Questões Militares Sobre inglês

Foram encontradas 4.500 questões

Q4189441 Inglês
Leia os textos a seguir para responder à questão:


     Do certain people actually have a “knack” for learning foreign languages? Anecdotal evidence would suggest that some people are indeed able to learn languages faster and more efficiently than others. One way of looking at such aptitude is the identification of characteristics of successful language learners. Risk-taking behavior, memory efficiency, intelligent guessing, willingness to communicate, low anxiety, and ambiguity tolerance are but a few of the many variables that have been cited

(Brown, H.D., Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 2014. Adaptado)

    Historically, research on language aptitude has been a roller-coaster ride. John Carroll’s (Carroll & Sapon, 1959) pioneering work on aptitude, embodied in the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT), began the quest. The MLAT asserted the predictability of number learning, sound discrimination, pattern discernment, and memorization for future success in a foreign language. This test, and some others, were used for some time in such contexts as Peace Corps volunteer training programs and military communications courses to help predict successful language learners.

(Brown, H.D., Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 2014. Adaptado)
To rewrite the opening question in the text “Do some people actually have a ‘knack’ for learning foreign languages?” in indirect speech, select the option that correctly completes the main sentence “We want to know 
Alternativas
Q4189439 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


   According to Savignon and Sysoyev (2005), “cultures are never static” (p. 36). Certainly, there are aspects of culture that do not change or change at a slower rate, such as values, norms, and historical heritage (Savignon & Sysoyev, 2005), but teachers need “to recognize the limits of this static nature and keep in mind that culture, as well as language, is constantly changing, it is in flux (Lange, 1999). The dynamic nature of culture brings a number of challenges and concerns for teachers trying to choose relevant teaching materials and activities (Savignon & Sysoyev, 2005). While culture is often depicted as static in textbooks, the digital media, authentic products and texts provide a more dynamic environment.

   Foreign language instructors are beginning to incorporate more movies in the FL classroom as “an accessible window” (Bueno, 2009, p. 319) to the target culture through “combined effects of images, sounds, camera, plots and dialogue” (Stephens, 2001, p. 2). The teachers’ major task is to bring both language and culture into students’ social reality (Lange, 1999), in order to make sure that they do not possess incomplete or outdated knowledge about the target language and its culture.


(Dema, O., Mueller, A. J., Teaching culture in the 21st century language classroom, 2012. Adaptado)
The verb in the fragment “While culture is often depicted as static in textbooks” (paragraph 2) is in the passive voice. However, not all English verbs – or verb tenses – can take a passive. The alternative in which the sentence can be correctly rewritten in the passive voice is:
Alternativas
Q4189437 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


   According to Savignon and Sysoyev (2005), “cultures are never static” (p. 36). Certainly, there are aspects of culture that do not change or change at a slower rate, such as values, norms, and historical heritage (Savignon & Sysoyev, 2005), but teachers need “to recognize the limits of this static nature and keep in mind that culture, as well as language, is constantly changing, it is in flux (Lange, 1999). The dynamic nature of culture brings a number of challenges and concerns for teachers trying to choose relevant teaching materials and activities (Savignon & Sysoyev, 2005). While culture is often depicted as static in textbooks, the digital media, authentic products and texts provide a more dynamic environment.

   Foreign language instructors are beginning to incorporate more movies in the FL classroom as “an accessible window” (Bueno, 2009, p. 319) to the target culture through “combined effects of images, sounds, camera, plots and dialogue” (Stephens, 2001, p. 2). The teachers’ major task is to bring both language and culture into students’ social reality (Lange, 1999), in order to make sure that they do not possess incomplete or outdated knowledge about the target language and its culture.


(Dema, O., Mueller, A. J., Teaching culture in the 21st century language classroom, 2012. Adaptado)
According to the first paragraph,
Alternativas
Q4189436 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


   Knowledge of a language enables you to combine sounds to form words, words to form phrases, and phrases to form sentences. You cannot buy a dictionary or phrase book of any language with all the sentences of the language. No dictionary can list all the possible sentences, because the number of sentences in a language is infinite. Knowing a language means being able to produce and understand new sentences never spoken before. This is the creative aspect of language. Not every speaker can create great literature, but everybody who knows a language can create and understand new sentences.

