Questões de Concurso Sobre vocabulário | vocabulary em inglês

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Q2297187
Inglês Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions , Advérbios de: lugar, modo, tempo e freqüência | Adverbs of: place, manner, time and frequency , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: SELECON Órgão: Prefeitura de Campo Verde - MT Prova: SELECON - 2023 - Prefeitura de Campo Verde - MT - Professor - Ensino Fundamental: Língua Inglesa |
Q2297187 Inglês
TEXT:

Mistakes help you learn
Maija Kozlova
May 19, 2021


It is not uncommon for English language lessons to favour communication over accuracy: real life is nothing like a classroom! In real-life situations, when you make a mistake in the language you are learning, context provides ample information as to what the intended message is. In fact, most of the time, impeccable accuracy is not needed at all! “Don’t worry about making mistakes,” I used to tell my English language students. “Communicating is the most important thing!”


While making mistakes when trying to master a language might seem counter-intuitive, letting learners freely communicate and negotiate meaning is key to success. A learner who communicates a lot while making a few mistakes is much more likely to develop confidence for dealing with real-life situations than a learner who communicates very little because they’re afraid of making any. In communicative language teaching, for example, the teacher is tasked with both encouraging the learner to express themselves and with providing corrective feedback in a way that is not obstructive to communication. 


This means that if a learner says, “I go swimming last night,” it is much more effective to respond with, “Oh, that’s nice, you went swimming. What did you do after?” rather than, “No! You went swimming! Use past simple for past events!” – the former encourages the learner to continue their narrative while the latter is much more likely to make the learner stop in their tracks, re-evaluate the context, and think twice before expressing themselves again in the future, for the fear of making a mistake again. Teachers need to be careful not to parrot back everything the students say in this manner, of course, but the technique can be an effective method of acknowledging the content of a student’s response, while also providing feedback on accuracy.


The importance of the freedom to make mistakes in language learning is also supported by research in psychology, which suggests that learners who try a task without having mastered it completely experience improved retention of new information. A similar experiment in the context of language learning also indicates that the process of making mistakes activates a greater network of related knowledge in the brain, which leads to superior learning outcomes.


It is believed that the key to help learners feel relaxed and ready for communicating freely in the classroom is authenticity. This means that there should be both a real communicative need for a learner to speak and the authentic reaction from those around to what the learner has said.


Here are a few ways of how such authentic communicative interactions can be practiced in the classroom: 


• surround learners with the English language – encourage them to speak to you and each other in English;

• don’t worry about diverging from topics that are not strictly covered in your lesson plan;

• model communication by telling your students stories and anecdotes about your own life and encourage them to do the same;

• let your learners have fun with English – give them colloquial expressions to try and ask them to share some expressions

; • do not overcorrect – make a note of errors and cover it in subsequent lessons;

• avoid the temptation to turn what was intended as speaking practice into a full-on grammar lesson.


While easier said than done, especially when the outcome of an exam is at stake, it is worth remembering that people that our learners might come to interact with outside of the classroom are driven by the natural desire to understand the people they communicate with. This is especially powerful when practiced in the context of a classroom. They set the learners up for success in real-life communication. In other words, when communication is the goal, mistakes are secondary, and that’s real life, isn’t it?


Adapted from: https://wwwcambridgeenglish.org/blog/mistakes-help-you-learnfreedom-to-fail-in-games-and-language-learning/
No último parágrafo do texto, a definição correta para o advérbio especially é:
Alternativas
Q2291637
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: FGV Órgão: SEE-MG Prova: FGV - 2023 - SEE-MG - Professor de Educação Básica (PEB) - Língua Inglesa |
Q2291637 Inglês
READ TEXT I AND ANSWER QUESTION

Text I

English Language Learning In Brazil

        According to the BNCC1 , learning English enables students to engage and participate in a globalized and pluralistic world. It allows students to develop a critical mindset and exercise their citizenship rights while expanding the possibilities of interaction and mobility. In this sense, the BNCC outlines three critical implications for the English curriculum. The first is the globalized nature of English, in which the concepts of language, territory and culture are reconsidered since English speakers are no longer found only in countries where English is the official language. The second implication concerns broadening the definition of literacy, bringing the concept of “multi-literacies” to the Brazilian curriculum as students expand their linguistic knowledge, and English becomes a symbolic asset for Brazilians to express themselves in a different language. Finally, the third implication concerns different teaching approaches, which implies embracing the culture and traditions of the language, not only the formal grammatical standards, breaking with aspects related to “correctness”, “accuracy”, and “proficiency”.

