Questões Militares
Sobre pronomes | pronouns em inglês
Foram encontradas 246 questões
Ano: 2026
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
PM-DF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2026 - PM-DF - Oficial Policial Militar - 2º Tenente |
Q4126927
Inglês
Texto associado
Text CG1A7
The United Kingdom (UK) government is developing a
“murder prediction” programme which it hopes can use personal
data of those known to the authorities to identify the people most
likely to become killers. Researchers are alleged to be using
algorithms to analyse the information of thousands of people,
including victims of crime, as they try to identify those at greatest
risk of committing serious violent offences.
The Ministry of Justice (MoJ) says the scheme will “review
offender characteristics that increase the risk of committing
homicide” and “explore alternative and innovative data science
techniques to risk assessment of homicide”. The project would
“provide evidence towards improving risk assessment of serious
crime and ultimately contribute to protecting the public via better
analysis”, a spokesperson added.
The MoJ hopes the project will help boost public safety, but
campaigners have called it “chilling and dystopian”.
Sofia Lyall, a researcher for Statewatch, the pressure group that
discovered the existence of the project, said: “Time and again, research
shows that algorithmic systems for ‘predicting’ crime are inherently
flawed. This latest model […] will reinforce and magnify the structural
discrimination underpinning the criminal legal system.”
“Like other systems of its kind, it will code in bias towards
racialised and low-income communities. Building an automated
tool to profile people as violent criminals is deeply wrong, and
using such sensitive data on mental health, addiction and disability
is highly intrusive and alarming,” added Lyall.
Internet: <https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news> (adapted).
In the fragment “The MoJ hopes the project will help boost public
safety, but campaigners have called it ‘chilling and dystopian’.”
(third paragraph of text CG1A7), it can be correctly concluded that
the pronoun “it” refers to
Ano: 2025
Banca:
Exército
Órgão:
EsPCEx
Prova:
Exército - 2025 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2º Dia |
Q3909823
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.
A New Trend in Cryptocurrency: Selling Your Iris
Characters of countless sci-fi films have relied on iris scans to unlock hidden rooms, power up
advanced gadgets, or authenticate their identities in a tech-centric world. What once was only a Hollywood
fantasy is now becoming a reality, with similar applications just around the corner. These days, it’s not unusual
to hear about shopping malls in cities like Barcelona featuring tiny booths where visitors scan their eyes.
The concept is puzzling, especially when they explain that the goal is to “scan your iris to give you
cryptocurrencies.”
Worldcoin, one of Sam Altman’s (director of OpenAI, creators of ChatGPT) ventures, has recently
gained increased attention due to their new initiative: offering money in exchange for iris scans. Worldcoin
scans the biometric data of the eye and then compensates individuals with cryptocurrency. However, many
ask the same questions: What (1)____ Worldcoin gain from our iris? What (2)____ they really planning to do
with it? Why (3)____ the iris so important? How (4)____ it affect your privacy?
Unlike data such as phone numbers, credit cards, or passwords, biometric data is unchangeable.
Biometric data includes traits that can be used to identify you, such as your voice, fingerprint, or iris. They are
inherently yours and non-transferable. Sharing biometric data could expose individuals to risks of tracking
and surveillance, potentially enabling identification without consent through various technologies. Often
without realizing it, people have given permission for their data to be sold.
After carefully studying the legality of this practice, Spain has banned these operations and is removing
the stands and iris scanners used by Worldcoin. In countries like France or Brazil, Worldcoin has also faced
bans on conducting their activities, while claiming they’re leaving voluntarily rather than because it’s illegal.
Adapted from https://theswitch.es/en/selling-your-iris-worldcoin/
Choose the alternative that correctly and respectively shows the references for the underlined
words from the text: where (paragraph 1), their (paragraph 1) and their (paragraph 3).
