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Q3409033
Enfermagem Imunização , Calendário Vacinal ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Agente Comunitário de Saúde |
Q3409033 Enfermagem
O calendário de Vacinação engloba a campanha para vacina do papilomavírus humano – HPV quadrivalente no Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS. Considerando estas informações, analise as asserções a seguir e a relação entre elas.

I. Essa vacina faz parte das atuais ações para o rastreamento do câncer de colo de útero.
PORQUE
II. O vírus do HPV é responsável pela mutação das células do útero, sendo assim o único tratamento de prevenção do câncer é a imunização para essa doença.
Alternativas
Q3409032
Enfermagem Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica , Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Agente Comunitário de Saúde |
Q3409032 Enfermagem
Marta 55 anos, recebeu a visita domiciliar e durante o relato citou histórico familiar de Hipertensão Arterial. Ao verificar a pressão arterial, observou-se que a mesma estava alterada. Na educação em saúde o ACS pode orientar que NÃO é fator de risco para a hipertensão: 
Alternativas
Q3409031
Saúde Pública Políticas Públicas, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde Pública , Organização e Funcionamento do SUS ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Agente Comunitário de Saúde |
Q3409031 Saúde Pública
A Estratégia e-SUS APS faz referência ao processo de informatização qualificada do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em busca de um SUS eletrônico (e-SUS) e tem como objetivo concretizar um novo modelo de gestão de informação que apoie os municípios e os serviços de saúde na gestão efetiva da APS e na qualificação do cuidado dos usuários. Portanto não se pode afirmar que: 
Alternativas
Q3409030
Saúde Pública Políticas Públicas, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde Pública , Organização e Funcionamento do SUS ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Agente Comunitário de Saúde |
Q3409030 Saúde Pública
A atuação do agente comunitário de saúde foi regulamentada como profissional da saúde, o que significou definir atribuições específicas. Dentre as atribuições abaixo apenas está incorreto: 
Alternativas
Q3409029
Enfermagem Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Agente Comunitário de Saúde |
Q3409029 Enfermagem
No que compete a promoção da Saúde da Criança, a vacinação é um fator de grande relevância, sobre isso é ação prudente do ACS, exceto: 
Alternativas
Q3409028
Saúde Pública Epidemiologia e Saúde Coletiva ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Agente Comunitário de Saúde |
Q3409028 Saúde Pública
O Agente Comunitário de Saúde têm um papel importante na coleta de dados sobre indicadores de saúde. Alguns conceitos são muito utilizados na descrição de uma população. Analise as seguintes definições:

_____________________ é a variável característica das comunidades de seres vivos, refere-se ao conjunto dos indivíduos que adquirem doenças (ou determinadas doenças) num dado intervalo de tempo em uma determinada população.
______________________ é o número de casos novos da doença que iniciaram no mesmo local e período. Traz a idéia de intensidade com que acontece uma doença numa população, mede a freqüência ou probabilidade de ocorrência de casos novos de doença na população.
______________________ é o número total de casos de uma doença, existentes num determinado local e período.

Os termos que preenchem corretamente as lacunas acima são: 
Alternativas
Q3409027
Saúde Pública Políticas Públicas, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde Pública , Planejamento e Programação Local de Saúde no Brasil , Organização e Funcionamento do SUS ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Agente Comunitário de Saúde |
Q3409027 Saúde Pública
Das alternativas abaixo, qual atribuição NÃO compete ao Agente Comunitário de Saúde: 
Alternativas
Q3409026
Saúde Pública Políticas Públicas, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde Pública , Planejamento e Programação Local de Saúde no Brasil , Organização e Funcionamento do SUS ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Agente Comunitário de Saúde |
Q3409026 Saúde Pública
O agente comunitário de saúde também pode atuar em Unidades Básicas de Saúde, a partir da implantação da Estratégia de Agentes Comunitários como uma possibilidade para a reorganização inicial da atenção básica, com vistas à implantação gradual da Estratégia Saúde da família. Para que se configure como Estratégia de Agentes Comunitário é essencial:

I. A existência de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, inscrita no sistema de cadastro nacional vigente, que passa a ser a UBS de referência para a equipe de agentes comunitários de saúde não havendo a necessidade de supervisão de outro profissional nesse setor.
II. A existência de um enfermeiro para até, no máximo, 10 ACS e, no mínimo, quatro, constituindo, assim, uma equipe de agentes comunitários de saúde.
III. O cumprimento da carga horária integral de 40 horas semanais por toda a equipe de agentes comunitários, composta por ACS e enfermeiro supervisor.
IV. Cada ACS deve realizar as ações previstas e ter uma microárea sob sua responsabilidade, cuja população não ultrapasse 750 pessoas.