        […]

        Even in a challenging context, it is clear that Brazil has made significant progress by approving a new and flexible curriculum for upper secondary schools and putting English mandatory in the standard part of the curriculum. However, major efforts are still required to ensure the smooth implementation of this reform, which the pandemic and the difficulties in coordination across the national and subnational levels have already hindered. 

1BNCC: Base Nacional Comum Curricular

Adapted from: https://www.thedialogue.org/analysis/english-language-learning-inbrazil/

 
In the excerpt “since English speakers are no longer found” (1st paragraph), “since” is used to
Alternativas
Q2281249
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: TBG Provas: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Auditoria e Compliance | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Contábil | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Comercialização | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Inspeção | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Ênfase: Desenvolvimento de Software | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Gestão | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Gestão, Comunicação | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Projetos e Obras, Elétrica | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Manutenção, Mecânica | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Operações | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Gestão, Meio Ambiente | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro de Segurança Júnior | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Projetos e Obras | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Projetos e Obras, Civil | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Integridade de Dutos | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Manutenção |
Q2281249 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)

Based on the vocabulary and linguistic aspects of text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.


Graduate students are people studying for a master’s degree or doctorate.

Alternativas
Q2281248
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: TBG Provas: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Auditoria e Compliance | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Contábil | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Comercialização | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Inspeção | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Ênfase: Desenvolvimento de Software | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Gestão | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Gestão, Comunicação | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Projetos e Obras, Elétrica | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Manutenção, Mecânica | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Operações | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Gestão, Meio Ambiente | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro de Segurança Júnior | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Projetos e Obras | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Projetos e Obras, Civil | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Integridade de Dutos | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Manutenção |
Q2281248 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)

Based on the vocabulary and linguistic aspects of text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.


The word “physicists” means “medical doctors”. 

Alternativas
Q2281247
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: TBG Provas: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Auditoria e Compliance | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Contábil | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Comercialização | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Inspeção | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Ênfase: Desenvolvimento de Software | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Gestão | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Gestão, Comunicação | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Projetos e Obras, Elétrica | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Manutenção, Mecânica | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Operações | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Gestão, Meio Ambiente | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro de Segurança Júnior | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Projetos e Obras | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Projetos e Obras, Civil | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Integridade de Dutos | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Manutenção |
Q2281247 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)

Based on the vocabulary and linguistic aspects of text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.


The word “installment” (first sentence of the first paragraph) means, in the context of text CB1A2-I, “to make it ready to use”.

Alternativas
Q2281246
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: TBG Provas: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Auditoria e Compliance | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Contábil | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Comercialização | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Inspeção | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Ênfase: Desenvolvimento de Software | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Gestão | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Gestão, Comunicação | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Projetos e Obras, Elétrica | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Manutenção, Mecânica | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Operações | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Analista Júnior – Ênfase: Gestão, Meio Ambiente | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro de Segurança Júnior | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Projetos e Obras | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Projetos e Obras, Civil | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Integridade de Dutos | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - TBG - Engenheiro Júnior – Ênfase: Manutenção |
Q2281246 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)

Based on the vocabulary and linguistic aspects of text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.


The word “overshadowed” (first sentence of the second paragraph) means, in the context of text CB1A2-I, “made less noticeable”. 

Alternativas
Q2277957
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: FUVEST Órgão: USP Prova: FUVEST - 2023 - USP - Contador |
Q2277957 Inglês
TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO


'A Spiraling Loopof Feedback':

Worst-Case Scenario for Amazon Rainforest 


     A paper to be published in the Journal Science on January 27 has found that humans have degraded more than one-third of the remaining trees in the Amazon rainforest. This degradation could eventually lead to "a spiraling loop of feedbacks," Jos Barlow, a professor of conservation science at Lancaster University in the U.K. and co-author of the paper, told Newsweek.