Ano: 2025
Banca:
INSTITUTO AOCP
Órgão:
CBM-PR
Prova:
INSTITUTO AOCP - 2025 - CBM-PR - Cadete Bombeiro Militar |
Q3864369
Inglês
Texto associado
Use text I for question
Text I
Helping Others Helps Ourselves
By Victoria - Pineville, Missour
I believe helping others is a way to help ourselves. Helping a friend, family, a neighbor, or even a stranger does not necessarily mean fixing their car, or buying them lunch. Helping someone could be as simple as waving or smiling when walking past them. Helping a person could be a small thing such as listening to their problems, offering support and advice, and walking them through an otherwise hard time. Honestly, a person can help another without realizing helping is what they are doing.
Even though I am only eighteen years of age, I have helped many people and I will continue to do so for the rest of my life. In helping others I have become a better person. Offering assistance to others is the best way to leave a good impression on someone. Maybe it is the alleged “bum” on the side of the road; no one can truly know if he is sincerely poor or not except him/her. Still, stopping to give him/her a happy meal or a cup of coffee can show him/her that there are good people left in the world. You may not remember his/her face, but I can guarantee that he/she will remember your kindness forever.
Maybe you have a family member that is in trouble, and even though you agree with the punishment that has been given, you still feel the need to lend a helping hand. In my book everyone deserves a second chance, however if they blow that chance, then they are one their own. I also believe that everyone deserves the chance not to be judged. There are several people that are cold hearted, but seeing the good or best in them could help them to change into a better person. This is why I believe in helping other people.
I am soon going into the medical field to become a doctor. I chose this field in order to make the most out of helping people. I would be able to save someone’s life and in turn heal a family’s anguish. Besides healing others, I can deliver a child and make a family come together despite their differences and celebrate the joy of a newborn. I can in turn use my knowledge to discover a cure for cancer or lupus, thus helping many families realize there is still hope. Mostly, however, I would be helping myself in knowing that I have helped so many people for one small act of kindness. I hope that my belief will have a lasting effect on those who read it, and that you too will see the joy in helping others and do the same.
VICTORIA. Helping others helps ourselves. This I Believe, Pineville, Missouri, [s.d.]. Available at: https://thisibelieve.org/essay/. Accessed on: June 1, 2025.
Based on the analysis of word classes (parts of
speech) in the text I, mark the correct alternative.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
Marinha
Órgão:
COLÉGIO NAVAL
Prova:
Marinha - 2025 - COLÉGIO NAVAL - Aluno - 1° dia |
Q3832781
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text II to answer question.
TEXT II
France to trial ban on mobile phones at school for children
under 15
Kim Willsher - Paris
Tue 27 Aug 2024
France is to trial a ban on mobile phones at school
pupils who are younger than 15, seeking to give children a
"digital pause" that, if judged successful, could be rolled
out nationwide from January.
Just under 200 secondary schools will take place in the
experiment that will require youngsters to hand over
phones on arrival at reception. It takes the prohibition on
the devices further than a 2018 law that banned pupils at
primary and secondary schools from using their phones on
the premises but allowed them to keep possession of
them.
Announcing the trial on Tuesday, the acting education
minister, Nicole Belloubet, said the aim was to give
youngsters a "digital pause". If the trial proves successful,
the ban would be introduced in all schools from January,
Belloubet said.
A commission set up by the president, Emmanuel Macron,
expressed concern that the overexposure of children to
screens was having a detrimental effect on their health and
development.
A 140-page report published in March concluded there was
"a very clear consensus on the direct and indirect negative
effects of digital devices on sleep, on being sedentary - a
lack of physical activity and the risk of being overweight
and even obese - as well as on sight". It said the "hyper"
use of phones and other digital technology was not only
bad for children but also for "society and civilisation".
The report recommended children's use of mobile phones
be controlled in stages: no mobile phones before the age
of at least 11, mobiles without internet access between 11
and 13, phones with internet but no access to social media
before 15.
It also suggested children under three years old should not
be exposed at all to digital devices, which it said were "not
necessary for the healthy development of the child".
"We must put the digital tool in its place. Up to at least six
years old a child has no need for a digital device to
develop," Servane Mouton, a neurologist and
neurophysiologist who was on the commission, said. "We
have to teach parents once again how to play with their
children."