Conforme a Política Nacional da Atenção Básica é correto o que se afirma em: 
Alternativas
Q3409025
Saúde Pública Políticas Públicas, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde Pública , Planejamento e Programação Local de Saúde no Brasil ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Agente Comunitário de Saúde |
Q3409025 Saúde Pública
O planejamento de ações no SUS é orientado a partir das decisões pactuadas entre todos os órgãos colegiados. Sobre isso podemos afirmar: 
Alternativas
Q3409024
Saúde Pública Políticas Públicas, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde Pública , SUS: princípios, diretrizes, participação e controle social ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Agente Comunitário de Saúde |
Q3409024 Saúde Pública
O SUS como sistema de saúde têm em suas diretrizes a descentralização de responsabilidades afim de garantir a promoção de serviços de saúde de maneira igualitária e democrática. Para tanto, os Conselhos de Saúde são essenciais na atuação da gestão coletiva. Analise as afirmativas a seguir:

I. O Conselho de Saúde, no âmbito de atuação (Nacional, Estadual ou Municipal), em caráter permanente e deliberativo, órgão colegiado composto por representantes do governo, prestadores de serviço, profissionais de saúde e usuários, atua na formulação de estratégias e no controle da execução da política de saúde na instância correspondente, inclusive nos aspectos econômicos e financeiros, cujas decisões serão homologadas pelo chefe do poder legalmente constituído em cada esfera do governo.
II. Cabe a cada Conselho de Saúde definir o número de membros, que obedecerá a seguinte composição: 40% de entidades e movimentos representativos de usuários; 30% de entidades representativas dos trabalhadores da área de saúde e 30% de representação de governo e prestadores de serviços privados conveniados, ou sem fins lucrativos.
III. O Conselho Nacional de Secretarias Municipais de Saúde (Conasems) é reconhecido como entidade que representam os entes municipais, no âmbito estadual, para tratar de matérias referentes à saúde, desde que vinculados institucionalmente ao Conasems, na forma que dispuserem seus estatutos.

Qual(is) afirmativa(s) está(ão) CORRETA (S): 
Alternativas
Q3403874
Inglês Palavras conectivas | Connective words ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403874 Inglês
Considering the following sentences, which one of the alternatives presents only the adequate choices for each sentence?

I) I wouldn’t tell where Alice lives whereas I knew.
II) Even though I’m quite old, I still miss my parents.
III) The driver stopped to let on more passengers even though the bus was already full.
Alternativas
Q3403873
Inglês Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions , Palavras conectivas | Connective words ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403873 Inglês
Considering the following sentence: “The teacher wrote the questions on the board ______ the students copied them.” Which one of the following is the correct choice?
Alternativas
Q3403872
Inglês Determinantes e quantificadores | Determiners and quantifiers ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403872 Inglês
Considering the following sentence: “The announcement will come as a ___________ surprise.” Which one of the following is the correct choice?
Alternativas
Q3403871
Inglês Voz Ativa e Passiva | Passive and Active Voice ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403871 Inglês
Considering the following sentence: “Every Christmas, our aunt prepares the meal with great care.” How can we transform it into the PASSIVE VOICE?
Alternativas
Q3403870
Inglês Discurso direto e indireto | Reported speech , Verbos | Verbs ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403870 Inglês
Transform the direct speech into indirect speech correctly: “Will you join me for dinner?” She asked them.
Alternativas
Q3403869
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403869 Inglês
Read Text II for the question:

TEXT II

It’s hard to overstate the benefits of a night’s rest for human memory, and neuroscientists are just beginning to understand why.

Jakke Tamminen has plenty of students who do that very studenty thing of staying up all night right before an exam, in the hope of stuffing in as much knowledge as they can. But “that’s the worst thing you can do”, the psychology lecturer at the UK’s Royal Holloway University warns them.

He should know. Tamminen is an expert on how sleep affects memory, specifically the recall needed for language. Sleep learning – another idea beloved of students, in the hope that, say, playing a language-learning recording during sleep would imprint itself into the brain subliminally and they’d wake up speaking Latin – is a myth. But sleep itself is essential for embedding knowledge in the brain, and the research of Tamminen and others shows us why that is.