    Up to 38 percent of the remaining Amazon has been affected by human actions, researchers from Brazil's University of Campinas (Unicamp), the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), and Lancaster University found.  

   The degradation of this areaequivalent to 5.5 times the size of the state of Californiareleases carbon emissions equivalent to or greater than those from deforestation. 

   The Amazon contributes 16 percent of all the land-based photosynthesis in the world, and strongly regulates global carbon and water cycles, sucking in carbon dioxide and producing oxygen. Additionally, despite only covering around 0.5 percent of the Earth's surface, the Amazon is home to over 10 percent of all named plant and vertebrate species on Earth.

    "Healthy rainforests provide amazing habitat for biodiversitythis is what the Amazon is most famous for," Sally Thompson, an ecohydrologist at The University of Western Australia, told Newsweek. "They usually support clean water in rivers, make it rain, and cool the surrounding area. You can hunt, harvest timber or foods sustainably from healthy and wellmanaged forests. And a healthy forest can often recover from disturbance. Degraded forests aren't as good at doing any of those things, and often they struggle to recover from disturbance."

    Deforestation involves a loss of the forest canopy and a change in land use (e.g., from forest to agriculture or urban land use), while degradation is a process affecting the remaining forests. Degradation essentially means that there is still forest in place but it is not as healthy or as good at providing benefits for the environment or for people. 



THOMSON Jess. 'A Spiraling Loopof Feedbacks': Worst-Case Scenario for Amazon Rainforest. Newsweek (online), 26 jan. 2023 (adaptado).  
Leia a sentença a seguir:

"Up to 38 percent of the remaining Amazon has been affected by human actions, researchers from Brazil's University of Campinas (Unicamp), the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), and Lancaster University found"

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta sentença cujo uso da expressão "up to" é semelhante ao empregado no trecho apresentado.
Alternativas
Q2277905
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Tradução | Translation , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: FUVEST Órgão: USP Prova: FUVEST - 2023 - USP - Analista de Sistemas (Especialidade: Ciência de Dados) |
Q2277905 Inglês
Quantum breakthrough could revolutionise computing


    Computer scientists have been trying to make an effective quantum computer for more than 20 years. Firms such as Google, IBM and Microsoft have developed simple machines. But, according to Prof. Winfried Hensinger, who led the research at Sussex University, the new development paves the way for systems that can solve complex real world problems that the best computers we have today are incapable of.

    "Right now we have quantum computers with very simple microchips,"he said. "What we have achieved here is the ability to realise extremely powerful quantum computers capable of solving some of the most important problems for industries and society."

    Currently, computers solve problems in a simple linear way, one calculation at a time. In the quantum realm, particles can be in two places at the same time and researchers want to harness this property to develop computers that can do multiple calculations all at the same time.

    Quantum particles can also be millions of miles apart and be strangely connected, mirroring each other's actions instantaneously. Again, that could also be used to develop much more powerful computers.

    One stumbling block has been the need to transfer quantum information between chips quickly and reliably: the information degrades, and errors are introduced.

    But Prof. Hensinger's team has made a breakthrough, published in the journal Nature Communications, which may have overcome that obstacle.

     The team developed a system able to transport information from one chip to another with a reliability of 99.999993% at record speeds. That, say the researchers, shows that in principle chips could be slotted together to make a more powerful quantum computer.


GHOSH, Pallab. Quantum breakthrough could revolutionise computing. BBС News (online). 08 Fev. 2023 (adaptado)..
A expressão idiomática "paves the way" (primeiro parágrafo) pode ser traduzida como
Alternativas
Q2277901
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: FUVEST Órgão: USP Prova: FUVEST - 2023 - USP - Analista de Sistemas (Especialidade: Ciência de Dados) |
Q2277901 Inglês

'A Spiraling Loop of Feedbacks':

Worst-Case Scenario for Amazon Rainforest



    A paper to be published in the Journal Science on January 27 has found that humans have degraded more than one-third of the remaining trees in the Amazon rainforest. This degradation could eventually lead to "a spiraling loop of feedbacks," Jos Barlow, a professor of conservation science at Lancaster University in the U.K. and co-author of the paper, told Newsweek.