Banning phones in schools has long been debated across
Europe. In countries where bans exist this is most often
confined to their use and do not require children to hand
them over.
In Germany there are no formal restrictions but most
schools have prohibited the use of mobile phones and
digital devices in classrooms except for education
purposes. A quasi ban has been in place in Dutch
secondary school classrooms since the beginning of this
year, but as a recommendation and not a legal obligation.
From this school year the directive will also apply to
primary schools.
Italy was early to phone bans, introducing one in 2007,
easing it in 2017 and reimposing it in 2022. It applies to all
age groups.
In February this year, the British government issued
guidance for schools "on prohibiting the use of mobile
phones throughout the school day" but said it was for
individual head teachers and leaders to decide on phone
use policy.
Portugal is experimenting with a compromise by
introducing a number of phone-free days at schools each
month, while in Spain schools in some autonomous
regions have imposed a ban but there is no nationwide
prohibition.
Adapted from: <https://www.thequardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/27/franceto-trial-ban-on-mobile-phones-at-school-for-children-under-15>
The pronouns in the sentence "(...) but allowed them to
keep possession of them" (2nd paragraph) refer to,
respectively:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
Marinha
Órgão:
ESCOLA NAVAL
Prova:
Marinha - 2025 - ESCOLA NAVAL - Aspirante - 1º Dia |
Q3736277
Inglês
Mark the option in which the word in parentheses replaces
the underlined word(s) correctly.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
Marinha
Órgão:
ESCOLA NAVAL
Prova:
Marinha - 2025 - ESCOLA NAVAL - Aspirante - 1º Dia |
Q3736270
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT I
Read the text below and answer question.
Is peanut butter a good source of protein? Nutrition
experts explain.
[1] Protein is the macronutrient du jour. Discussions about
nutrition online as of late are all about making sure you're
consuming enough protein every day.
[2] The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for
protein is currently 0.36 grams of protein per pound,
according to Harvard Health, or about 54 grams daily for a
person who weighs 150 pounds.
[3] But diet experts are increasingly pushing for consuming
higher amounts of protein: upwards of 60 to 90 grams
daily. Registered dietitian Jamie Nadeau previously told
USA TODAY that she recommends getting "at least 20
grams of protein per meal for satiety," though she notes
everyone has different needs.
[4] To what extent can peanut butter help you reach those
goals? Nutrition experts explain.
[5] A two-tablespoon serving of peanut butter contains
about 7 grams of protein, according to the U.S.
Department of Agriculture's (USDA) food database.
[6] That doesn't mean you shouldn't eat peanut butter -
experts say it just means peanut butter is meant to be a
small part of more well-rounded meals. Thomason
suggests pairing a serving of peanut butter with a carb,
protein and a fruit or vegetable. Some favorite combos
include peanut butter and an apple, peanut butter and
banana toast and a smoothie or oatmeal with peanut
butter.
[7] "Those things are going to help you balance it out and
not feel like it's easy to overeat,"she says.
[8] To hit that recommended 20-gram goal, you'd have to
eat about 6 tablespoons - nearly three servings of peanut
butter - which amounts to nearly 600 calories. While
experts say eating more than the serving size isn't harmful,
per se, there are much easier (and less calorie-dense)
food options to get more protein.
(Adapted from https://www.usatoday.com)
The pronoun "it" in the sentence "Those things are going to
help you balance it out and not feel like it's easy to overeat,
[...]" (paragraph 7) refers to:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
Aeronáutica
Órgão:
EEAR
Prova:
Aeronáutica - 2025 - EEAR - Sargento - CFS - Código 42 |
Q3520541
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text and answer the question.
One man in a boat
L.G. Alexander
Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything ‐ not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. “You must give up fishing!” my friends say. “It’s a waste of time.” But they don’t realize one important thing. I’m not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!
PRACTICE AND PROGRESS ‐ An Integrated Course for Pre‐Intermediate Students, L.G Alexander, Longman Group Limited, London.
