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TEXT I
Why do birds sing so loudly in the morning in spring? It’s the ‘dawn chorus’
As spring begins, so does a fresh song at daybreak, unique to the season. Just before the sun rises, birds start singing their melodies, creating a chirpy symphony.
This phenomenon is known as the dawn chorus, and it’s special for a number of reasons: There are more birds singing at this time of year, and they also sing more often. This energetic burst of birdsong is often louder than usual too. The dawn chorus’ early morning explosion of sounds has even inspired multiple poems and songs.
“It's the epitome of spring,” says Jordan E. Rutter, an ornithologist at the American Bird Conservancy. After the long and cold winter, “all of a sudden you have this influx of so many beautiful birds coming back and singing.”
This harmony of birdsong at dawn happens during a fundamental time of the year. The dawn chorus is, in fact, mostly composed of birds of both genders singing to find a mate so they can breed (though males may sing more).
“There is such a large increase in quantity of song by individuals and the collective,” Rutter says. “These birds sing louder to literally be heard. They need to compete with each other as well, and the louder the better in regards to who is the most impressive mate.”
During this time, males also sing to assert their dominance and claim their territory. “Those songs are how they communicate to other males of the same species, or even just other birds and predators in general, and say, ‘This is my home,’” says Rutter.
In the United States and Canada, the dawn chorus can be heard roughly from March through May, when many bird species migrate there from their winter homes to breed. Peak dawn chorus times might depend on where you live, Rutter says. For example, April is peak for the southern U.S., but birds in Washington, D.C., will put on the best show in early May. (Alternatively, in the tropics, the dawn chorus can be heard almost any time of year, as many birds have a prolonged breeding season in those warmer climates.)
Why is it a ‘dawn’ chorus?
But why birds sing in the early morning is still “an open question,” says Mike Webster, an ornithologist at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. “There's a lot of debate, and I don't think there's any consensus on exactly why it is that everything happens at dawn."
One hypothesis is that weather conditions at daybreak make it easier for birdsong to travel.
“In general, sound travels farther when the air is cooler and more dense. Sound also transmits more clearly (and very slightly faster) when humidity is higher so that details of the song do not degrade as much over distance,” says Heather Williams, a professor at Williams College who has studied the neuroscience of birdsong. She notes that wind may also impede sound transmission. “At dawn, the cooler air results in decreased winds at ground level, so coupled with the higher humidity, sound carries farther and more clearly, with less distortion.”
Extract from
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/birds-dawn-chorus (Accessed on 14 April 2025.)
“I need you to support me this afternoon.” The verb “to support” in this context can be changed by the phrasal verb:
TEXT I
Why do birds sing so loudly in the morning in spring? It’s the ‘dawn chorus’
As spring begins, so does a fresh song at daybreak, unique to the season. Just before the sun rises, birds start singing their melodies, creating a chirpy symphony.
This phenomenon is known as the dawn chorus, and it’s special for a number of reasons: There are more birds singing at this time of year, and they also sing more often. This energetic burst of birdsong is often louder than usual too. The dawn chorus’ early morning explosion of sounds has even inspired multiple poems and songs.
“It's the epitome of spring,” says Jordan E. Rutter, an ornithologist at the American Bird Conservancy. After the long and cold winter, “all of a sudden you have this influx of so many beautiful birds coming back and singing.”
This harmony of birdsong at dawn happens during a fundamental time of the year. The dawn chorus is, in fact, mostly composed of birds of both genders singing to find a mate so they can breed (though males may sing more).
“There is such a large increase in quantity of song by individuals and the collective,” Rutter says. “These birds sing louder to literally be heard. They need to compete with each other as well, and the louder the better in regards to who is the most impressive mate.”
During this time, males also sing to assert their dominance and claim their territory. “Those songs are how they communicate to other males of the same species, or even just other birds and predators in general, and say, ‘This is my home,’” says Rutter.
In the United States and Canada, the dawn chorus can be heard roughly from March through May, when many bird species migrate there from their winter homes to breed. Peak dawn chorus times might depend on where you live, Rutter says. For example, April is peak for the southern U.S., but birds in Washington, D.C., will put on the best show in early May. (Alternatively, in the tropics, the dawn chorus can be heard almost any time of year, as many birds have a prolonged breeding season in those warmer climates.)
Why is it a ‘dawn’ chorus?
But why birds sing in the early morning is still “an open question,” says Mike Webster, an ornithologist at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. “There's a lot of debate, and I don't think there's any consensus on exactly why it is that everything happens at dawn."
One hypothesis is that weather conditions at daybreak make it easier for birdsong to travel.