   This creative aspect of language is quite easy to illustrate. If for every sentence in the language a longer sentence can be formed, then there is no limit to the number of sentences. If you know English, you have the knowledge to add any number of adjectives as modifiers to a noun and to form sentences with indefinite numbers of clauses.

   All human languages permit their speakers to increase the length and complexity of sentences in these ways; creativity is a universal property of human language.

  Our knowledge of language not only allows us to produce and understand an infinite number of well-formed (even if silly and illogical) sentences, but also permits us to distinguish well-formed (grammatical) sentences from ill-formed (ungrammatical) sentences – or non-sentences.


(Fromkin, Rodman and Hyams, An Introduction to Language, 2013. Adaptado)
A teacher is discussing aspects of knowledge of the language and creativity, and also introduces the concept of sentences (grammatically well-formed) and non-sentences (grammatically ill-formed) discussed by Fromkin, Rodman and Hyams. Students are asked to get in groups and discuss the 5 following sentences to decide which one, among them, can be considered a non-sentence according to the authors’ view. Based on this context, select the option that presents a non-sentence.
Alternativas
Q4189435 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


   Knowledge of a language enables you to combine sounds to form words, words to form phrases, and phrases to form sentences. You cannot buy a dictionary or phrase book of any language with all the sentences of the language. No dictionary can list all the possible sentences, because the number of sentences in a language is infinite. Knowing a language means being able to produce and understand new sentences never spoken before. This is the creative aspect of language. Not every speaker can create great literature, but everybody who knows a language can create and understand new sentences.

   This creative aspect of language is quite easy to illustrate. If for every sentence in the language a longer sentence can be formed, then there is no limit to the number of sentences. If you know English, you have the knowledge to add any number of adjectives as modifiers to a noun and to form sentences with indefinite numbers of clauses.

   All human languages permit their speakers to increase the length and complexity of sentences in these ways; creativity is a universal property of human language.

  Our knowledge of language not only allows us to produce and understand an infinite number of well-formed (even if silly and illogical) sentences, but also permits us to distinguish well-formed (grammatical) sentences from ill-formed (ungrammatical) sentences – or non-sentences.


(Fromkin, Rodman and Hyams, An Introduction to Language, 2013. Adaptado)
The sentence in the fourth paragraph displays one correct use of paired conjunctions.

The alternative in which the paired conjunctions help form a grammatically correct sentence is:
Alternativas
Q4189434 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


   Knowledge of a language enables you to combine sounds to form words, words to form phrases, and phrases to form sentences. You cannot buy a dictionary or phrase book of any language with all the sentences of the language. No dictionary can list all the possible sentences, because the number of sentences in a language is infinite. Knowing a language means being able to produce and understand new sentences never spoken before. This is the creative aspect of language. Not every speaker can create great literature, but everybody who knows a language can create and understand new sentences.

   This creative aspect of language is quite easy to illustrate. If for every sentence in the language a longer sentence can be formed, then there is no limit to the number of sentences. If you know English, you have the knowledge to add any number of adjectives as modifiers to a noun and to form sentences with indefinite numbers of clauses.

   All human languages permit their speakers to increase the length and complexity of sentences in these ways; creativity is a universal property of human language.

  Our knowledge of language not only allows us to produce and understand an infinite number of well-formed (even if silly and illogical) sentences, but also permits us to distinguish well-formed (grammatical) sentences from ill-formed (ungrammatical) sentences – or non-sentences.


(Fromkin, Rodman and Hyams, An Introduction to Language, 2013. Adaptado)
O conectivo que pode ser usado para relacionar as duas sentenças do terceiro parágrafo sem corromper o significado é
Alternativas
Q4189433 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


   Knowledge of a language enables you to combine sounds to form words, words to form phrases, and phrases to form sentences. You cannot buy a dictionary or phrase book of any language with all the sentences of the language. No dictionary can list all the possible sentences, because the number of sentences in a language is infinite. Knowing a language means being able to produce and understand new sentences never spoken before. This is the creative aspect of language. Not every speaker can create great literature, but everybody who knows a language can create and understand new sentences.