The underlined pronoun in the text is correctly related to
Ano: 2025
Banca:
Aeronáutica
Órgão:
EEAR
Prova:
Aeronáutica - 2025 - EEAR - Sargento - CFS - Código 42 |
Q3520533
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text and answer the question.
What is a friend?
Márcio Paulo Barbosa Pena Mascarenhas
Laurie: To me, a friend is someone who stands by you when
you need them, someone who cares. Not like your parents,
________. Parents are either picking on you or telling you off, so
sometimes it’s a pain. To a friend you can always open up.
Angela: I agree with Laurie but personally, I don’t think a
friend has to be physically around all the time. I have friends that I
haven’t seen in years, but I know if we get together, we’ll pick up
right where we left off.
Fran: I think a friend is that old pal you’ve always gotten on
with. I often look back on my schooldays and I think of the funny
things my friends and I did together. As I see it, the friends you
make in youth are friends to keep for a lifetime.
Gary: If you ask me, a friend is a person you have fun and
relax with. My friends and I talk about movies, sports or politics. I
don’t go round telling them my troubles and I don’t particularly
want to hear theirs. I believe that if you don’t expect too much
from people, you won’t be let down.
Grade 1, Student’s book, Belo Horizonte, 14th edition.
Read the excerpt below and match the columns according to the functions of the words in bold in the sentence. Then, choose the alternative with the correct sequence:
“To me, a friend is someone who stands by you when you need them...”
1 – someone
2 – who
3 – you
4 – them
( ) relative pronoun
( ) subject pronoun
( ) object pronoun
( ) indefinite pronoun
“To me, a friend is someone who stands by you when you need them...”
1 – someone
2 – who
3 – you
4 – them
( ) relative pronoun
( ) subject pronoun
( ) object pronoun
( ) indefinite pronoun
Ano: 2025
Banca:
Aeronáutica
Órgão:
EEAR
Prova:
Aeronáutica - 2025 - EEAR - Sargento - CFS - Código 40 |
Q3517694
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text and answer question.
What is a friend?
Márcio Paulo Barbosa Pena Mascarenhas
Laurie: To me, a friend is someone who stands by you when
you need them, someone who cares. Not like your parents,
________. Parents are either picking on you or telling you off, so
sometimes it’s a pain. To a friend you can always open up.
Angela: I agree with Laurie but personally, I don’t think a
friend has to be physically around all the time. I have friends that I
haven’t seen in years, but I know if we get together, we’ll pick up
right where we left off.
Fran: I think a friend is that old pal you’ve always gotten on
with. I often look back on my schooldays and I think of the funny
things my friends and I did together. As I see it, the friends you
make in youth are friends to keep for a lifetime.
Gary: If you ask me, a friend is a person you have fun and
relax with. My friends and I talk about movies, sports or politics. I
don’t go round telling them my troubles and I don’t particularly
want to hear theirs. I believe that if you don’t expect too much
from people, you won’t be let down.
Grade 1, Student’s book, Belo Horizonte, 14th edition.
Read the excerpt below and match the columns according
to the functions of the words in bold in the sentence. Then,
choose the alternative with the correct sequence:
“To me, a friend is someone who stands by you when you need them...”
1 – someone
2 – who
3 – you
4 – them
( ) relative pronoun
( ) subject pronoun
( ) object pronoun
( ) indefinite pronoun
“To me, a friend is someone who stands by you when you need them...”
1 – someone
2 – who
3 – you
4 – them
( ) relative pronoun
( ) subject pronoun
( ) object pronoun
( ) indefinite pronoun
Ano: 2025
Banca:
Aeronáutica
Órgão:
EEAR
Prova:
Aeronáutica - 2025 - EEAR - Sargento - CFS - Código 85 |
Q3516998
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text and answer question.
