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Foram encontradas 25.501 questões

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Q3407910
Inglês Verbos | Verbs , Imperativo | Imperative ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Avança SP Órgão: Prefeitura de Caçapava - SP Prova: Avança SP - 2024 - Prefeitura de Caçapava - SP - Professor II - Inglês |
Q3407910 Inglês
Read the text to answer question.


   "I’m not a naturally wrathful person. I don’t like to (and usually don’t) lose my temper. The exception is when drivers ignore pedestrian right of way. I will, whether I’m a few steps or a few miles into my walk, admonish them — loudly and none too gently. (They, of course, cannot hear me inside their cars.)

   It’s hard to shake the impression that New York City’s drivers have become more aggressive. They run reds, viciously honk and yell at pedestrians who clearly have the right of way and generally endanger the lives of those on foot.

   From 2009 to 2022, an average of 136 pedestrians were killed each year by traffic in the city. The numbers have gone down slightly — to 99 in 2023 — but cyclist deaths have climbed, though they remain a small fraction of pedestrian deaths. (The city’s decision to give pedestrians a head start at many intersections, where walk signals turn white before streetlights go green, may be helping.)

   In the United States generally, walking has become far more dangerous. The number of pedestrian fatalities nationally has climbed more than 80 percent in the past 15 years, largely because of increasingly hazardous automotive design. Some police departments effectively no longer punish drivers for any traffic infractions. San Francisco’s police officers “have almost entirely abandoned enforcement of traffic laws,” The Times’s Heather Knight reported.

  All of this calls not just for policy changes such as automobile regulation, improved policing and better urban planning but also for a more assertive pedestrian culture. Aggressive drivers have exacerbated this problem; aggressive pedestrians can help solve it."


Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/02/27/opinion/thepoint#pedestrian-safetyassertiveness
Identify the mood of the verb in the sentence "I will, whether I’m a few steps or a few miles into my walk, admonish them — loudly and none too gently." 
Alternativas
Q3407909
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Avança SP Órgão: Prefeitura de Caçapava - SP Prova: Avança SP - 2024 - Prefeitura de Caçapava - SP - Professor II - Inglês |
Q3407909 Inglês
Read the text to answer question.


   "I’m not a naturally wrathful person. I don’t like to (and usually don’t) lose my temper. The exception is when drivers ignore pedestrian right of way. I will, whether I’m a few steps or a few miles into my walk, admonish them — loudly and none too gently. (They, of course, cannot hear me inside their cars.)

   It’s hard to shake the impression that New York City’s drivers have become more aggressive. They run reds, viciously honk and yell at pedestrians who clearly have the right of way and generally endanger the lives of those on foot.

   From 2009 to 2022, an average of 136 pedestrians were killed each year by traffic in the city. The numbers have gone down slightly — to 99 in 2023 — but cyclist deaths have climbed, though they remain a small fraction of pedestrian deaths. (The city’s decision to give pedestrians a head start at many intersections, where walk signals turn white before streetlights go green, may be helping.)

   In the United States generally, walking has become far more dangerous. The number of pedestrian fatalities nationally has climbed more than 80 percent in the past 15 years, largely because of increasingly hazardous automotive design. Some police departments effectively no longer punish drivers for any traffic infractions. San Francisco’s police officers “have almost entirely abandoned enforcement of traffic laws,” The Times’s Heather Knight reported.

  All of this calls not just for policy changes such as automobile regulation, improved policing and better urban planning but also for a more assertive pedestrian culture. Aggressive drivers have exacerbated this problem; aggressive pedestrians can help solve it."


Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/02/27/opinion/thepoint#pedestrian-safetyassertiveness
In the first line of the text, what does the word "wrathful" best describe in the context of the text?
Alternativas
Q3407908
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Avança SP Órgão: Prefeitura de Caçapava - SP Prova: Avança SP - 2024 - Prefeitura de Caçapava - SP - Professor II - Inglês |
Q3407908 Inglês
Read the text to answer question.


   "I’m not a naturally wrathful person. I don’t like to (and usually don’t) lose my temper. The exception is when drivers ignore pedestrian right of way. I will, whether I’m a few steps or a few miles into my walk, admonish them — loudly and none too gently. (They, of course, cannot hear me inside their cars.)

   It’s hard to shake the impression that New York City’s drivers have become more aggressive. They run reds, viciously honk and yell at pedestrians who clearly have the right of way and generally endanger the lives of those on foot.