   This creative aspect of language is quite easy to illustrate. If for every sentence in the language a longer sentence can be formed, then there is no limit to the number of sentences. If you know English, you have the knowledge to add any number of adjectives as modifiers to a noun and to form sentences with indefinite numbers of clauses.

   All human languages permit their speakers to increase the length and complexity of sentences in these ways; creativity is a universal property of human language.

  Our knowledge of language not only allows us to produce and understand an infinite number of well-formed (even if silly and illogical) sentences, but also permits us to distinguish well-formed (grammatical) sentences from ill-formed (ungrammatical) sentences – or non-sentences.


(Fromkin, Rodman and Hyams, An Introduction to Language, 2013. Adaptado)
No final do primeiro parágrafo, o trecho “everybody who knows a language” contém um pronome relativo que não pode ser suprimido sem prejuízo da gramaticalidade da frase. Da mesma forma, não pode ser omitido o pronome relativo em: 
Alternativas
Q4189432 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


   Knowledge of a language enables you to combine sounds to form words, words to form phrases, and phrases to form sentences. You cannot buy a dictionary or phrase book of any language with all the sentences of the language. No dictionary can list all the possible sentences, because the number of sentences in a language is infinite. Knowing a language means being able to produce and understand new sentences never spoken before. This is the creative aspect of language. Not every speaker can create great literature, but everybody who knows a language can create and understand new sentences.

   This creative aspect of language is quite easy to illustrate. If for every sentence in the language a longer sentence can be formed, then there is no limit to the number of sentences. If you know English, you have the knowledge to add any number of adjectives as modifiers to a noun and to form sentences with indefinite numbers of clauses.

   All human languages permit their speakers to increase the length and complexity of sentences in these ways; creativity is a universal property of human language.

  Our knowledge of language not only allows us to produce and understand an infinite number of well-formed (even if silly and illogical) sentences, but also permits us to distinguish well-formed (grammatical) sentences from ill-formed (ungrammatical) sentences – or non-sentences.


(Fromkin, Rodman and Hyams, An Introduction to Language, 2013. Adaptado)
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “Knowledge of a language enables you to”, a palavra destacada é formada pela adição do prefixo en- à raiz “able”. A alternativa em que o prefixo en- desempenha o mesmo papel que em “enable” é:
Alternativas
Q4189431 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


   Knowledge of a language enables you to combine sounds to form words, words to form phrases, and phrases to form sentences. You cannot buy a dictionary or phrase book of any language with all the sentences of the language. No dictionary can list all the possible sentences, because the number of sentences in a language is infinite. Knowing a language means being able to produce and understand new sentences never spoken before. This is the creative aspect of language. Not every speaker can create great literature, but everybody who knows a language can create and understand new sentences.

   This creative aspect of language is quite easy to illustrate. If for every sentence in the language a longer sentence can be formed, then there is no limit to the number of sentences. If you know English, you have the knowledge to add any number of adjectives as modifiers to a noun and to form sentences with indefinite numbers of clauses.

   All human languages permit their speakers to increase the length and complexity of sentences in these ways; creativity is a universal property of human language.

  Our knowledge of language not only allows us to produce and understand an infinite number of well-formed (even if silly and illogical) sentences, but also permits us to distinguish well-formed (grammatical) sentences from ill-formed (ungrammatical) sentences – or non-sentences.