    Up to 38 percent of the remaining Amazon has been affected by human actions, researchers from Brazil's University of Campinas (Unicamp), the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), and Lancaster University found.


    The degradation of this area-equivalent to 5.5 times the size of the state of California-releases carbon emissions equivalent to or greater than those from deforestation. 


    The Amazon contributes 16 percent of all the land-based photosynthesis in the world, and strongly regulates global carbon and water cycles, sucking in carbon dioxide and producing oxygen. Additionally, despite only covering around 0.5 percent of the Earth's surface, the Amazon is home to over 10 percent of all named plant and vertebrate species on Earth.


    "Healthy rainforests provide amazing habitat for biodiversity-this is what the Amazon is most famous for," Sally Thompson, an ecohydrologist at The University of Western Australia, told Newsweek. "They usually support clean water in rivers, make it rain, and cool the surrounding area. You can hunt, harvest timber or foods sustainably from healthy and well-managed forests. And a healthy forest can often recover from disturbance. Degraded forests aren't as good at doing any of those things, and often they struggle to recover from disturbance." 


    Deforestation involves a loss of the forest canopy and a change in land use (e.g., from forest to agriculture or urban land use), while degradation is a process affecting the remaining forests. Degradation essentially means that there is still forest in place but it is not as healthy or as good at providing benefits for the environment or for people. 



THOMSON, Jess. 'A Spiraling Loop of Feedbacks': Worst-Case Scenario for Amazon Rainforest. Newsweek (online), 26jan. 2023 (adaptado).

Leia a sentença a seguir:

"Up to 38 percent of the remaining Amazon has been affected by human actions, researchers from Brazil's University of Campinas (Unicamp), the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), and Lancaster University found."

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta sentença cujo uso da expressão "up to" é semelhante ao empregado no trecho apresentado.
Alternativas
Q2277755
Inglês Tradução | Translation , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: FUVEST Órgão: USP Prova: FUVEST - 2023 - USP - Analista de Sistemas (Especialidade: Conectividade) |
Q2277755 Inglês
Quantum breakthrough could revolutionise computing


    Computer scientists have been trying to make an effective quantum computer for more than 20 years. Firms such as Google, IBM and Microsoft have developed simple machines. But, according to Prof. Winfried Hensinger, who led the research at Sussex University, the new development paves the way for systems that can solve complex real world problems that the best computers we have today are incapable of. 

    "Right now we have quantum computers with very simple microchips," he said. "What we have achieved here is the ability to realise extremely powerful quantum computers capable of solving some of the most important problems for industries and society." 

    Currently, computers solve problems in a simple linear way, one calculation at a time. In the quantum realm, particles can be in two places at the same time and researchers want to harness this property to develop computers that can do multiple calculations all at the same time.

    Quantum particles can also be millions of miles apart and be strangely connected, mirroring each other's actions instantaneously. Again, that could also be used to develop much more powerful computers.

    One stumbling block has been the need to transfer quantum information between chips quickly and reliably: the information degrades, and errors are introduced.

    But Prof. Hensinger's team has made a breakthrough, published in the journal Nature Communications, which may have overcome that obstacle.

    The team developed a system able to transport information from one chip to another with a reliability of 99.999993% at record speeds. That, say the researchers, shows that in principle chips could be slotted together to make a more powerful quantum computer.


GHOSH, Pallab. Quantum breakthrough could revolutionise computing. BBС News (online).08 Fev. 2023 (adaptado)..
A expressão idiomática "paves the way" (primeiro parágrafo) pode ser traduzida como
Alternativas
Q2277751
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: FUVEST Órgão: USP Prova: FUVEST - 2023 - USP - Analista de Sistemas (Especialidade: Conectividade) |
Q2277751 Inglês
'A Spiraling Loop of Feedbacks': Worst-Case Scenario for Amazon Rainforest


    A paper to be published in the Journal Science on January 27 has found that humans have degraded more than one-third of the remaining trees in the Amazon rainforest. This degradation could eventually lead to "a spiraling loop of feedbacks," Jos Barlow, a professor of conservation science at Lancaster University in the U.K. and co-author of the paper, told Newsweek.

