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TEXT II
Impact over income: a striking number of gen Zers are becoming teachers
Joseph Curatolo was studying architecture four years ago when he took a summer job, teaching music to middle school students. When he told them he might leave the program to focus on his studies, he said, they burst into tears.
“The fact that I had such an impact on these kids led me to reconsider my career,” said Curatolo, 22. He is now a seventh-and eighth-grade social studies teacher, based in New York City.
Amid a nationwide decline of teaching, Curatolo is not alone: a striking number of gen Z graduates are entering the classroom, despite longstanding concerns over pay and conditions.
Teach For America (TFA), a non-profit education organization, experienced a near 43% increase in its teaching fellows - which TFA refers to as corp members - over the past three years. A generation whose formative years were spent in isolation during the Covid-19 lockdown is “craving human connection and experiences that feel real’, suggested Whitney Petersmeyer, TFA's chief growth and program officer.
Gen Z is “responding to the opportunity for purpose and responsibility at a time where many entry jobs feel uncertain or disconnected from impact’, she added. During periods of economic uncertainty and turbulence, college graduates have been known to turn to industries fields with major shortages, like education.
This generation came of age “in a rapidly changing world,” Randi Weingarten, president of American Teachers Federation, said in a statement, “and that lived experience helps them relate to students in powerful ways.” New arrivals in the classroom are bringing a new perspective, according to Weingarten. “They're reimagining how we teach, bringing new approaches to technology and social-emotional learning.”
Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/education/2026/janf02/gen-z-teachers-profession
Based on the text below, answer the question.
TEXT I
Linguists start compiling first ever complete dictionary of ancient Celtic
It is not likely to be a hefty volume because the vast majority of the material has been lost in the mists of time. But the remnants of a language spoken in parts of the UK and Ireland 2,000 years ago are being collected for what is being billed as the first complete dictionary of ancient Celtic.
Sources for the dictionary will range from Julius Caesar's account of his conquest of parts of northern Europe to ancient memorial stones.
Dr Simon Rodway, a senior lecturer in the department of Welsh and Celtic studies at Aberystwyth, said it was exciting to be involved in compiling the first dictionary of its kind.
He said: “These disparate sources have never before been brought together in a way that offers such an insight into the nature of Celtic languages spoken in these islands at the dawn of the historical period.
“The picture of the linguistic landscape of Britain and Ireland will be of interest not only to linguists but to historians, archaeologists and archaeogeneticists.”
The team compiling the dictionary say that while modern Celtic languages are often different from each other, similarities can be seen between words.
Rodway said: “With the exception of a very small number of inscriptions from Roman Britain in Celtic languages, we're dependent on documents that are written either in Latin or Greek, but which contain names of places, ethnic groups or individuals that we can say are Celtic.
“People have studied, place names before and a few inscriptions but we're going to try and get everything together and see what patterns emerge.”
He said the bulk of the material would come from the Roman period in Britain, from the first to the fourth centuries AD, and from the middle of the second century onwards in Ireland. Another source is inscriptions on stones in places such as Cornwall and Ireland that use the Ogham alphabet, a system of straight lines designed to be carved on to stone, metal, bone or wood.
Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/dec/08/linguists-start-compiling-first-ever-complete-dictionary-of-ancient-celtic
Based on the text below, answer the question.
TEXT I
Linguists start compiling first ever complete dictionary of ancient Celtic
It is not likely to be a hefty volume because the vast majority of the material has been lost in the mists of time. But the remnants of a language spoken in parts of the UK and Ireland 2,000 years ago are being collected for what is being billed as the first complete dictionary of ancient Celtic.
Sources for the dictionary will range from Julius Caesar's account of his conquest of parts of northern Europe to ancient memorial stones.
Dr Simon Rodway, a senior lecturer in the department of Welsh and Celtic studies at Aberystwyth, said it was exciting to be involved in compiling the first dictionary of its kind.
He said: “These disparate sources have never before been brought together in a way that offers such an insight into the nature of Celtic languages spoken in these islands at the dawn of the historical period.
“The picture of the linguistic landscape of Britain and Ireland will be of interest not only to linguists but to historians, archaeologists and archaeogeneticists.”
The team compiling the dictionary say that while modern Celtic languages are often different from each other, similarities can be seen between words.
Rodway said: “With the exception of a very small number of inscriptions from Roman Britain in Celtic languages, we're dependent on documents that are written either in Latin or Greek, but which contain names of places, ethnic groups or individuals that we can say are Celtic.
“People have studied, place names before and a few inscriptions but we're going to try and get everything together and see what patterns emerge.”
He said the bulk of the material would come from the Roman period in Britain, from the first to the fourth centuries AD, and from the middle of the second century onwards in Ireland. Another source is inscriptions on stones in places such as Cornwall and Ireland that use the Ogham alphabet, a system of straight lines designed to be carved on to stone, metal, bone or wood.
Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/dec/08/linguists-start-compiling-first-ever-complete-dictionary-of-ancient-celtic
Based on the text below, answer the question.
TEXT I
Linguists start compiling first ever complete dictionary of ancient Celtic
It is not likely to be a hefty volume because the vast majority of the material has been lost in the mists of time. But the remnants of a language spoken in parts of the UK and Ireland 2,000 years ago are being collected for what is being billed as the first complete dictionary of ancient Celtic.
Sources for the dictionary will range from Julius Caesar's account of his conquest of parts of northern Europe to ancient memorial stones.