In Tamminen’s ongoing research project, participants learn new vocabulary, then stay awake all night.

Tamminen compares their memory of those words after a few nights, and then after a week. Even after several nights of recovery sleep, there is a substantial difference in how quickly they recall those words compared to the control group of participants who didn’t face sleep deprivation. “Sleep is really a central part of learning,” he says. “Even though you’re not studying when you sleep, your brain is still studying. It’s almost like it’s working on your behalf. You can’t really get the full impact of the time you put into your studies unless you sleep.” […]

But more critical to Tamminen’s current research – and to sleep’s role in language development more generally – is a non-REM phase of deep sleep known as slow-wave sleep (SWS). SWS is important for forming and retaining memories, whether of vocabulary, grammar, or other knowledge. The interaction of different parts of the brain is key here. During SWS, the hippocampus, which is good at quick learning, is in constant communication with the neocortex, to consolidate it for long term recall.

So the hippocampus might initially encode a new word learned earlier that day, but to truly consolidate that knowledge – spotting patterns and finding connections with other ideas that allow for creative problem-solving – the neocortical system needs to get involved.

This information expressway between the hippocampus and the neocortex is populated by sleep spindles – spikes in brain activity that are no more than three seconds long.

“Sleep spindles are somehow associated with linking new information with existing information,” Tamminen says. And the data from his research participants suggests that people with more sleep spindles have more consolidation of the words they have learned. […]

Children have more slow-wave sleep than adults – which may be one factor explaining how quickly kids learn, in both language and other areas. The child sleep lab at Germany’s University of Tuebingen investigates the role of sleep in consolidating children’s memory. Monitoring what happens in children’s brains during sleep, and how much information they retain before and after sleep, shows that sleep helps with accessing implicit knowledge (procedural memory) and making it explicit (declarative memory).

“The effects are stronger in early childhood because the brain is developing,” says Dominique Petit, the coordinator of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, who has also explored the circadian rhythm in children. In practical terms, this means that “children need to sleep during the day to remember everything that they have to learn”.

“Daytime naps in young children have been shown to be really important for vocabulary growth, generalization of the meaning of words and abstraction in language learning,” she says. “Sleep continues to be important for memory and learning throughout the lifetime, though.” […]

Not only does sleep help with accessing this information, it also changes the way this information is accessed. This makes brains more flexible at retrieving information (or able to access it in more ways).

But it also makes them better at extracting the most significant parts of it.

“It’s actually an active process of strengthening and changing the memory trace,” Zinke says. “Memory gets transferred in a way that the most important information (the gist) is remembered.”

Clearly, for children as well as adults, prolonged sleep isn’t a sign of laziness in a language learner. It’s critical for our brains’ connections and our bodies’ rhythms.

Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/ article/20180815-why-sleep-should-be-everystudents-priority (adapted)
In the context of the text, what does the term “embedding” most closely mean? 
Alternativas
Q3403868
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403868 Inglês
Read Text II for the question:

TEXT II

It’s hard to overstate the benefits of a night’s rest for human memory, and neuroscientists are just beginning to understand why.

Jakke Tamminen has plenty of students who do that very studenty thing of staying up all night right before an exam, in the hope of stuffing in as much knowledge as they can. But “that’s the worst thing you can do”, the psychology lecturer at the UK’s Royal Holloway University warns them.

He should know. Tamminen is an expert on how sleep affects memory, specifically the recall needed for language. Sleep learning – another idea beloved of students, in the hope that, say, playing a language-learning recording during sleep would imprint itself into the brain subliminally and they’d wake up speaking Latin – is a myth. But sleep itself is essential for embedding knowledge in the brain, and the research of Tamminen and others shows us why that is.

In Tamminen’s ongoing research project, participants learn new vocabulary, then stay awake all night.

Tamminen compares their memory of those words after a few nights, and then after a week. Even after several nights of recovery sleep, there is a substantial difference in how quickly they recall those words compared to the control group of participants who didn’t face sleep deprivation. “Sleep is really a central part of learning,” he says. “Even though you’re not studying when you sleep, your brain is still studying. It’s almost like it’s working on your behalf. You can’t really get the full impact of the time you put into your studies unless you sleep.” […]

But more critical to Tamminen’s current research – and to sleep’s role in language development more generally – is a non-REM phase of deep sleep known as slow-wave sleep (SWS). SWS is important for forming and retaining memories, whether of vocabulary, grammar, or other knowledge. The interaction of different parts of the brain is key here. During SWS, the hippocampus, which is good at quick learning, is in constant communication with the neocortex, to consolidate it for long term recall.