    Up to 38 percent of the remaining Amazon has been affected by human actions, researchers from Brazil's University of Campinas (Unicamp), the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), and Lancaster University found.

    The degradation of this area-equivalent to 5.5 times the size of the state of California-releases carbon emissions equivalent to or greater than those from deforestation.

    The Amazon contributes 16 percent of all the land-based photosynthesis in the world, and strongly regulates global carbon and water cycles, sucking in carbon dioxide and producing oxygen. Additionally, despite only covering around 0.5 percent of the Earth's surface, the Amazon is home to over 10 percent of all named plant and vertebrate species on Earth.

    "Healthy rainforests provide amazing habitat for biodiversity-this is what the Amazon is most famous for," Sally Thompson, an ecohydrologist at The University of Western Australia, told Newsweek. "They usually support clean water in rivers, make it rain, and cool the surrounding area. You can hunt, harvest timber or foods sustainably from healthy and wellmanaged forests. And a healthy forest can often recover from disturbance. Degraded forests aren't as good at doing any of those things, and often they struggle to recover from disturbance."

    Deforestation involves a loss of the forest canopy and a change in land use (e.g.,from forest to agriculture or urban land use), while degradation is a process affecting the remaining forests. Degradation essentially means that there is still forest in place but it is not as healthy or as good at providing benefits for the environment or for people.


THOMSON, Jess. 'A Spiraling Loop of Feedbacks': Worst-Case Scenario for Amazon Rainforest. Newsweek (online), 26 jan. 2023 (adaptado).
Leia a sentença a seguir:

"Up to 38 percent of the remaining Amazon has been affected by human actions, researchers from Brazil's University of Campinas (Unicamp), the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), and Lancaster University found."

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta sentença cujo uso da expressão "up to" é semelhante ao empregado no trecho apresentado.
Alternativas
Q2275207
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: DATAPREV Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - DATAPREV - Auxiliar de Enfermagem do Trabalho |
Q2275207 Inglês
Text CG2A2

    A new study on physical activity that involved more than half a million participants over age 40 found that modest exercise increases life expectancy regardless of weight.
    Contrary to most of the attention given to obesity as the crucial risk factor for health, the study found that an active lifestyle increased life expectancy to a greater extent than a lower body mass index (BMI), in general. In fact, participants who were active but class 1 obese lived an average of 3.1 years longer than those who were at a normal weight but didn’t engage in physical activity. This is in-line with reports from earlier this year that excessive sitting is unhealthy and that reducing excessive sitting to less than 3 hours a day alone can improve longevity by 2.0 years.
    The article states low level of physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity would confer a 1.8-year gain in life expectancy after age 40, compared with no activity. A low level of physical activity is defined as up to 75 minutes of fast walking per week.
    A consequence of this study is that it calls into question the reliance on BMI to assess fitness. That isn’t to suggest that BMI isn’t a factor, but that what we’ve heard for years in the media that being overweight is “bad” for you while exercise is “good” is a flawed message. A better message would be: Regular exercise is essential to longevity and a lower BMI helps too — do the first and the other will likely follow.

Internet:<singularityhub.com>  (adapted).

Concerning grammar and semantics in text CG2A2, judge the following item.



The word “regardless” (in the first paragraph) emphasizes the importance of the element presented after it.

Alternativas
Q2273311
Inglês Tradução | Translation , Verbos | Verbs , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: CPCON Órgão: Prefeitura de Dona Inês - PB Prova: CPCON - 2023 - Prefeitura de Dona Inês - PB - Professor B - Nível - 1 (Licenciatura em Inglês) |
Q2273311 Inglês

TEXT III – Tema: As novas tecnologias na sala de aula de Língua Inglesa

Is Technology Taking Over Classrooms?