“In general, sound travels farther when the air is cooler and more dense. Sound also transmits more clearly (and very slightly faster) when humidity is higher so that details of the song do not degrade as much over distance,” says Heather Williams, a professor at Williams College who has studied the neuroscience of birdsong. She notes that wind may also impede sound transmission. “At dawn, the cooler air results in decreased winds at ground level, so coupled with the higher humidity, sound carries farther and more clearly, with less distortion.”
Extract from
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/birds-dawn-chorus (Accessed on 14 April 2025.)
TEXT I
Why do birds sing so loudly in the morning in spring? It’s the ‘dawn chorus’
As spring begins, so does a fresh song at daybreak, unique to the season. Just before the sun rises, birds start singing their melodies, creating a chirpy symphony.
This phenomenon is known as the dawn chorus, and it’s special for a number of reasons: There are more birds singing at this time of year, and they also sing more often. This energetic burst of birdsong is often louder than usual too. The dawn chorus’ early morning explosion of sounds has even inspired multiple poems and songs.
“It's the epitome of spring,” says Jordan E. Rutter, an ornithologist at the American Bird Conservancy. After the long and cold winter, “all of a sudden you have this influx of so many beautiful birds coming back and singing.”
This harmony of birdsong at dawn happens during a fundamental time of the year. The dawn chorus is, in fact, mostly composed of birds of both genders singing to find a mate so they can breed (though males may sing more).
“There is such a large increase in quantity of song by individuals and the collective,” Rutter says. “These birds sing louder to literally be heard. They need to compete with each other as well, and the louder the better in regards to who is the most impressive mate.”
During this time, males also sing to assert their dominance and claim their territory. “Those songs are how they communicate to other males of the same species, or even just other birds and predators in general, and say, ‘This is my home,’” says Rutter.
In the United States and Canada, the dawn chorus can be heard roughly from March through May, when many bird species migrate there from their winter homes to breed. Peak dawn chorus times might depend on where you live, Rutter says. For example, April is peak for the southern U.S., but birds in Washington, D.C., will put on the best show in early May. (Alternatively, in the tropics, the dawn chorus can be heard almost any time of year, as many birds have a prolonged breeding season in those warmer climates.)
Why is it a ‘dawn’ chorus?
But why birds sing in the early morning is still “an open question,” says Mike Webster, an ornithologist at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. “There's a lot of debate, and I don't think there's any consensus on exactly why it is that everything happens at dawn."
One hypothesis is that weather conditions at daybreak make it easier for birdsong to travel.
“In general, sound travels farther when the air is cooler and more dense. Sound also transmits more clearly (and very slightly faster) when humidity is higher so that details of the song do not degrade as much over distance,” says Heather Williams, a professor at Williams College who has studied the neuroscience of birdsong. She notes that wind may also impede sound transmission. “At dawn, the cooler air results in decreased winds at ground level, so coupled with the higher humidity, sound carries farther and more clearly, with less distortion.”
Extract from
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/birds-dawn-chorus (Accessed on 14 April 2025.)
(Chico Buarque de Holanda)
Todo dia ela faz tudo sempre igual/ Me sacode às seis horas da manhã/Me sorri um sorriso pontual/E me beija com a boca de hortelã
Olhar 43
(RPM)
Seu corpo é fruto proibido/É a chave de todo pecado e da libido/E prum garoto introvertido como eu/É a pura perdição
É um lago negro o seu olhar/É água turva de beber, se envenenar/Nas suas curvas derrapar, sair da estrada/E morrer no mar (no mar)
Quanto aos termos da oração em negrito, seguindo os fragmentos das músicas “Cotidiano (Chico Buarque de Holanda)” e “Olhar 43 (RPM)”, assinale a alternativa correta quanto à função sintática dos termos destacados.
Cotidiano
(Chico Buarque de Holanda)
Todo dia ela faz tudo sempre igual/ Me sacode às seis horas da manhã/Me sorri um sorriso pontual/E me beija com a boca de hortelã
Olhar 43
(RPM)
Seu corpo é fruto proibido/É a chave de todo pecado e da libido/E prum garoto introvertido como eu/É a pura perdição
É um lago negro o seu olhar/É água turva de beber, se envenenar/Nas suas curvas derrapar, sair da estrada/E morrer no mar (no mar)
Inútil
(Ultraje a rigor)
A gente não sabemos
escolher presidente
a gente não sabemos
tomar conta da gente
a gente não sabemos
nem escovar os dente
tem gringo pensando
que nóis é indigente...
Inútil!
A gente somos inútil!
Inútil!
A gente somos inútil!
A gente faz carro
E não sabe guiar
A gente faz trilho
E não tem trem pra botar
A gente faz filho
E não consegue criar
A gente pede grana
E não consegue pagar
[...]