(Fromkin, Rodman and Hyams, An Introduction to Language, 2013. Adaptado)
According to the first paragraph, the creative aspect of language allows the user to
Alternativas
Q4161472 Inglês
Na rotina de passadiço e manobra de uma embarcação, os comandos e ordens de leme em inglês devem ser seguidos de forma precisa. Se o oficial de quarto desejar que o timoneiro reduza a guinada do navio o mais rápido possível, a ordem padrão dada é: 
Alternativas
Q4157289 Inglês
A palavra que é repetida três vezes seguida do nome da embarcação, posição e ocorrência e é usada em casos de emergência, como por exemplo, um perigo de naufrágio é: 
Alternativas
Q4157246 Inglês
Durante o fundeio em área próxima ao canal de acesso, a embarcação começa a perder posição porque o ferro não está sustentando adequadamente. Ao mesmo tempo, a estação de tráfego informa que a embarcação passou a interferir na passagem de outras embarcações e determina que o ferro seja suspenso. Considerando o vocabulário técnico marítimo em inglês, qual sequência de frases representa melhor essa situação operacional? 
Alternativas
Q4157244 Inglês
Durante uma manobra em área restrita, o oficial de quarto percebe que a embarcação já completou a alteração de rumo desejada. Em seguida, transmite ao timoneiro a ordem: “Steady as she goes.” Considerando o uso técnico dessa ordem em inglês marítimo, o timoneiro deve compreender que precisa: 
Alternativas
Q4157243 Inglês
Durante uma manobra em porto, um rebocador aproxima-se para auxiliar a embarcação. O oficial transmite a ordem: “Send heaving lines to the tugs.” Considerando o contexto da assistência de rebocadores, a ação esperada da tripulação é: 
Alternativas
Q4157242 Inglês
Durante uma operação simples de apoio a bordo, a tripulação precisa escolher um cabo leve, capaz de permanecer na superfície da água, adequado para uso em resgate ou em amarrações curtas. No vocabulário técnico marítimo em inglês, o material mais compatível com essa finalidade é: 
Alternativas
Q4126930 Inglês
Text CG1A7


    The United Kingdom (UK) government is developing a “murder prediction” programme which it hopes can use personal data of those known to the authorities to identify the people most likely to become killers. Researchers are alleged to be using algorithms to analyse the information of thousands of people, including victims of crime, as they try to identify those at greatest risk of committing serious violent offences.

    The Ministry of Justice (MoJ) says the scheme will “review offender characteristics that increase the risk of committing homicide” and “explore alternative and innovative data science techniques to risk assessment of homicide”. The project would “provide evidence towards improving risk assessment of serious crime and ultimately contribute to protecting the public via better analysis”, a spokesperson added.

    The MoJ hopes the project will help boost public safety, but campaigners have called it “chilling and dystopian”.

    Sofia Lyall, a researcher for Statewatch, the pressure group that discovered the existence of the project, said: “Time and again, research shows that algorithmic systems for ‘predicting’ crime are inherently flawed. This latest model […] will reinforce and magnify the structural discrimination underpinning the criminal legal system.”

    “Like other systems of its kind, it will code in bias towards racialised and low-income communities. Building an automated tool to profile people as violent criminals is deeply wrong, and using such sensitive data on mental health, addiction and disability is highly intrusive and alarming,” added Lyall.


Internet: <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news> (adapted).
Choose the option that presents the two verbs that best express the meaning of ‘profile’, in ‘Building an automated tool to profile people as violent criminals’ (last paragraph of text CG1A7).
Alternativas
Q4126929 Inglês
Text CG1A7


    The United Kingdom (UK) government is developing a “murder prediction” programme which it hopes can use personal data of those known to the authorities to identify the people most likely to become killers. Researchers are alleged to be using algorithms to analyse the information of thousands of people, including victims of crime, as they try to identify those at greatest risk of committing serious violent offences.

    The Ministry of Justice (MoJ) says the scheme will “review offender characteristics that increase the risk of committing homicide” and “explore alternative and innovative data science techniques to risk assessment of homicide”. The project would “provide evidence towards improving risk assessment of serious crime and ultimately contribute to protecting the public via better analysis”, a spokesperson added.

    The MoJ hopes the project will help boost public safety, but campaigners have called it “chilling and dystopian”.

    Sofia Lyall, a researcher for Statewatch, the pressure group that discovered the existence of the project, said: “Time and again, research shows that algorithmic systems for ‘predicting’ crime are inherently flawed. This latest model […] will reinforce and magnify the structural discrimination underpinning the criminal legal system.”

    “Like other systems of its kind, it will code in bias towards racialised and low-income communities. Building an automated tool to profile people as violent criminals is deeply wrong, and using such sensitive data on mental health, addiction and disability is highly intrusive and alarming,” added Lyall.