(Available from: https://citedatthecrossroads.net/eng101f13/2013/10/27/is-technology-taking-over-classrooms/ Accessed on July 8th , 2023) 


In Text III, the phrasal verb “to take over” means:
Alternativas
Q2264039
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: AMEOSC Órgão: Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC Prova: AMEOSC - 2023 - Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC - Professor de Inglês - Habilitado |
Q2264039 Inglês
CARB LOAD You CAN eat your favourite carbs and still lose weight − thanks to clever hack


(1º§) CRAVING carbs but worried they won't help you hit your weight loss goals? Well, think again - pasta and potatoes don't have to be off the menu, especially thanks to one nifty trick. It all comes down to how you serve and eat them. Instead of piping hot pasta and steaming potatoes, consider letting your carbs cool right down before you eat them. Why? Because cold carbs have a lower glycaemic index.


(2º§) Personal trainer Nick Mitchell, the founder of Ultimate Performance, says: "Foods with a lower glycaemic index can help you lose weight because they make you feel full for longer. "They can also stop the sharp rise and fall of blood sugar levels that result in hunger pangs, which can lead to raiding the cupboard, binge eating and weight gain."


(3º§) Packing your lunch for work? Cook your carbs the night before and eat them cold the next day. Cold pasta or rice salad with lots of veggies, or cold potato salad with creme fraiche rather than mayonnaise, and lots of herbs, are ideal. Some carbs, including beans and potatoes, are also a great source of resistant starch.


(4º§) This kind of starch resists digestion, and acts as a fibre, offering lots of health benefits including providing your gut with prebiotics (great for the good bacteria in your gut). It's also thought it can help reduce inflammation in the body and may help prevent colon/bowel cancer and IBS. Plus, it can help you shed weight too, by helping you feel fuller for longer. Handily, you can boost the resistant starch in your carbs by eating them cold, and this can help you avoid blood sugar spikes too.


(5º§) Carbs often get criticised and sidelined as inherently 'bad', but we really shouldn't demonise them - or food in general. Registered dietitian Megan Hilbert, explains that carbs are essential to our health and wellbeing: "In fact, they are the most important source of energy for our bodies." She says: "They provide fuel for the nervous system, our organs, especially the brain, and muscle tissue.


(6º§) "Carbs have gotten a bad rap over the years but they are important for a ton of functions in the body, like providing a quick source of energy for workouts, fuelling the brain which accounts for 20 per cent of our energy needs, and powering cells in the body to keep us going." So do dodge chips where you can, but when it comes to healthy whole carbs, like brown rice, wholegrains, oats and beans, eat up!

ewweighhthack/esun.co.uk/health/23343505/eat-your-favourite-carbs-lose-weight hack/


Which word from the text can be defined as "favorable or convenient"?
Alternativas
Q2248470
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: OBJETIVA Órgão: Prefeitura de Passo Fundo - RS Prova: OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Passo Fundo - RS - Professor – Inglês |
Q2248470 Inglês

What life in medieval Europe was really like


      A time of innovation, philosophy, and legendary works of art: the realities of the medieval period (500 to 1500 C.E.) in Europe may surprise you. Many know the years before the Renaissance and _________________ that followed as Europe’s “Dark Ages,” a time of backward, slovenly, and brutal people who were technologically primitive and hopelessly superstitious.

     Sure, it would take until the 19th century for the germ theory of disease to overtake the concept of humors and “miasmas” that could damage human health. But the ___________ image of medieval people as slovenly, unwashed, and lacking hygiene is false. In fact, both indoor and outdoor bathing were beloved in Europe. People not only made and used soap at home, but they frequented bathhouses—some public, some private, some merely fronts for brothels.

      A myth persists that during the Middle Ages, the unenlightened believed Earth was flat and worried that ships might even fall off the planet’s edge. That’s patently false: People knew the planet was a sphere as far back as ancient Greece (12th to 9th centuries B.C.), and had relatively complex astronomical and planetary ______________ by the time Christopher Columbus made his voyage to the Americas in 1492.

      The so-called “Dark Ages” is a myth historians have spent years trying to disprove. The myth seems to stem from some authors’ use of “dark” to refer to everything from a 14th-century poet’s complaints about the quality of local literature to a 17th-century historian’s failed attempt to find historical sources from centuries earlier.


