão desses fenômenos, que são fundamentais para a interpretação e produção de textos coesos e precisos. Conceitos como sinonímia (mesmo sentido), antonímia (sentido oposto), homonímia (mesma pronúncia/grafia, mas sentidos diferentes e origens distintas) e polissemia (uma única palavra com vários sentidos relacionados) são ferramentas de análise textual que o professor de Língua Portuguesa deve explorar exaustivamente.

Acerca das relações semânticas, marque V, para as afirmativas verdadeiras, e F, para as falsas:

(__)A polissemia ocorre quando uma mesma palavra (um único verbete no dicionário) adquire múltiplos significados ao longo do tempo, como a palavra 'banco' (de sentar, instituição financeira).
(__)A homonímia homófona ocorre entre palavras com grafias iguais, mas sons diferentes, como 'colher' (verbo) e 'colher' (substantivo).
(__)A relação entre 'acender' (atear fogo) e 'ascender' (subir) é um exemplo de paronímia, pois são palavras com pronúncia e grafia semelhantes, mas significados distintos.
(__)Sinonímia perfeita, onde duas palavras são absolutamente intercambiáveis em todos os contextos sem qualquer alteração de sentido ou estilo, é um fenômeno comum na língua.

Após análise, assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência correta dos itens acima, de cima para baixo:
Alternativas
Q3891734 Linguística
Among linguistic concepts, intentionality:  
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Q3891729 Linguística
Regarding concepts and characteristics of a text, it is correct to affirm, except:  
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Respostas
381: E
382: A
383: B
384: B
385: C
386: B
387: C
388: A
389: B
390: C
391: C
392: B
393: D
394: B
395: A
396: C
397: C
398: A
399: D
400: B