   From 2009 to 2022, an average of 136 pedestrians were killed each year by traffic in the city. The numbers have gone down slightly — to 99 in 2023 — but cyclist deaths have climbed, though they remain a small fraction of pedestrian deaths. (The city’s decision to give pedestrians a head start at many intersections, where walk signals turn white before streetlights go green, may be helping.)

   In the United States generally, walking has become far more dangerous. The number of pedestrian fatalities nationally has climbed more than 80 percent in the past 15 years, largely because of increasingly hazardous automotive design. Some police departments effectively no longer punish drivers for any traffic infractions. San Francisco’s police officers “have almost entirely abandoned enforcement of traffic laws,” The Times’s Heather Knight reported.

  All of this calls not just for policy changes such as automobile regulation, improved policing and better urban planning but also for a more assertive pedestrian culture. Aggressive drivers have exacerbated this problem; aggressive pedestrians can help solve it."


Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/02/27/opinion/thepoint#pedestrian-safetyassertiveness
In the context of the passage, how does the author view the role of law enforcement in improving pedestrian safety?
Alternativas
Q3407907
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Avança SP Órgão: Prefeitura de Caçapava - SP Prova: Avança SP - 2024 - Prefeitura de Caçapava - SP - Professor II - Inglês |
Q3407907 Inglês
Read the text to answer question.


   "I’m not a naturally wrathful person. I don’t like to (and usually don’t) lose my temper. The exception is when drivers ignore pedestrian right of way. I will, whether I’m a few steps or a few miles into my walk, admonish them — loudly and none too gently. (They, of course, cannot hear me inside their cars.)

   It’s hard to shake the impression that New York City’s drivers have become more aggressive. They run reds, viciously honk and yell at pedestrians who clearly have the right of way and generally endanger the lives of those on foot.

   From 2009 to 2022, an average of 136 pedestrians were killed each year by traffic in the city. The numbers have gone down slightly — to 99 in 2023 — but cyclist deaths have climbed, though they remain a small fraction of pedestrian deaths. (The city’s decision to give pedestrians a head start at many intersections, where walk signals turn white before streetlights go green, may be helping.)

   In the United States generally, walking has become far more dangerous. The number of pedestrian fatalities nationally has climbed more than 80 percent in the past 15 years, largely because of increasingly hazardous automotive design. Some police departments effectively no longer punish drivers for any traffic infractions. San Francisco’s police officers “have almost entirely abandoned enforcement of traffic laws,” The Times’s Heather Knight reported.

  All of this calls not just for policy changes such as automobile regulation, improved policing and better urban planning but also for a more assertive pedestrian culture. Aggressive drivers have exacerbated this problem; aggressive pedestrians can help solve it."


Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/02/27/opinion/thepoint#pedestrian-safetyassertiveness
According to the text, which factor has significantly contributed to the rise in pedestrian fatalities over the past 15 years in the United States? 
Alternativas
Q3405445
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: AMEOSC Órgão: Prefeitura de Guarujá do Sul - SC Prova: AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Guarujá do Sul - SC - Professor(a) de Inglês |
Q3405445 Inglês
You are preparing to write a persuasive letter to your local government advocating for the implementation of more bicycle lanes in your city. Which of the following should not be included in your letter for it to remain focused and persuasive?
Alternativas
Q3405442
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: AMEOSC Órgão: Prefeitura de Guarujá do Sul - SC Prova: AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Guarujá do Sul - SC - Professor(a) de Inglês |
Q3405442 Inglês
When writing a complaint letter to your local council about a recurring problem with street lighting in your neighborhood, which of the following strategies is least effective in achieving a prompt and positive response?
Alternativas
Q3405436
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: AMEOSC Órgão: Prefeitura de Guarujá do Sul - SC Prova: AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Guarujá do Sul - SC - Professor(a) de Inglês |
Q3405436 Inglês

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.



Vianden Castle History


(1º§) The rocky outcrop above the modern town of Vianden was first fortified in late antiquity. Excavations at the foot of the castle chapel in 1994 led to the discovery that parts of the crumbling masonry of the Late Antique tower must have existed in Merovingian times and that this square building, the only surviving structure from the period known as Late Antiquity, was incorporated into the first medieval castle.


(2º§) The first fortification was built at the beginning of Late Antiquity on the castle hill at an ancient crossroads, where a branch of the great Roman road Reims-Cologne through the Ardennes and the valley of Our led to the valley of the Sauer and through Echternach to Bitburg and Trier, at that time a thriving metropolis.


(3º§) After the Vianden fort was abandoned around 430/440 AD, the Roman Tower seems to have been sufficiently usable to remain a decisive element in the subsequent periods of castle building up to the High Middle Ages.