(Fonte: National Geographic — adaptado.)
 Check the item that CORRECTLY fills the gaps in the text:
Alternativas
Q2243143
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: OBJETIVA Órgão: Prefeitura de Pinto Bandeira - RS Prova: OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Pinto Bandeira - RS - Professor (Letras/Inglês) |
Q2243143 Inglês

                                       The intrigue behind the Bermuda Triangle


       On a sunny day nearly 80 years ago, five Navy planes took off from their base in Florida on a _________ training mission, known as Flight 19. Neither the planes nor the crew were ever seen again. Thus was a legend born. The Bermuda Triangle is an area roughly bounded by Miami, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico. No one keeps statistics, but in the last century, numerous ships and planes have simply vanished without a trace within the imaginary triangle.

       The disappearances have been attributed to the machinations of enormous sea monsters, giant squid, or extra-terrestrials. Alien abductions, the existence of a mysterious third dimension created by unknown beings, and ocean flatulence—the ocean suddenly spewing great quantities of trapped methane—have all been suggested as culprits.

       The reality, say many, is far more prosaic. They argue that a sometimes treacherous Mother Nature, human error, shoddy __________________ or design, and just plain bad luck can explain the many disappearances.

       "The region is highly traveled and has been a busy crossroads since the early days of European exploration," said John Reilly, a historian with the U.S. Naval Historical Foundation. "To say quite a few ships and airplanes have gone down there is like saying there are an ________ lot of car accidents on the New Jersey Turnpike—surprise, surprise."


(Fonte: National Geographic. — adaptado.)

The underlined word in the 3rd paragraph can be replaced, without loss of meaning, by:
Alternativas
Q2243141
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: OBJETIVA Órgão: Prefeitura de Pinto Bandeira - RS Prova: OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Pinto Bandeira - RS - Professor (Letras/Inglês) |
Q2243141 Inglês

                                       The intrigue behind the Bermuda Triangle


       On a sunny day nearly 80 years ago, five Navy planes took off from their base in Florida on a _________ training mission, known as Flight 19. Neither the planes nor the crew were ever seen again. Thus was a legend born. The Bermuda Triangle is an area roughly bounded by Miami, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico. No one keeps statistics, but in the last century, numerous ships and planes have simply vanished without a trace within the imaginary triangle.

       The disappearances have been attributed to the machinations of enormous sea monsters, giant squid, or extra-terrestrials. Alien abductions, the existence of a mysterious third dimension created by unknown beings, and ocean flatulence—the ocean suddenly spewing great quantities of trapped methane—have all been suggested as culprits.

       The reality, say many, is far more prosaic. They argue that a sometimes treacherous Mother Nature, human error, shoddy __________________ or design, and just plain bad luck can explain the many disappearances.

       "The region is highly traveled and has been a busy crossroads since the early days of European exploration," said John Reilly, a historian with the U.S. Naval Historical Foundation. "To say quite a few ships and airplanes have gone down there is like saying there are an ________ lot of car accidents on the New Jersey Turnpike—surprise, surprise."


(Fonte: National Geographic. — adaptado.)

Check the item that CORRECTLY fills the gaps in the text:
Alternativas
Q2240734
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: FUNDATEC Órgão: Prefeitura de Harmonia - RS Prova: FUNDATEC - 2023 - Prefeitura de Harmonia - RS - Professor de Inglês |
Q2240734 Inglês


Mark the INCORRECT statement about the sentence “It is far easier to start by kneeling on the board than trying to stand upright on it” (l. 17-18).
Alternativas
Q2234104
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: FGV Órgão: Banco do Brasil Prova: FGV - 2023 - Banco do Brasil - Analista Tecnológico |
Q2234104 Inglês

Read Text I and answer the question.


Text I

Why We're Obsessed With the Mind-Blowing ChatGPT AI Chatbot

Stephen Shankland

Feb. 19, 2023 5:00 a.m. PT


   This artificial intelligence bot can answer questions, write essays, summarize documents and write software. But deep down, it doesn't know what's true.

     Even if you aren't into artificial intelligence, it's time to pay attention to ChatGPT, because this one is a big deal.