Dr Simon Rodway, a senior lecturer in the department of Welsh and Celtic studies at Aberystwyth, said it was exciting to be involved in compiling the first dictionary of its kind.
He said: “These disparate sources have never before been brought together in a way that offers such an insight into the nature of Celtic languages spoken in these islands at the dawn of the historical period.
“The picture of the linguistic landscape of Britain and Ireland will be of interest not only to linguists but to historians, archaeologists and archaeogeneticists.”
The team compiling the dictionary say that while modern Celtic languages are often different from each other, similarities can be seen between words.
Rodway said: “With the exception of a very small number of inscriptions from Roman Britain in Celtic languages, we're dependent on documents that are written either in Latin or Greek, but which contain names of places, ethnic groups or individuals that we can say are Celtic.
“People have studied, place names before and a few inscriptions but we're going to try and get everything together and see what patterns emerge.”
He said the bulk of the material would come from the Roman period in Britain, from the first to the fourth centuries AD, and from the middle of the second century onwards in Ireland. Another source is inscriptions on stones in places such as Cornwall and Ireland that use the Ogham alphabet, a system of straight lines designed to be carved on to stone, metal, bone or wood.
Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/dec/08/linguists-start-compiling-first-ever-complete-dictionary-of-ancient-celtic
“D. João assinou, a 1º de maio de 1808, manifesto declarando guerra à França, considerando nulos todos os tratados que o imperador dos franceses o obrigara a aceitar.” (Silva, 2018, p. 81).
Essa declaração de guerra culminou na primeira ação externa relevante da Marinha no Brasil: a invasão e conquista de Caiena (Guiana Francesa). Com base no Capítulo II da obra Marinha do Brasil: uma síntese histórica, assinale a opção que descreve corretamente essa operação naval e militar.
(BRASIL, Ministério da Educação. Base Nacional Curricular. Brasília: MEC 2018. p. 558)
A partir dessa perspectiva e com base no texto de Bittencourt, Capitalismo e Cidadania nas atuais propostas curriculares de história, assinale a opção que apresenta a visão da autora acerca das finalidades políticas da disciplina História.
(SANTOS, Lorene dos. Ensino de história e cultura africana e afro-brasileira: dilemas e desafios da recepção à Lei 10.639/03. In. PEREIRA. Amilcar Araújo. MONTEIRO, Ana Maria (org.) Ensino de História e Culturas afro-brasileiras e indígenas. Rio de Janeiro. Pallas. 2013. p. 57.)
Com base no texto de Lorene dos Santos apresentado acima, assinale a opção que apresenta a visão da autora em relação às políticas implementadas para reorientação curricular e demanda para constituição de novos saberes e práticas escolares e formação de docentes.
(FAUSTO, Boris. História do Brasil. São Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. p. 186-187)
Assim, assinale a opção que apresenta esse fator.
“As notícias representavam, assim, aquilo que o historiador francês Fernand Braudel chamou de 'mercadoria de luxo' e só apressavam seu passo à custa de tarifas absurdamente elevadas...” (Miceli, 2016, p. 8).
De acordo com o texto, quem eram os detentores desse “luxo” e qual era a realidade da comunicação para a sociedade da época?
(SOUZA, Susana Bleil de. Política, administração e comércio na sociedade colonial hispânica. In: WASSERMAN, Claudia (coord.). História da América Latina: cinco séculos: temas e problemas. Porto Alegre: Editora da Universidade/UFRGS, 1996. p. 87.)
Assim, assinale a opção que apresenta uma característica da administração colonial que corrobora a afirmação citada da autora.
Sobre o Primeiro Reinado do Império do Brasil (1822-1831), tal como analisado por Lilia Moritz Schwarcz e Heloisa M. Starling em Brasil: uma biografia, analise as afirmativas abaixo.
I- O Primeiro Reinado caracterizou-se por forte instabilidade política, na qual a figura de d. Pedro I, ao mesmo tempo “herói da independência” e imperador autoritário, tornou-se foco de dedicação entre diferentes projetos de construção do Estado e da cidadania, o que contribuiu para a sua abdicação em 1831.
ll- A Constituição de 1824, outorgada após a dissolução da Assembleia Constituinte, consolidou um arranjo de poder que combinava a manutenção da unidade territorial com a concentração de autoridade nas mãos do imperador, por meio do Poder Moderador, ao mesmo tempo em que restringia de modo significativo a participação política, por meio de critérios censitários e de exclusão de amplos segmentos da população.
lIl- Durante o Primeiro Reinado, a relação entre o centro (Corte) e as províncias foi marcada por tensões e conflitos, expressões em revoltas e movimentos de contestação, que revelam o caráter negociado e conflituoso da própria independência, mais do que uma simples “ruptura harmônica” com Portugal.
IV- A política externa do Primeiro Reinado foi orientada por uma ruptura completa com os padrões diplomáticos do período joanino, recusando acordos com as potências europeias e os Estados Unidos, o que dificultou o reconhecimento internacional da independência do Brasil ao longo da década de 1820.
V- No quadro mais amplo do processo de independência, as autoras enfatizam que durante o Primeiro Reinado finalmente foi possível consolidar uma cidadania inclusiva, com a incorporação política de ex-escravizados e populações indígenas, o que teria contribuído para reduzir as tensões sociais nas décadas seguintes.
Assinale a opção correta:
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