(4º§) The first medieval fortification was erected on the rocky spur overlooking Vianden around the year 1000. The main part of this fortification consisted of an oval ring wall. This defensive wall, meticulously reinforced with small slabs of slate, was exactly one meter wide. As with the ancient wall, this special construction technique allowed archaeologists to retrace it virtually its entire length. The old late antique moat also remained in use during this period. The entire inner surface of the fortification was leveled by filling the lower defensive wall with stones and earth. This complex also included a hall, used for administrative purposes, and a chapel, which was installed in the remains of the late antique tower.


(5º§) Vianden Castle was extensively rebuilt around 1170. The remains of the wooden scaffolding found in the new residential tower made it possible to determine the date of construction using the three-ring dating technique.


(6º§) Important architectural contributions were made, in Gothic style, between the 13th and 14th centuries by the Counts of Vianden. In 1417 the castle became a possession of the Orange-Nassau family who made changes in the Renaissance style. The castle was long in the possession of the grand-ducal family until it became state property in 1977. After this date, it was restored and shines in its former glory. Today, Vianden Castle is one of the most important architectural monuments in Europe being one of the largest and most beautiful feudal residences of the Romanesque and Gothic periods. In the entrance area there is a modern interactive visitor center.


https://www.histouring.com/en/historical-places/vianden-castle/

Which of the following features was NOT mentioned as part of the first medieval fortification built around the year 1000 at Vianden Castle?
Alternativas
Q3405435
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: AMEOSC Órgão: Prefeitura de Guarujá do Sul - SC Prova: AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Guarujá do Sul - SC - Professor(a) de Inglês |
Q3405435 Inglês

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.



Vianden Castle History


(1º§) The rocky outcrop above the modern town of Vianden was first fortified in late antiquity. Excavations at the foot of the castle chapel in 1994 led to the discovery that parts of the crumbling masonry of the Late Antique tower must have existed in Merovingian times and that this square building, the only surviving structure from the period known as Late Antiquity, was incorporated into the first medieval castle.


(2º§) The first fortification was built at the beginning of Late Antiquity on the castle hill at an ancient crossroads, where a branch of the great Roman road Reims-Cologne through the Ardennes and the valley of Our led to the valley of the Sauer and through Echternach to Bitburg and Trier, at that time a thriving metropolis.


(3º§) After the Vianden fort was abandoned around 430/440 AD, the Roman Tower seems to have been sufficiently usable to remain a decisive element in the subsequent periods of castle building up to the High Middle Ages.


(4º§) The first medieval fortification was erected on the rocky spur overlooking Vianden around the year 1000. The main part of this fortification consisted of an oval ring wall. This defensive wall, meticulously reinforced with small slabs of slate, was exactly one meter wide. As with the ancient wall, this special construction technique allowed archaeologists to retrace it virtually its entire length. The old late antique moat also remained in use during this period. The entire inner surface of the fortification was leveled by filling the lower defensive wall with stones and earth. This complex also included a hall, used for administrative purposes, and a chapel, which was installed in the remains of the late antique tower.


(5º§) Vianden Castle was extensively rebuilt around 1170. The remains of the wooden scaffolding found in the new residential tower made it possible to determine the date of construction using the three-ring dating technique.


(6º§) Important architectural contributions were made, in Gothic style, between the 13th and 14th centuries by the Counts of Vianden. In 1417 the castle became a possession of the Orange-Nassau family who made changes in the Renaissance style. The castle was long in the possession of the grand-ducal family until it became state property in 1977. After this date, it was restored and shines in its former glory. Today, Vianden Castle is one of the most important architectural monuments in Europe being one of the largest and most beautiful feudal residences of the Romanesque and Gothic periods. In the entrance area there is a modern interactive visitor center.


https://www.histouring.com/en/historical-places/vianden-castle/

The term "crumbling" is used in the first paragraph to describe the state of the masonry. What does "crumbling" best imply in this context?
Alternativas
Q3405434
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: AMEOSC Órgão: Prefeitura de Guarujá do Sul - SC Prova: AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Guarujá do Sul - SC - Professor(a) de Inglês |
Q3405434 Inglês

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.



Vianden Castle History


(1º§) The rocky outcrop above the modern town of Vianden was first fortified in late antiquity. Excavations at the foot of the castle chapel in 1994 led to the discovery that parts of the crumbling masonry of the Late Antique tower must have existed in Merovingian times and that this square building, the only surviving structure from the period known as Late Antiquity, was incorporated into the first medieval castle.


(2º§) The first fortification was built at the beginning of Late Antiquity on the castle hill at an ancient crossroads, where a branch of the great Roman road Reims-Cologne through the Ardennes and the valley of Our led to the valley of the Sauer and through Echternach to Bitburg and Trier, at that time a thriving metropolis.