So the hippocampus might initially encode a new word learned earlier that day, but to truly consolidate that knowledge – spotting patterns and finding connections with other ideas that allow for creative problem-solving – the neocortical system needs to get involved.

This information expressway between the hippocampus and the neocortex is populated by sleep spindles – spikes in brain activity that are no more than three seconds long.

“Sleep spindles are somehow associated with linking new information with existing information,” Tamminen says. And the data from his research participants suggests that people with more sleep spindles have more consolidation of the words they have learned. […]

Children have more slow-wave sleep than adults – which may be one factor explaining how quickly kids learn, in both language and other areas. The child sleep lab at Germany’s University of Tuebingen investigates the role of sleep in consolidating children’s memory. Monitoring what happens in children’s brains during sleep, and how much information they retain before and after sleep, shows that sleep helps with accessing implicit knowledge (procedural memory) and making it explicit (declarative memory).

“The effects are stronger in early childhood because the brain is developing,” says Dominique Petit, the coordinator of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, who has also explored the circadian rhythm in children. In practical terms, this means that “children need to sleep during the day to remember everything that they have to learn”.

“Daytime naps in young children have been shown to be really important for vocabulary growth, generalization of the meaning of words and abstraction in language learning,” she says. “Sleep continues to be important for memory and learning throughout the lifetime, though.” […]

Not only does sleep help with accessing this information, it also changes the way this information is accessed. This makes brains more flexible at retrieving information (or able to access it in more ways).

But it also makes them better at extracting the most significant parts of it.

“It’s actually an active process of strengthening and changing the memory trace,” Zinke says. “Memory gets transferred in a way that the most important information (the gist) is remembered.”

Clearly, for children as well as adults, prolonged sleep isn’t a sign of laziness in a language learner. It’s critical for our brains’ connections and our bodies’ rhythms.

Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/ article/20180815-why-sleep-should-be-everystudents-priority (adapted)
The term “spikes” in the context of brain activity refers to what?
Alternativas
Q3403867
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403867 Inglês
Read Text II for the question:

TEXT II

It’s hard to overstate the benefits of a night’s rest for human memory, and neuroscientists are just beginning to understand why.

Jakke Tamminen has plenty of students who do that very studenty thing of staying up all night right before an exam, in the hope of stuffing in as much knowledge as they can. But “that’s the worst thing you can do”, the psychology lecturer at the UK’s Royal Holloway University warns them.

He should know. Tamminen is an expert on how sleep affects memory, specifically the recall needed for language. Sleep learning – another idea beloved of students, in the hope that, say, playing a language-learning recording during sleep would imprint itself into the brain subliminally and they’d wake up speaking Latin – is a myth. But sleep itself is essential for embedding knowledge in the brain, and the research of Tamminen and others shows us why that is.

In Tamminen’s ongoing research project, participants learn new vocabulary, then stay awake all night.

Tamminen compares their memory of those words after a few nights, and then after a week. Even after several nights of recovery sleep, there is a substantial difference in how quickly they recall those words compared to the control group of participants who didn’t face sleep deprivation. “Sleep is really a central part of learning,” he says. “Even though you’re not studying when you sleep, your brain is still studying. It’s almost like it’s working on your behalf. You can’t really get the full impact of the time you put into your studies unless you sleep.” […]

But more critical to Tamminen’s current research – and to sleep’s role in language development more generally – is a non-REM phase of deep sleep known as slow-wave sleep (SWS). SWS is important for forming and retaining memories, whether of vocabulary, grammar, or other knowledge. The interaction of different parts of the brain is key here. During SWS, the hippocampus, which is good at quick learning, is in constant communication with the neocortex, to consolidate it for long term recall.

So the hippocampus might initially encode a new word learned earlier that day, but to truly consolidate that knowledge – spotting patterns and finding connections with other ideas that allow for creative problem-solving – the neocortical system needs to get involved.

This information expressway between the hippocampus and the neocortex is populated by sleep spindles – spikes in brain activity that are no more than three seconds long.

“Sleep spindles are somehow associated with linking new information with existing information,” Tamminen says. And the data from his research participants suggests that people with more sleep spindles have more consolidation of the words they have learned. […]

Children have more slow-wave sleep than adults – which may be one factor explaining how quickly kids learn, in both language and other areas. The child sleep lab at Germany’s University of Tuebingen investigates the role of sleep in consolidating children’s memory. Monitoring what happens in children’s brains during sleep, and how much information they retain before and after sleep, shows that sleep helps with accessing implicit knowledge (procedural memory) and making it explicit (declarative memory).