A gente faz música
E não consegue gravar
A gente escreve livro
E não consegue publicar
A gente escreve peça
E não consegue encenar
A gente joga bola
E não consegue ganhar...
I. Prefiro minha blusa a de Camila;
II. Fomos à Portugal ano passado;
III. Estaremos aqui às cinco da tarde amanhã;
IV. Iremos a casa de João e Márcia hoje;
V. Estou a distância de cinco metros de minha casa.
Marque a alternativa onde todos os vocábulos estão corretamente grafados:
TEXTO II
Sofrimento psíquico em policiais civis: uma questão de gênero
Apesar de concebida pelo senso comum como uma instituição predominantemente masculina, a Polícia Civil do Estado do Rio de Janeiro admite também mulheres entre seus servidores. Em suas atividades diárias, elas relatam enfrentar dificuldades, frustrações e cobranças. Um estudo realizado pelo Centro Latino-americano de Estudos de Violência e Saúde (Claves), vinculado à Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca (Ensp), uma unidade da Fiocruz, questionou 2.746 policiais, dos quais cerca de 19% eram mulheres, e descobriu que elas apresentam mais sofrimento psíquico que seus colegas de trabalho.
"Sofrimento psíquico é um conjunto de condições psicológicas que, apesar de não caracterizar uma doença, gera determinados sinais e sintomas que indicam sofrimento" explica a psicóloga Edinilsa Ramos de Souza, coordenadora do projeto. O problema pode ser causado por diversos fatores, inclusive as condições de trabalho, como falta de instalações adequadas, estresse e falta de preparo para a função. "No dia-a-dia, o policial precisa continuar com o seu trabalho e não pode demonstrar fragilidade", acrescenta. "Isso aumenta o sofrimento e, muitas vezes, faz com que o profissional somatize as questões psicológicas em problemas de saúde, como pressão alta, insônia e dores de cabeça".
(Catarina Chagas)
Fonte: TENÓRIO, J. O avesso da pele. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2020. p. 32-33.
A leitura literária pode atuar como fator de humanização e democratização, contribuindo para a emancipação dos sujeitos e, consequentemente, para a consolidação de uma cultura mais humanista e democrática, o que pode ser visto, por exemplo, no romance “O avesso da pele”.
Sobre essa capacidade da literatura, considere as afirmativas a seguir.
I → As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais e para o Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana devem orientar para o desencadeamento de processo de afirmação de identidades, de historicidade negada ou distorcida.
II → Romances como “O avesso da pele” mostram que, mesmo após mais de um século do fim da escravidão no Brasil, o povo negro ainda é reprimido e perseguido na e pela sociedade brasileira.
III → A inclusão da Literatura Afro-brasileira nas escolas, sua leitura e seu debate, funciona como estratégia para o estabelecimento de um diálogo cultural que pode promover um deslocamento de perspectiva frequentemente necessário para a discussão de temas como alteridade, diversidade cultural, exploração, opressão e racismo.
IV → A Lei Nº 10639/03 garante que se discutam, nas aulas de História, Literatura e Artes, questões de luta do povo negro no Brasil.
Está(ão) correta(s)
Mario de Andrade, no “Prefácio interessantíssimo” de “Pauliceia Desvairada”, por exemplo, escreveu:
“Quando sinto a impulsão lírica escrevo sem pensar tudo o que meu inconsciente me grita. Penso depois: não só para corrigir, como para justificar o que escrevi. Daí a razão deste Prefácio interessantíssimo. (...) Um pouco de teoria? Acredito que o lirismo, nascido no subconsciente, acrisolado num pensamento claro ou confuso, cria frases que são versos inteiros, sem prejuízo de medir tantas sílabas, com acentuação determinada” (ANDRADE apud BOSI, 2013, p. 371).
Fonte: BOSI, A. História concisa da Literatura Brasileira. 49ª ed. São Paulo: Cultrix, 2013.
Sobre a primeira fase do Modernismo brasileiro, assinale V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) em cada afirmativa a seguir.
( ) A Semana de Arte Moderna foi o ponto de encontro das várias tendências artísticas que, desde a I Guerra, vinham se firmando de Norte a Sul no Brasil.
( ) Apesar de a Semana ter ocorrido somente em 1922, entre os anos 1920 e 1921 Mário de Andrade já havia escrito “Pauliceia Desvairada”, primeiro livro de poesia integralmente nova.
( ) O verso livre foi a última conquista do Simbolismo e o primeiro passo do Modernismo. Sendo ele uma unidade rítmico-melódica, o verso livre virá a produzir também um novo modo de dispor o texto.
A sequência correta é
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