The clause ´ “...these skills are more reliable predictors ...

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Q3547729 Inglês

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(Part II) Students’ skills


But graduation rates, while important, speak little to the quality of education received. The OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) reviews the extent to which students near the end of their compulsory education (usually around age 15) have acquired some of the knowledge and skills that are essential for full participation in modern societies, particularly in reading, mathematics and science.


In 2018, PISA tested students from 79 countries, including OECD countries, Brazil, the Russian Federation and South Africa. The students were tested on their reading ability, their skills in maths and level in sciences. Research shows that these skills are more reliable predictors of economic and social well-being than the number of years spent in school or in post -formal education. The average student in the OECD area scored 488. On average in the OECD, girls scored 491 compared with 485 for boys.


Estonia is the highest-performing OECD country, with average PISA scores of 526, followed by Japan and Korea with 520 points. The lowest performing OECD country, Colombia, has an average score of 406. This means that the gap between the highest and lowest performing OECD countries is 120 points.


 The best-performing school systems manage to provide highquality education to all students. In Canada, Estonia, Finland and Ireland for example, students tend to perform well regardless of their social background. In Israel and Luxembourg however, the gap between the students with the lowest socio-economic background and the students with the highest socio-economic background reaches more than 120 points, suggesting students’ socio-economic background tends to have an impact on their results. On average across OECD countries, there is a widening 89-point difference in PISA scores between the students with the highest and lowest socio-economic background.


https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/education/

The clause ´ “...these skills are more reliable predictors of economic and social well-being than the number of years spent in school or in post-formal education.” functions  as of the main clause:
Alternativas

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Comentário da Questão – Inglês (Syntax Parsing)

Tema central: A questão explora a função sintática de uma cláusula subordinada (noun clause) em uma oração em inglês, algo muito recorrente em concursos para o cargo de Professor.

Análise do contexto: No trecho analisado, a frase fundamental é:

Research shows that these skills are more reliable predictors of economic and social well-being than the number of years spent in school or in post-formal education.

A partir disso, a parte sublinhada ("that these skills are more reliable predictors...") é uma cláusula subordinada substantiva.

Justificativa da alternativa correta (B – direct object):

Segundo a teoria sintática, uma cláusula substantiva objetiva direta (noun clause as direct object) funciona como o complemento direto do verbo principal da oração. Aqui, a pergunta-chave é: O que a pesquisa mostra? Resposta: Mostra que essas habilidades são mais preditores confiáveis... Então, a cláusula equivale ao objeto direto de "shows". Esse conceito está amplamente detalhado em gramáticas como Murphy ("English Grammar in Use") e é fundamental para provas objetivas.
Exemplo similar: She believes that students need more practice. ("that students need more practice" = objeto direto de "believes")

Análise das alternativas incorretas:

A) subject: Incorreto, pois o sujeito da principal ("shows") é "Research".
C) indirect object: Errado porque clauses assim não desempenham função de objeto indireto, que geralmente é um destinatário (“to whom/for whom”).
D) adverb of time: A frase não expressa tempo, mas o que é mostrado.
E) adjective: Não qualifica nenhum substantivo; funciona como substantivo (objeto).

Estratégia de prova: Procure identificar o núcleo verbal e pergunte "o quê?/quem?" ao verbo: esse é o objeto direto.

Referências: Murphy – English Grammar in Use; Celso Cunha – Gramática do Português Contemporâneo (para função sintática comparada)

Conclusão: Marque B) direct object. Reforce seu estudo das noun clauses e treine identificando o verbo principal e seu complemento.

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