(3º§) After the Vianden fort was abandoned around 430/440 AD, the Roman Tower seems to have been sufficiently usable to remain a decisive element in the subsequent periods of castle building up to the High Middle Ages.


(4º§) The first medieval fortification was erected on the rocky spur overlooking Vianden around the year 1000. The main part of this fortification consisted of an oval ring wall. This defensive wall, meticulously reinforced with small slabs of slate, was exactly one meter wide. As with the ancient wall, this special construction technique allowed archaeologists to retrace it virtually its entire length. The old late antique moat also remained in use during this period. The entire inner surface of the fortification was leveled by filling the lower defensive wall with stones and earth. This complex also included a hall, used for administrative purposes, and a chapel, which was installed in the remains of the late antique tower.


(5º§) Vianden Castle was extensively rebuilt around 1170. The remains of the wooden scaffolding found in the new residential tower made it possible to determine the date of construction using the three-ring dating technique.


(6º§) Important architectural contributions were made, in Gothic style, between the 13th and 14th centuries by the Counts of Vianden. In 1417 the castle became a possession of the Orange-Nassau family who made changes in the Renaissance style. The castle was long in the possession of the grand-ducal family until it became state property in 1977. After this date, it was restored and shines in its former glory. Today, Vianden Castle is one of the most important architectural monuments in Europe being one of the largest and most beautiful feudal residences of the Romanesque and Gothic periods. In the entrance area there is a modern interactive visitor center.


https://www.histouring.com/en/historical-places/vianden-castle/

What historical evidence was used to determine the exact construction period of the new residential tower at Vianden Castle?
Alternativas
Q3405433
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: AMEOSC Órgão: Prefeitura de Guarujá do Sul - SC Prova: AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Guarujá do Sul - SC - Professor(a) de Inglês |
Q3405433 Inglês

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.



Vianden Castle History


(1º§) The rocky outcrop above the modern town of Vianden was first fortified in late antiquity. Excavations at the foot of the castle chapel in 1994 led to the discovery that parts of the crumbling masonry of the Late Antique tower must have existed in Merovingian times and that this square building, the only surviving structure from the period known as Late Antiquity, was incorporated into the first medieval castle.


(2º§) The first fortification was built at the beginning of Late Antiquity on the castle hill at an ancient crossroads, where a branch of the great Roman road Reims-Cologne through the Ardennes and the valley of Our led to the valley of the Sauer and through Echternach to Bitburg and Trier, at that time a thriving metropolis.


(3º§) After the Vianden fort was abandoned around 430/440 AD, the Roman Tower seems to have been sufficiently usable to remain a decisive element in the subsequent periods of castle building up to the High Middle Ages.


(4º§) The first medieval fortification was erected on the rocky spur overlooking Vianden around the year 1000. The main part of this fortification consisted of an oval ring wall. This defensive wall, meticulously reinforced with small slabs of slate, was exactly one meter wide. As with the ancient wall, this special construction technique allowed archaeologists to retrace it virtually its entire length. The old late antique moat also remained in use during this period. The entire inner surface of the fortification was leveled by filling the lower defensive wall with stones and earth. This complex also included a hall, used for administrative purposes, and a chapel, which was installed in the remains of the late antique tower.


(5º§) Vianden Castle was extensively rebuilt around 1170. The remains of the wooden scaffolding found in the new residential tower made it possible to determine the date of construction using the three-ring dating technique.


(6º§) Important architectural contributions were made, in Gothic style, between the 13th and 14th centuries by the Counts of Vianden. In 1417 the castle became a possession of the Orange-Nassau family who made changes in the Renaissance style. The castle was long in the possession of the grand-ducal family until it became state property in 1977. After this date, it was restored and shines in its former glory. Today, Vianden Castle is one of the most important architectural monuments in Europe being one of the largest and most beautiful feudal residences of the Romanesque and Gothic periods. In the entrance area there is a modern interactive visitor center.


https://www.histouring.com/en/historical-places/vianden-castle/

According to the text, which architectural style dominated the enhancements made to Vianden Castle between the 13th and 14th centuries?
Alternativas
Q3405432
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: AMEOSC Órgão: Prefeitura de Guarujá do Sul - SC Prova: AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Guarujá do Sul - SC - Professor(a) de Inglês |
Q3405432 Inglês

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.