“The effects are stronger in early childhood because the brain is developing,” says Dominique Petit, the coordinator of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, who has also explored the circadian rhythm in children. In practical terms, this means that “children need to sleep during the day to remember everything that they have to learn”.

“Daytime naps in young children have been shown to be really important for vocabulary growth, generalization of the meaning of words and abstraction in language learning,” she says. “Sleep continues to be important for memory and learning throughout the lifetime, though.” […]

Not only does sleep help with accessing this information, it also changes the way this information is accessed. This makes brains more flexible at retrieving information (or able to access it in more ways).

But it also makes them better at extracting the most significant parts of it.

“It’s actually an active process of strengthening and changing the memory trace,” Zinke says. “Memory gets transferred in a way that the most important information (the gist) is remembered.”

Clearly, for children as well as adults, prolonged sleep isn’t a sign of laziness in a language learner. It’s critical for our brains’ connections and our bodies’ rhythms.

Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/ article/20180815-why-sleep-should-be-everystudents-priority (adapted)
How does sleep affect children’s learning, according to the text?
Alternativas
Q3403866
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403866 Inglês
Read Text II for the question:

TEXT II

It’s hard to overstate the benefits of a night’s rest for human memory, and neuroscientists are just beginning to understand why.

Jakke Tamminen has plenty of students who do that very studenty thing of staying up all night right before an exam, in the hope of stuffing in as much knowledge as they can. But “that’s the worst thing you can do”, the psychology lecturer at the UK’s Royal Holloway University warns them.

He should know. Tamminen is an expert on how sleep affects memory, specifically the recall needed for language. Sleep learning – another idea beloved of students, in the hope that, say, playing a language-learning recording during sleep would imprint itself into the brain subliminally and they’d wake up speaking Latin – is a myth. But sleep itself is essential for embedding knowledge in the brain, and the research of Tamminen and others shows us why that is.

In Tamminen’s ongoing research project, participants learn new vocabulary, then stay awake all night.

Tamminen compares their memory of those words after a few nights, and then after a week. Even after several nights of recovery sleep, there is a substantial difference in how quickly they recall those words compared to the control group of participants who didn’t face sleep deprivation. “Sleep is really a central part of learning,” he says. “Even though you’re not studying when you sleep, your brain is still studying. It’s almost like it’s working on your behalf. You can’t really get the full impact of the time you put into your studies unless you sleep.” […]

But more critical to Tamminen’s current research – and to sleep’s role in language development more generally – is a non-REM phase of deep sleep known as slow-wave sleep (SWS). SWS is important for forming and retaining memories, whether of vocabulary, grammar, or other knowledge. The interaction of different parts of the brain is key here. During SWS, the hippocampus, which is good at quick learning, is in constant communication with the neocortex, to consolidate it for long term recall.

So the hippocampus might initially encode a new word learned earlier that day, but to truly consolidate that knowledge – spotting patterns and finding connections with other ideas that allow for creative problem-solving – the neocortical system needs to get involved.

This information expressway between the hippocampus and the neocortex is populated by sleep spindles – spikes in brain activity that are no more than three seconds long.

“Sleep spindles are somehow associated with linking new information with existing information,” Tamminen says. And the data from his research participants suggests that people with more sleep spindles have more consolidation of the words they have learned. […]

Children have more slow-wave sleep than adults – which may be one factor explaining how quickly kids learn, in both language and other areas. The child sleep lab at Germany’s University of Tuebingen investigates the role of sleep in consolidating children’s memory. Monitoring what happens in children’s brains during sleep, and how much information they retain before and after sleep, shows that sleep helps with accessing implicit knowledge (procedural memory) and making it explicit (declarative memory).

“The effects are stronger in early childhood because the brain is developing,” says Dominique Petit, the coordinator of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, who has also explored the circadian rhythm in children. In practical terms, this means that “children need to sleep during the day to remember everything that they have to learn”.

“Daytime naps in young children have been shown to be really important for vocabulary growth, generalization of the meaning of words and abstraction in language learning,” she says. “Sleep continues to be important for memory and learning throughout the lifetime, though.” […]

Not only does sleep help with accessing this information, it also changes the way this information is accessed. This makes brains more flexible at retrieving information (or able to access it in more ways).