Earthquake levels city of Antakya in southern Turkey
The Turkish city of Antakya, one of the hardest‐hit towns in
the earthquake zone, has been nearly destroyed by the massive
7.8 quake that struck on 6th February. Tall apartment buildings
were flattened, trapping residents who were sleeping when the
quake struck in the early morning hours. Thousands are
__________ to be buried in their homes. Most of the city was
heavily damaged and rescuers have been working around the
clock to pull survivors from under the rubble, racing against time
in cold weather. Many residents were left homeless and had to
spend nights outdoors, burning debris to keep warm as overnight
temperatures dropped below freezing. Workers pulled a man in
his 30s out of the ruins as a jubilant crowd burst into cheers and
tears. Not long after, they found an elderly woman. Then, a 10‐
year‐old girl was also rescued: the child was under the rubble for
90 hours. These moments of hope among the devastation keep
them going as darkness falls. More than 80 hours after the quake,
rescuers using pails along with other equipment, found a man and
his mother, and pulled them out alive. Amid the rubble, a group
of rescuers were able to pull out lost family members alive.
Even as more help arrives, hope for finding survivors
dwindles. Family members wait in the cold to see if their loved
ones will be found, alive or dead. There are more than 100 bodies
waiting for identification in a makeshift morgue outside the
Antakya hospital. More than 600 aftershocks are slowing recovery
efforts and make the task more dangerous. Little aid from the
government has reached the city and the need is overwhelming.
People walk the streets in tears, dazed. There is no place to go.
Everything is covered in dust. Even with some 120,000 rescuers
across Turkey and Syria now taking part in the effort, the task is
daunting. With every passing hour, the likelihood of finding
survivors diminishes.
Adapted. Internet: www.abcnews.go.com/International.
The word them, in bold in the text, refers to the
Ano: 2025
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
EsFCEx
Prova:
VUNESP - 2025 - EsFCEx - Oficial - Especialidade: Magistério em Inglês |
Q3512680
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text to answer question.
Based on theoretical, experimental, and experiential
knowledge, teachers and teacher educators have expressed
their dissatisfaction with method in different ways. Studies
clearly demonstrate that, even as the methodological band
played on, practicing teachers have been marching to a
different drum.
In this sense, the post method condition is established
as a timely response. It signifies interrelated attributes. First
and foremost, it signifies a search for an alternative to method
rather than an alternative method. While alternative methods
are primarily products of top-down processes, alternatives
to method are mainly products of bottom-up processes.
In practical terms, this means that we need to refigure the
relationship between the theorizer and the practitioner of
language teaching. If the concept of method authorizes
theorizers to centralize pedagogic decision-making, the
postmethod condition enables practitioners to generate
location-specific, classroom-oriented innovative strategies.
Secondly, the postmethod condition signifies teacher
autonomy. The conventional concept of method “overlooks
the fund of experience and tacit knowledge about teaching
which the teachers already have by virtue of their lives as
students” (Freeman, 1991). The postmethod condition,
however, recognizes the teachers’ potential to know not
only how to teach but also how to act autonomously within
the academic and administrative constraints imposed by
institutions, curricula, and textbooks. It also promotes the
ability of teachers to know how to develop a critical approach
in order to self-observe, self-analyze, and self-evaluate
their own teaching practice with a view to effecting desired
changes.
(B. Kumaravadivelu, Beyond Methods: Macrostrategies for language
teaching. Haven and London: Yale University Press. 2003. Adaptado)
Pronouns are important elements for text cohesion.
In the extract from the second paragraph “It signifies
interrelated attributes”, the pronoun It has “the
postmethod condition” as its referent. A pronoun it that
does not have a referent and only performs a grammatical
function is a “nonreferential it”. In the following sentences,
a “nonreferencial it” is found in:
Q3303830
Inglês
Read the short excerpt below and answer the question
that follows:
"During the annual cultural festival, students and teachers alike participated in activities ranging from traditional dances to interactive art exhibitions. Some students even created visual posters without any text, relying solely on symbols and colors to convey powerful social messages. Each participant's display represented a unique perspective on community and collaboration."
Based on the excerpt, which statement most accurately reflects both the verbal and non-verbal elements mentioned, as well as the use of possessive forms and indefinite pronouns?