Vianden Castle History


(1º§) The rocky outcrop above the modern town of Vianden was first fortified in late antiquity. Excavations at the foot of the castle chapel in 1994 led to the discovery that parts of the crumbling masonry of the Late Antique tower must have existed in Merovingian times and that this square building, the only surviving structure from the period known as Late Antiquity, was incorporated into the first medieval castle.


(2º§) The first fortification was built at the beginning of Late Antiquity on the castle hill at an ancient crossroads, where a branch of the great Roman road Reims-Cologne through the Ardennes and the valley of Our led to the valley of the Sauer and through Echternach to Bitburg and Trier, at that time a thriving metropolis.


(3º§) After the Vianden fort was abandoned around 430/440 AD, the Roman Tower seems to have been sufficiently usable to remain a decisive element in the subsequent periods of castle building up to the High Middle Ages.


(4º§) The first medieval fortification was erected on the rocky spur overlooking Vianden around the year 1000. The main part of this fortification consisted of an oval ring wall. This defensive wall, meticulously reinforced with small slabs of slate, was exactly one meter wide. As with the ancient wall, this special construction technique allowed archaeologists to retrace it virtually its entire length. The old late antique moat also remained in use during this period. The entire inner surface of the fortification was leveled by filling the lower defensive wall with stones and earth. This complex also included a hall, used for administrative purposes, and a chapel, which was installed in the remains of the late antique tower.


(5º§) Vianden Castle was extensively rebuilt around 1170. The remains of the wooden scaffolding found in the new residential tower made it possible to determine the date of construction using the three-ring dating technique.


(6º§) Important architectural contributions were made, in Gothic style, between the 13th and 14th centuries by the Counts of Vianden. In 1417 the castle became a possession of the Orange-Nassau family who made changes in the Renaissance style. The castle was long in the possession of the grand-ducal family until it became state property in 1977. After this date, it was restored and shines in its former glory. Today, Vianden Castle is one of the most important architectural monuments in Europe being one of the largest and most beautiful feudal residences of the Romanesque and Gothic periods. In the entrance area there is a modern interactive visitor center.


https://www.histouring.com/en/historical-places/vianden-castle/

The text mentions "scaffolding" found during renovations of Vianden Castle. What does "scaffolding" refer to? 
Alternativas
Q3403874
Inglês Palavras conectivas | Connective words ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403874 Inglês
Considering the following sentences, which one of the alternatives presents only the adequate choices for each sentence?

I) I wouldn’t tell where Alice lives whereas I knew.
II) Even though I’m quite old, I still miss my parents.
III) The driver stopped to let on more passengers even though the bus was already full.
Alternativas
Q3403873
Inglês Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions , Palavras conectivas | Connective words ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403873 Inglês
Considering the following sentence: “The teacher wrote the questions on the board ______ the students copied them.” Which one of the following is the correct choice?
Alternativas
Q3403872
Inglês Determinantes e quantificadores | Determiners and quantifiers ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403872 Inglês
Considering the following sentence: “The announcement will come as a ___________ surprise.” Which one of the following is the correct choice?
Alternativas
Q3403871
Inglês Voz Ativa e Passiva | Passive and Active Voice ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403871 Inglês
Considering the following sentence: “Every Christmas, our aunt prepares the meal with great care.” How can we transform it into the PASSIVE VOICE?
Alternativas
Q3403870
Inglês Discurso direto e indireto | Reported speech , Verbos | Verbs ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403870 Inglês
Transform the direct speech into indirect speech correctly: “Will you join me for dinner?” She asked them.
Alternativas
Q3403869
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403869 Inglês
Read Text II for the question:

TEXT II

It’s hard to overstate the benefits of a night’s rest for human memory, and neuroscientists are just beginning to understand why.

Jakke Tamminen has plenty of students who do that very studenty thing of staying up all night right before an exam, in the hope of stuffing in as much knowledge as they can. But “that’s the worst thing you can do”, the psychology lecturer at the UK’s Royal Holloway University warns them.

He should know. Tamminen is an expert on how sleep affects memory, specifically the recall needed for language. Sleep learning – another idea beloved of students, in the hope that, say, playing a language-learning recording during sleep would imprint itself into the brain subliminally and they’d wake up speaking Latin – is a myth. But sleep itself is essential for embedding knowledge in the brain, and the research of Tamminen and others shows us why that is.

In Tamminen’s ongoing research project, participants learn new vocabulary, then stay awake all night.