But it also makes them better at extracting the most significant parts of it.

“It’s actually an active process of strengthening and changing the memory trace,” Zinke says. “Memory gets transferred in a way that the most important information (the gist) is remembered.”

Clearly, for children as well as adults, prolonged sleep isn’t a sign of laziness in a language learner. It’s critical for our brains’ connections and our bodies’ rhythms.

Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/ article/20180815-why-sleep-should-be-everystudents-priority (adapted)
What role does slow-wave sleep (SWS) play in memory?
Alternativas
Q3403865
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2024 - Prefeitura de São João do Tigre - PB - Professor B - Letras/Inglês |
Q3403865 Inglês
Read Text II for the question:

TEXT II

It’s hard to overstate the benefits of a night’s rest for human memory, and neuroscientists are just beginning to understand why.

Jakke Tamminen has plenty of students who do that very studenty thing of staying up all night right before an exam, in the hope of stuffing in as much knowledge as they can. But “that’s the worst thing you can do”, the psychology lecturer at the UK’s Royal Holloway University warns them.

He should know. Tamminen is an expert on how sleep affects memory, specifically the recall needed for language. Sleep learning – another idea beloved of students, in the hope that, say, playing a language-learning recording during sleep would imprint itself into the brain subliminally and they’d wake up speaking Latin – is a myth. But sleep itself is essential for embedding knowledge in the brain, and the research of Tamminen and others shows us why that is.

In Tamminen’s ongoing research project, participants learn new vocabulary, then stay awake all night.

Tamminen compares their memory of those words after a few nights, and then after a week. Even after several nights of recovery sleep, there is a substantial difference in how quickly they recall those words compared to the control group of participants who didn’t face sleep deprivation. “Sleep is really a central part of learning,” he says. “Even though you’re not studying when you sleep, your brain is still studying. It’s almost like it’s working on your behalf. You can’t really get the full impact of the time you put into your studies unless you sleep.” […]

But more critical to Tamminen’s current research – and to sleep’s role in language development more generally – is a non-REM phase of deep sleep known as slow-wave sleep (SWS). SWS is important for forming and retaining memories, whether of vocabulary, grammar, or other knowledge. The interaction of different parts of the brain is key here. During SWS, the hippocampus, which is good at quick learning, is in constant communication with the neocortex, to consolidate it for long term recall.

So the hippocampus might initially encode a new word learned earlier that day, but to truly consolidate that knowledge – spotting patterns and finding connections with other ideas that allow for creative problem-solving – the neocortical system needs to get involved.

This information expressway between the hippocampus and the neocortex is populated by sleep spindles – spikes in brain activity that are no more than three seconds long.

“Sleep spindles are somehow associated with linking new information with existing information,” Tamminen says. And the data from his research participants suggests that people with more sleep spindles have more consolidation of the words they have learned. […]

Children have more slow-wave sleep than adults – which may be one factor explaining how quickly kids learn, in both language and other areas. The child sleep lab at Germany’s University of Tuebingen investigates the role of sleep in consolidating children’s memory. Monitoring what happens in children’s brains during sleep, and how much information they retain before and after sleep, shows that sleep helps with accessing implicit knowledge (procedural memory) and making it explicit (declarative memory).

“The effects are stronger in early childhood because the brain is developing,” says Dominique Petit, the coordinator of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, who has also explored the circadian rhythm in children. In practical terms, this means that “children need to sleep during the day to remember everything that they have to learn”.

“Daytime naps in young children have been shown to be really important for vocabulary growth, generalization of the meaning of words and abstraction in language learning,” she says. “Sleep continues to be important for memory and learning throughout the lifetime, though.” […]

Not only does sleep help with accessing this information, it also changes the way this information is accessed. This makes brains more flexible at retrieving information (or able to access it in more ways).

But it also makes them better at extracting the most significant parts of it.

“It’s actually an active process of strengthening and changing the memory trace,” Zinke says. “Memory gets transferred in a way that the most important information (the gist) is remembered.”

Clearly, for children as well as adults, prolonged sleep isn’t a sign of laziness in a language learner. It’s critical for our brains’ connections and our bodies’ rhythms.

Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/ article/20180815-why-sleep-should-be-everystudents-priority (adapted)
What is the main topic of this passage?
Alternativas
Respostas
21: D
22: B
23: A
24: E
25: C
26: D
27: A
28: D
29: D
30: A
31: B
32: C
33: E
34: A
35: A
36: D
37: C
38: A
39: E
40: A
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