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Language, brain and disability
It has often been remarked that we come to appreciate_____unique complexity and function of language only when it starts to go wrong. This happens daily in many small ways - when we detect ambiguity, express ourselves incoherently, or speak at cross-purposes. Less commonly, it happens in _____ dramatic and devastating manner, in _____ form of language disability. Those who find it difficult or impossible to communicate, on account of some physical, psychological, or other disability, face _____ frustrating, isolated, and uncertain future, in which their disability is often not recognized, and community support services may be inaccessible or absent. Drawing attention to ______ existence and extent of language disability is thus _____important role for any encyclopedia of language.
(Adapted from: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of language)
I - There are a lot fewer opportunities in this country. II- He is the nicest when he’s with children. III- He’s more lazy than stupid. IV- He explained it all carefully, but I was still none the wiser. V- Is this the first time for you to stay here ?
1. That man died________ he lived, fighting. 2 .I wasn’t expecting ________ cold weather. 3. Don’t use your plate ________ an ashtray. 4. That’s John’s bike, unless I’m _________ mistaken. 5. They’re _________ fools.
The Signal Box Inn
In the Cleethorpes region of Great Britain, there is a very unusual signal box that is now used for something completely different. The Signal Box Inn is a pub;_______ , at only 6m2 , it is in the Guinness Book of Records as the smallest pub in the world, with room inside for only 6 people! _______it is very small, it serves 5 types of beer and cider and some food. The best place to enjoy your drink while you watch steam trains go by is in the pub’s beer garden.
(Adapted from: Flash on English for Transport and Logistics)
What’s the weather like ?
Of all human activities, transport is probably one of the most influenced by the weather. From deciding wheather or not to go for a walk in the park to cancelling or delaying intercontinental passenger flights, the weather influences our movements all the time. Extreme weather conditions can cause accidents, death and destruction. So, predicting the weather is a priority when people and goods are moved from one place to another. Today man has developed some very sophisticated means for predicting the weather, but despite this, our predictions are not always accurate because weather conditions can change very suddenly.
(Adapted from: Flash on English for Transport and Logistics)
According to the comic strip, it is possible to infer that:
Em uma mesa de 1,25 metros de altura, é colocada uma mola comprimida e uma esfera, conforme a figura. Sendo a esfera de massa igual a 50 g e a mola comprimida em 10 cm, se ao ser liberada a esfera atinge o solo a uma distância de 5 metros da mesa, com base nessas informações, pode-se afirmar que a constante elástica da mola é:
(Dados: considere a aceleração da gravidade igual a 10 m/s2.)
Uma régua escolar de massa M uniformemente distribuída com o comprimento de 30 cm está apoiada na borda de uma mesa, com 2/3 da régua sobre a mesa. Um aluno decide colocar um corpo C de massa 2M sobre a régua, em um ponto da régua que está suspenso (conforme a figura). Qual é a distância mínima x, em cm, da borda livre da régua a que deve ser colocado o corpo, para que o sistema permaneça em equilíbrio?
Os valores de A, sabendo-se que a função abaixo é contínua para todos os valores de x, será
Seja ƒ: IR* → IR uma função tal que ƒ(1) = 2 e 
, ∀x ,y ∈ IR* . Então, o valor de 
será
A equação da reta tangente ao gráfico 
no ponto 
será
Para descrever um código que permite transformar uma palavra P de três letras em um vetor w ∈ ℜ3, inicialmente, escolhe-se uma matriz 3x3. Por exemplo, a nossa “matriz código” será:
A partir da correspondência:
A →1 / B → 2 / C → 3 / D → 4 / E → 5 /
F → 6 / G → 7 / H → 8 / I → 9 / J → 10/
L → 11 / M → 1 2 / N→13 / O → 14 / P → 15/
Q → 16 / R → 17 / S → 18 / T → 19 / U → 20/
V → 21 / X → 22 / Z→ 23
a palavra P é transformada em vetor v do ℜ3. Em seguida, o código da palavra P é obtido pela operação w = Av . Por exemplo, a palavra MAR corresponde ao vetor (12,1,17) = v , a qual é codificada com w = Av = (26,56,19).
Usando o processo acima para decodificar w = (64,107,29), teremos
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