Tamminen compares their memory of those words after a few nights, and then after a week. Even after several nights of recovery sleep, there is a substantial difference in how quickly they recall those words compared to the control group of participants who didn’t face sleep deprivation. “Sleep is really a central part of learning,” he says. “Even though you’re not studying when you sleep, your brain is still studying. It’s almost like it’s working on your behalf. You can’t really get the full impact of the time you put into your studies unless you sleep.” […]

But more critical to Tamminen’s current research – and to sleep’s role in language development more generally – is a non-REM phase of deep sleep known as slow-wave sleep (SWS). SWS is important for forming and retaining memories, whether of vocabulary, grammar, or other knowledge. The interaction of different parts of the brain is key here. During SWS, the hippocampus, which is good at quick learning, is in constant communication with the neocortex, to consolidate it for long term recall.

So the hippocampus might initially encode a new word learned earlier that day, but to truly consolidate that knowledge – spotting patterns and finding connections with other ideas that allow for creative problem-solving – the neocortical system needs to get involved.

This information expressway between the hippocampus and the neocortex is populated by sleep spindles – spikes in brain activity that are no more than three seconds long.

“Sleep spindles are somehow associated with linking new information with existing information,” Tamminen says. And the data from his research participants suggests that people with more sleep spindles have more consolidation of the words they have learned. […]

Children have more slow-wave sleep than adults – which may be one factor explaining how quickly kids learn, in both language and other areas. The child sleep lab at Germany’s University of Tuebingen investigates the role of sleep in consolidating children’s memory. Monitoring what happens in children’s brains during sleep, and how much information they retain before and after sleep, shows that sleep helps with accessing implicit knowledge (procedural memory) and making it explicit (declarative memory).

“The effects are stronger in early childhood because the brain is developing,” says Dominique Petit, the coordinator of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, who has also explored the circadian rhythm in children. In practical terms, this means that “children need to sleep during the day to remember everything that they have to learn”.

“Daytime naps in young children have been shown to be really important for vocabulary growth, generalization of the meaning of words and abstraction in language learning,” she says. “Sleep continues to be important for memory and learning throughout the lifetime, though.” […]

Not only does sleep help with accessing this information, it also changes the way this information is accessed. This makes brains more flexible at retrieving information (or able to access it in more ways).

But it also makes them better at extracting the most significant parts of it.

“It’s actually an active process of strengthening and changing the memory trace,” Zinke says. “Memory gets transferred in a way that the most important information (the gist) is remembered.”

Clearly, for children as well as adults, prolonged sleep isn’t a sign of laziness in a language learner. It’s critical for our brains’ connections and our bodies’ rhythms.

Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/ article/20180815-why-sleep-should-be-everystudents-priority (adapted)
In the context of the text, what does the term “embedding” most closely mean? 
Alternativas
Q3403868
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403868 Inglês
Read Text II for the question:

TEXT II

It’s hard to overstate the benefits of a night’s rest for human memory, and neuroscientists are just beginning to understand why.

Jakke Tamminen has plenty of students who do that very studenty thing of staying up all night right before an exam, in the hope of stuffing in as much knowledge as they can. But “that’s the worst thing you can do”, the psychology lecturer at the UK’s Royal Holloway University warns them.

He should know. Tamminen is an expert on how sleep affects memory, specifically the recall needed for language. Sleep learning – another idea beloved of students, in the hope that, say, playing a language-learning recording during sleep would imprint itself into the brain subliminally and they’d wake up speaking Latin – is a myth. But sleep itself is essential for embedding knowledge in the brain, and the research of Tamminen and others shows us why that is.

In Tamminen’s ongoing research project, participants learn new vocabulary, then stay awake all night.

Tamminen compares their memory of those words after a few nights, and then after a week. Even after several nights of recovery sleep, there is a substantial difference in how quickly they recall those words compared to the control group of participants who didn’t face sleep deprivation. “Sleep is really a central part of learning,” he says. “Even though you’re not studying when you sleep, your brain is still studying. It’s almost like it’s working on your behalf. You can’t really get the full impact of the time you put into your studies unless you sleep.” […]

But more critical to Tamminen’s current research – and to sleep’s role in language development more generally – is a non-REM phase of deep sleep known as slow-wave sleep (SWS). SWS is important for forming and retaining memories, whether of vocabulary, grammar, or other knowledge. The interaction of different parts of the brain is key here. During SWS, the hippocampus, which is good at quick learning, is in constant communication with the neocortex, to consolidate it for long term recall.

So the hippocampus might initially encode a new word learned earlier that day, but to truly consolidate that knowledge – spotting patterns and finding connections with other ideas that allow for creative problem-solving – the neocortical system needs to get involved.

This information expressway between the hippocampus and the neocortex is populated by sleep spindles – spikes in brain activity that are no more than three seconds long.