Internet: <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news> (adapted).
When text CG1A7 states that “The MoJ hopes the project will help boost public safety” (third paragraph), it means the Ministry of Justice is expressing
Alternativas
Q4126928 Inglês
Text CG1A7


    The United Kingdom (UK) government is developing a “murder prediction” programme which it hopes can use personal data of those known to the authorities to identify the people most likely to become killers. Researchers are alleged to be using algorithms to analyse the information of thousands of people, including victims of crime, as they try to identify those at greatest risk of committing serious violent offences.

    The Ministry of Justice (MoJ) says the scheme will “review offender characteristics that increase the risk of committing homicide” and “explore alternative and innovative data science techniques to risk assessment of homicide”. The project would “provide evidence towards improving risk assessment of serious crime and ultimately contribute to protecting the public via better analysis”, a spokesperson added.

    The MoJ hopes the project will help boost public safety, but campaigners have called it “chilling and dystopian”.

    Sofia Lyall, a researcher for Statewatch, the pressure group that discovered the existence of the project, said: “Time and again, research shows that algorithmic systems for ‘predicting’ crime are inherently flawed. This latest model […] will reinforce and magnify the structural discrimination underpinning the criminal legal system.”

    “Like other systems of its kind, it will code in bias towards racialised and low-income communities. Building an automated tool to profile people as violent criminals is deeply wrong, and using such sensitive data on mental health, addiction and disability is highly intrusive and alarming,” added Lyall.


Internet: <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news> (adapted).
Based on the information provided in text CG1A7 about the “‘murder prediction’ programme”, judge the following items.

I The programme has been in use in the United Kingdom for at least a couple of years.
II According to advocates of the programme in the UK government, one of its goals is to improve how the risk of serious crimes is assessed.
III Opponents of the programme argue that it will increase the structural discrimination on which the UK criminal legal system is based.

Choose the correct option.
Alternativas
Q4126927 Inglês
Text CG1A7


    The United Kingdom (UK) government is developing a “murder prediction” programme which it hopes can use personal data of those known to the authorities to identify the people most likely to become killers. Researchers are alleged to be using algorithms to analyse the information of thousands of people, including victims of crime, as they try to identify those at greatest risk of committing serious violent offences.

    The Ministry of Justice (MoJ) says the scheme will “review offender characteristics that increase the risk of committing homicide” and “explore alternative and innovative data science techniques to risk assessment of homicide”. The project would “provide evidence towards improving risk assessment of serious crime and ultimately contribute to protecting the public via better analysis”, a spokesperson added.

    The MoJ hopes the project will help boost public safety, but campaigners have called it “chilling and dystopian”.

    Sofia Lyall, a researcher for Statewatch, the pressure group that discovered the existence of the project, said: “Time and again, research shows that algorithmic systems for ‘predicting’ crime are inherently flawed. This latest model […] will reinforce and magnify the structural discrimination underpinning the criminal legal system.”

    “Like other systems of its kind, it will code in bias towards racialised and low-income communities. Building an automated tool to profile people as violent criminals is deeply wrong, and using such sensitive data on mental health, addiction and disability is highly intrusive and alarming,” added Lyall.


Internet: <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news> (adapted).
In the fragment “The MoJ hopes the project will help boost public safety, but campaigners have called it ‘chilling and dystopian’.” (third paragraph of text CG1A7), it can be correctly concluded that the pronoun “it” refers to
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Ano: 2026 Banca: UERJ Órgão: CBM-RJ Prova: UERJ - 2026 - CBM-RJ - Oficial Combatente |
Q3872471 Inglês
I’M A BOSS – PLEASE, BAN ME FROM OUT-OF-HOURS EMAILS AND CALLS, AND SAVE ME FROM MYSELF









ANDRÉ SPICER Adaptado de theguardian.com, 17/02/2024.
According to the last sentence of the article, the right to disconnect would bring the following benefit:
Alternativas
Respostas
81: E
82: B
83: A
84: C
85: E
86: B
87: A
88: D
89: C
90: E
91: A
92: E
93: A
94: D
95: B
96: D
97: E
98: D
99: B
100: B