"During the annual cultural festival, students and teachers alike participated in activities ranging from traditional dances to interactive art exhibitions. Some students even created visual posters without any text, relying solely on symbols and colors to convey powerful social messages. Each participant's display represented a unique perspective on community and collaboration."
Based on the excerpt, which statement most accurately reflects both the verbal and non-verbal elements mentioned, as well as the use of possessive forms and indefinite pronouns?
Q3214470
Inglês
Texto associado
2024 USHERED IN TWO FIRSTS FOR MILITARY WOMEN. WE’RE ALL CELEBRATING.
PETULA DVORAK Adaptado de washingtonpost.com, 15/01/2024.
They told Hanley Disher − when she reached out to them for reunions or events − that they can’t. (l. 34-35)
The underlined pronoun refers to women that are:
Q3487266
Inglês
Match the columns. Then choose the alternative with
correct sequence.
1 – Who
2 – Why
3 – What
4 – When
5 – Which
6 – Where
( ) do you live?
( ) is your father?
( ) are you crying?
( ) were you born?
( ) color is the sky?
( ) do you prefer: tea or coffee?
1 – Who
2 – Why
3 – What
4 – When
5 – Which
6 – Where
( ) do you live?
( ) is your father?
( ) are you crying?
( ) were you born?
( ) color is the sky?
( ) do you prefer: tea or coffee?
Q3487265
Inglês
Choose the correct alternative to complete the dialog.
Alex: Can you see the soldier in the camouflaged uniform? Camille: __________________. There are two.
Alex: Can you see the soldier in the camouflaged uniform? Camille: __________________. There are two.
Q3487260
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text and answer question.
How long will you live?
Everyone wants to live a long and healthy life. Today, many
scientists are trying to find the habits that help people live
longer. In 1970, some scientists talked to 7,000 people in the
United States and got information about ___________ habits.
Then they checked to see how long the people lived.
The scientists learned that the people with the longest
lives did seven things. (1) They ate breakfast every day. (2) They
didn’t eat snacks between meals. (3) They weren’t too heavy or
too thin. (4) They exercised regularly. (5) They slept seven to
eight hours every night not more, and not less. (6) They didn’t
smoke. (7) They didn’t drink more than two alcoholic drinks per
day.
These were the habits that made a big difference. People
who did all of these things lived 12 years longer than people
who did only one to three of the things.
Scientists say that you should change your habits slowly.
Make one small change every week. You need about 21 days to
make a new habit.
Adapted. World English 1B. 2010. Heinle Cengage Learning.
Choose the correct word to complete the text.
Q3487259
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text and answer question.
How long will you live?
Everyone wants to live a long and healthy life. Today, many
scientists are trying to find the habits that help people live
longer. In 1970, some scientists talked to 7,000 people in the
United States and got information about ___________ habits.
Then they checked to see how long the people lived.
The scientists learned that the people with the longest
lives did seven things. (1) They ate breakfast every day. (2) They
didn’t eat snacks between meals. (3) They weren’t too heavy or
too thin. (4) They exercised regularly. (5) They slept seven to
eight hours every night not more, and not less. (6) They didn’t
smoke. (7) They didn’t drink more than two alcoholic drinks per
day.
These were the habits that made a big difference. People
who did all of these things lived 12 years longer than people
who did only one to three of the things.
Scientists say that you should change your habits slowly.
Make one small change every week. You need about 21 days to
make a new habit.
Adapted. World English 1B. 2010. Heinle Cengage Learning.
Choose the correct alternative to replace the underlined
word in the text, without changing the meaning.
Q3347588
Inglês
Avoid repetition in text by replacing the underlined phrases with the right pronouns.
MARIA EDUARDA’S CHANGE OF CAREERS
Maria Eduarda was an English teacher at a private school in Três Corações. Seven years ago, she saw a military parade on Independence Day and thought about joining the Brazilian Army. At first Maria Eduarda’s husband didn’t support Maria Eduarda’s radical career change because Maria Eduarda’s husband was very worried about her radical career change. On the other hand, Maria Eduarda’s mother and father encouraged Maria Eduarda because Maria Eduarda’s mother and father were very proud of their daughter’s decision. Then Maria Eduarda applied for the Army exam and passed it. Now she is a brilliant English Teacher in the Language Teaching Section of the NCO Academy.