“Sleep spindles are somehow associated with linking new information with existing information,” Tamminen says. And the data from his research participants suggests that people with more sleep spindles have more consolidation of the words they have learned. […]

Children have more slow-wave sleep than adults – which may be one factor explaining how quickly kids learn, in both language and other areas. The child sleep lab at Germany’s University of Tuebingen investigates the role of sleep in consolidating children’s memory. Monitoring what happens in children’s brains during sleep, and how much information they retain before and after sleep, shows that sleep helps with accessing implicit knowledge (procedural memory) and making it explicit (declarative memory).

“The effects are stronger in early childhood because the brain is developing,” says Dominique Petit, the coordinator of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, who has also explored the circadian rhythm in children. In practical terms, this means that “children need to sleep during the day to remember everything that they have to learn”.

“Daytime naps in young children have been shown to be really important for vocabulary growth, generalization of the meaning of words and abstraction in language learning,” she says. “Sleep continues to be important for memory and learning throughout the lifetime, though.” […]

Not only does sleep help with accessing this information, it also changes the way this information is accessed. This makes brains more flexible at retrieving information (or able to access it in more ways).

But it also makes them better at extracting the most significant parts of it.

“It’s actually an active process of strengthening and changing the memory trace,” Zinke says. “Memory gets transferred in a way that the most important information (the gist) is remembered.”

Clearly, for children as well as adults, prolonged sleep isn’t a sign of laziness in a language learner. It’s critical for our brains’ connections and our bodies’ rhythms.

Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/ article/20180815-why-sleep-should-be-everystudents-priority (adapted)
The term “spikes” in the context of brain activity refers to what?
Alternativas
Q3403867
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403867 Inglês
Read Text II for the question:

TEXT II

It’s hard to overstate the benefits of a night’s rest for human memory, and neuroscientists are just beginning to understand why.

Jakke Tamminen has plenty of students who do that very studenty thing of staying up all night right before an exam, in the hope of stuffing in as much knowledge as they can. But “that’s the worst thing you can do”, the psychology lecturer at the UK’s Royal Holloway University warns them.

He should know. Tamminen is an expert on how sleep affects memory, specifically the recall needed for language. Sleep learning – another idea beloved of students, in the hope that, say, playing a language-learning recording during sleep would imprint itself into the brain subliminally and they’d wake up speaking Latin – is a myth. But sleep itself is essential for embedding knowledge in the brain, and the research of Tamminen and others shows us why that is.

In Tamminen’s ongoing research project, participants learn new vocabulary, then stay awake all night.

Tamminen compares their memory of those words after a few nights, and then after a week. Even after several nights of recovery sleep, there is a substantial difference in how quickly they recall those words compared to the control group of participants who didn’t face sleep deprivation. “Sleep is really a central part of learning,” he says. “Even though you’re not studying when you sleep, your brain is still studying. It’s almost like it’s working on your behalf. You can’t really get the full impact of the time you put into your studies unless you sleep.” […]

But more critical to Tamminen’s current research – and to sleep’s role in language development more generally – is a non-REM phase of deep sleep known as slow-wave sleep (SWS). SWS is important for forming and retaining memories, whether of vocabulary, grammar, or other knowledge. The interaction of different parts of the brain is key here. During SWS, the hippocampus, which is good at quick learning, is in constant communication with the neocortex, to consolidate it for long term recall.

So the hippocampus might initially encode a new word learned earlier that day, but to truly consolidate that knowledge – spotting patterns and finding connections with other ideas that allow for creative problem-solving – the neocortical system needs to get involved.

This information expressway between the hippocampus and the neocortex is populated by sleep spindles – spikes in brain activity that are no more than three seconds long.

“Sleep spindles are somehow associated with linking new information with existing information,” Tamminen says. And the data from his research participants suggests that people with more sleep spindles have more consolidation of the words they have learned. […]

Children have more slow-wave sleep than adults – which may be one factor explaining how quickly kids learn, in both language and other areas. The child sleep lab at Germany’s University of Tuebingen investigates the role of sleep in consolidating children’s memory. Monitoring what happens in children’s brains during sleep, and how much information they retain before and after sleep, shows that sleep helps with accessing implicit knowledge (procedural memory) and making it explicit (declarative memory).

“The effects are stronger in early childhood because the brain is developing,” says Dominique Petit, the coordinator of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, who has also explored the circadian rhythm in children. In practical terms, this means that “children need to sleep during the day to remember everything that they have to learn”.

“Daytime naps in young children have been shown to be really important for vocabulary growth, generalization of the meaning of words and abstraction in language learning,” she says. “Sleep continues to be important for memory and learning throughout the lifetime, though.” […]

Not only does sleep help with accessing this information, it also changes the way this information is accessed. This makes brains more flexible at retrieving information (or able to access it in more ways).