    The tool, from a power player in artificial intelligence called OpenAI, lets you type natural-language prompts. ChatGPT then offers conversational, if somewhat stilted, responses. The bot remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It derives its answers from huge volumes of information on the internet.

     ChatGPT is a big deal. The tool seems pretty knowledgeable in areas where there's good training data for it to learn from. It's not omniscient or smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound downright authoritative. A few days after its launch, more than a million people were trying out ChatGPT.

     But be careful, OpenAI warns. ChatGPT has all kinds of potential pitfalls, some easy to spot and some more subtle.

     “It's a mistake to be relying on it for anything important right now,” OpenAI Chief Executive Sam Altman tweeted. “We have lots of work to do on robustness and truthfulness.” […]

        What is ChatGPT?

       ChatGPT is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI released in November to show off and test what a very large, powerful AI system can accomplish. You can ask it countless questions and often will get an answer that's useful.

        For example, you can ask it encyclopedia questions like, “Explain Newton's laws of motion.” You can tell it, "Write me a poem," and when it does, say, "Now make it more exciting." You ask it to write a computer program that'll show you all the different ways you can arrange the letters of a word.

       Here's the catch: ChatGPT doesn't exactly know anything. It's an AI that's trained to recognize patterns in vast swaths of text harvested from the internet, then further trained with human assistance to deliver more useful, better dialog. The answers you get may sound plausible and even authoritative, but they might well be entirely wrong, as OpenAI warns.

Adapted from: https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/why-were-all-obsessedwith-the-mind-blowing-chatgpt-ai-chatbot/

In if somewhat stilted (2nd paragraph), the author thinks the responses are rather
Alternativas
Q2234102
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: FGV Órgão: Banco do Brasil Prova: FGV - 2023 - Banco do Brasil - Analista Tecnológico |
Q2234102 Inglês

Read Text I and answer the question.


Text I

Why We're Obsessed With the Mind-Blowing ChatGPT AI Chatbot

Stephen Shankland

Feb. 19, 2023 5:00 a.m. PT


   This artificial intelligence bot can answer questions, write essays, summarize documents and write software. But deep down, it doesn't know what's true.

     Even if you aren't into artificial intelligence, it's time to pay attention to ChatGPT, because this one is a big deal.

    The tool, from a power player in artificial intelligence called OpenAI, lets you type natural-language prompts. ChatGPT then offers conversational, if somewhat stilted, responses. The bot remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It derives its answers from huge volumes of information on the internet.

     ChatGPT is a big deal. The tool seems pretty knowledgeable in areas where there's good training data for it to learn from. It's not omniscient or smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound downright authoritative. A few days after its launch, more than a million people were trying out ChatGPT.

     But be careful, OpenAI warns. ChatGPT has all kinds of potential pitfalls, some easy to spot and some more subtle.

     “It's a mistake to be relying on it for anything important right now,” OpenAI Chief Executive Sam Altman tweeted. “We have lots of work to do on robustness and truthfulness.” […]

        What is ChatGPT?

       ChatGPT is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI released in November to show off and test what a very large, powerful AI system can accomplish. You can ask it countless questions and often will get an answer that's useful.

        For example, you can ask it encyclopedia questions like, “Explain Newton's laws of motion.” You can tell it, "Write me a poem," and when it does, say, "Now make it more exciting." You ask it to write a computer program that'll show you all the different ways you can arrange the letters of a word.

       Here's the catch: ChatGPT doesn't exactly know anything. It's an AI that's trained to recognize patterns in vast swaths of text harvested from the internet, then further trained with human assistance to deliver more useful, better dialog. The answers you get may sound plausible and even authoritative, but they might well be entirely wrong, as OpenAI warns.

Adapted from: https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/why-were-all-obsessedwith-the-mind-blowing-chatgpt-ai-chatbot/

The word yet in It's not omniscient or smart enough to replace all humans yet is similar in meaning to
Alternativas
Respostas
1041: A
1042: A
1043: C
1044: E
1045: E
1046: C
1047: B
1048: E
1049: B
1050: E
1051: B
1052: E
1053: D
1054: C
1055: B
1056: A
1057: A
1058: C
1059: D
1060: A
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