Q3347585
Inglês
Complete the story with the correct indefinite adjectives and pronouns.
During a patrol a United Nations Peacekeeping mission patrol, Sergeant Reis and his squad scans the surroundings of the area carefully.
Sergeant Reis: - Everything seems to be calm around here. I see ____ signs of danger but remain on alert. Corporal Santos: - We are vigilant, sir, but I sincerely hope ____ bad happens tonight. However, we are ready to respond to ____ situation.
Private Costa: - There is ____ moving ahead in the darkness,
Sergeant Reis. Can you see it? Is it a dog? Corporal Santos: - I think it’s a person. ____ is coming towards us.
Sergeant Reis: - Take cover and cock your weapons. I will warn him or her of our presence. We have to follow the rules of engagement. Sergeant Reis: Is ____ there? United Nations! Stop or I’ll shoot!
Although the mission is to maintain peace and security, Sergeant Reis is ready to protect his men at any cost and make sure that ____ poses a threat to his unit.
Q3043501
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT I
“All crimes are not created equal in the harm they cause: homicide is many times more harmful than shoplifting
but in crime statistics where offences are counted by number, they appear equivalent. For example, in the UK
for the year ending September 2019, there were 3,578,000 incidents of theft and 729 homicides (Office for
National Statistics, 2019). An increase of 500 thefts would be a small change in the overall number of thefts
and have little impact on police resources. 500 extra homicides would have large consequences both for the
harm caused and the impact on police resources. In a number-only count, the additional 500 thefts or
homicides would result in the same overall number of crimes, yet clearly the impacts are disparate.
This reality has led to the proposition of a “Harm Index” to measure how harmful different crimes are in
proportion to the others. This approach adds a larger weight to more harmful crimes (e.g. homicide, rape and
grievous bodily harm with intent), distinguishing them from less harmful types of crime (e.g. minor thefts,
criminal damage and common assault). Practically, adoption of a harm index can allow targeting of the highestharm places, the most harmful offenders, the most harmed victims, and can assist in identifying victimoffenders. Experimentally, use of a harm index can add an additional dimension to the usual measures of
success or failure, by considering harm prevented as well as reductions in prevalence or frequency. For the
police, creation of harm index could allow them to invest scarce resources in proportion to the harm of each
offence type.
Sherman, Neyroud and Neyroud (2016) propose that any index needs to meet three requirements in order to
be considered a legitimate measure of harm: An index must meet a democratic standard, be reliable and also
be adopted at minimal cost to the end user. To meet these requirements, Sherman, Neyroud and Neyroud
(2016) opted for using sentence starting points rather than maximum or average actual sentences. The
sentencing starting point is used to calculate crime harm as it provides a baseline penalty relative to the crime.
We propose that it is a better measure of harm caused by the crime than average actual sentences, which are
offender-focused and thus substantially affected by previous offending history.
The Cambridge Crime Harm Consensus proposes creation of seven statistics for counting crime, usefully
including separation of historic crime reports, creation of a harm detection fraction and separation of public
reported crime and those detected by proactive police activity, with the aim of providing the public with a more
reliable and realistic assessment of trends, patterns and differences in public safety.
Counting crime by harm is an idea that has spread beyond the United Kingdom with indices published for
Denmark (Andersen and Mueller-Johnson, 2018), Sweden (Karrholm et al. 2020), Western Australia (House
and Neyroud, 2018), California (Mitchell, 2017), New Zealand and other countries.”
Cambridge Centre for Evidence-Based Policing. Available at: https://www.cambridge-ebp.co.uk/thechi Accessed on: June 30, 2024.
In the sentence "Counting crime by harm is an idea that has spread beyond the United
Kingdom”, identify the grammatical function of "that”:
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