But it also makes them better at extracting the most significant parts of it.

“It’s actually an active process of strengthening and changing the memory trace,” Zinke says. “Memory gets transferred in a way that the most important information (the gist) is remembered.”

Clearly, for children as well as adults, prolonged sleep isn’t a sign of laziness in a language learner. It’s critical for our brains’ connections and our bodies’ rhythms.

Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/ article/20180815-why-sleep-should-be-everystudents-priority (adapted)
How does sleep affect children’s learning, according to the text?
Alternativas
Q3403866
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403866 Inglês
Read Text II for the question:

TEXT II

It’s hard to overstate the benefits of a night’s rest for human memory, and neuroscientists are just beginning to understand why.

Jakke Tamminen has plenty of students who do that very studenty thing of staying up all night right before an exam, in the hope of stuffing in as much knowledge as they can. But “that’s the worst thing you can do”, the psychology lecturer at the UK’s Royal Holloway University warns them.

He should know. Tamminen is an expert on how sleep affects memory, specifically the recall needed for language. Sleep learning – another idea beloved of students, in the hope that, say, playing a language-learning recording during sleep would imprint itself into the brain subliminally and they’d wake up speaking Latin – is a myth. But sleep itself is essential for embedding knowledge in the brain, and the research of Tamminen and others shows us why that is.

In Tamminen’s ongoing research project, participants learn new vocabulary, then stay awake all night.

Tamminen compares their memory of those words after a few nights, and then after a week. Even after several nights of recovery sleep, there is a substantial difference in how quickly they recall those words compared to the control group of participants who didn’t face sleep deprivation. “Sleep is really a central part of learning,” he says. “Even though you’re not studying when you sleep, your brain is still studying. It’s almost like it’s working on your behalf. You can’t really get the full impact of the time you put into your studies unless you sleep.” […]

But more critical to Tamminen’s current research – and to sleep’s role in language development more generally – is a non-REM phase of deep sleep known as slow-wave sleep (SWS). SWS is important for forming and retaining memories, whether of vocabulary, grammar, or other knowledge. The interaction of different parts of the brain is key here. During SWS, the hippocampus, which is good at quick learning, is in constant communication with the neocortex, to consolidate it for long term recall.

So the hippocampus might initially encode a new word learned earlier that day, but to truly consolidate that knowledge – spotting patterns and finding connections with other ideas that allow for creative problem-solving – the neocortical system needs to get involved.

This information expressway between the hippocampus and the neocortex is populated by sleep spindles – spikes in brain activity that are no more than three seconds long.

“Sleep spindles are somehow associated with linking new information with existing information,” Tamminen says. And the data from his research participants suggests that people with more sleep spindles have more consolidation of the words they have learned. […]

Children have more slow-wave sleep than adults – which may be one factor explaining how quickly kids learn, in both language and other areas. The child sleep lab at Germany’s University of Tuebingen investigates the role of sleep in consolidating children’s memory. Monitoring what happens in children’s brains during sleep, and how much information they retain before and after sleep, shows that sleep helps with accessing implicit knowledge (procedural memory) and making it explicit (declarative memory).

“The effects are stronger in early childhood because the brain is developing,” says Dominique Petit, the coordinator of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, who has also explored the circadian rhythm in children. In practical terms, this means that “children need to sleep during the day to remember everything that they have to learn”.

“Daytime naps in young children have been shown to be really important for vocabulary growth, generalization of the meaning of words and abstraction in language learning,” she says. “Sleep continues to be important for memory and learning throughout the lifetime, though.” […]

Not only does sleep help with accessing this information, it also changes the way this information is accessed. This makes brains more flexible at retrieving information (or able to access it in more ways).

But it also makes them better at extracting the most significant parts of it.

“It’s actually an active process of strengthening and changing the memory trace,” Zinke says. “Memory gets transferred in a way that the most important information (the gist) is remembered.”

Clearly, for children as well as adults, prolonged sleep isn’t a sign of laziness in a language learner. It’s critical for our brains’ connections and our bodies’ rhythms.

Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/ article/20180815-why-sleep-should-be-everystudents-priority (adapted)
What role does slow-wave sleep (SWS) play in memory?
Alternativas
Respostas
6281: A
6282: C
6283: A
6284: D
6285: A
6286: A
6287: B
6288: B
6289: C
6290: C
6291: C
6292: B
6293: C
6294: E
6295: A
6296: A
6297: D
6298: C
6299: A
6300: E
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