Text 9 

Becoming

Back in the ancestral homeland of Michelle Obama, black women were rarely granted the honorific Miss or Mrs., but were addressed by their first name, or simply as "gal" or "auntie" or worse. This so openly demeaned them that many black women, long after they had left the South, refused to answer if called by their first name. A mother and father in 1970s Texas named their newborn "Miss" so that white people would have no choice but to address their daughter by that title. Black women were meant for the field, or the kitchen, or for use as they saw fit. They were, by definition, not ladies. The very idea of a black woman as first lady of the land, well, that would have been unthinkable.

Disponível em: www.nytimes.com. Acesso em: 28 dez. 2019 (adaptado).

Text 6

“Riding a bicycle wil save you money, create less pollution, make you _______ and let you zip past heavy traffic. Will anything persuade auto owners to hop on a two-wheeler? Absolutely yes, says a new report from Washington’s Worldwatch Institute. In “Taking Bikes Seriously,” senior researcher Gary Gardner shows how cities around the world have increased bike ridership by offering a little encouragement. The city of Copenhagen, _________ , makes 2,300 bicycles available for public use; the $3 rental fee is refunded when the bike is returned. In Lima, Peru, lowincome residents ________ buy bicycles through a special small-loan program. During the 1980s Japan helped bikers by boosting the number of bicycle parking spaces at railway stations about fourfold, to 2.4 million. That strategy _________ both money and land; two bikes can fit into a square meter of parking space, while cars require about 30 sq m each. Bike-friendly policies ______ western Germany have lifted the amount of cycling by 50% since the early 1970s.”

(Source: “Back on the Bike, With a Little Help from the City”, PLANET WATCH, TIME, September 28, 1998, page 12.)

Text 5

TV-Turnoff Week

TV-Turnoff Week is an exciting opportunity for children and adults to experience life without television. For seven days, people across the country and around the world turn off their televisions to find that life can be more rewarding and fulfilling when we do more and watch less.

Television cuts into family time, harms our children’s ability to read and succeed in school, and contributes to unhealthy lifestyles and obesity.
Over 24 million people have participated in TV-Turnoff Week since 1995, including over six million in 2000 alone. Children and adults, rich and poor, black and white — people from every background and all walks of life — take part through schools, churches or community groups, as families or individuals. What they tell us year after year is that life is more enjoyable and less stressful without television. 

TV-Turnoff Week is supported by 70 national organizations including the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics and National Education Association, and the President’s Council of Physical Fitness and Sports.

It’s clear that the impact of TV-Turnoff Week lasts much longer than seven days. Joy thousands of parents, pediatricians and other families by celebrating TV-Turnoff Week next year!

Read the following text and answer the question.

What does a sustainable smartphone look like?

            In a bid to reduce global electronic waste, Fairphone has created a smartphone that owners can repair themselves. What makes its technology so sustainable?

        "This is my phone's camera," says Bas van Abel, holding a small, square component aloft. He has just removed it from his smartphone, using a tiny screwdriver.

        "There's eight components in total which can be removed and replaced," he says, as he meticulously disassembles his entire smartphone, placing the camera alongside his phone battery, USB port, screen and loudspeaker.

        Van Abel is the co-founder of the Dutch social enterprise Fairphone, which claims to have built "the world's most sustainable smartphone". But with a complex product containing rare metals and components from all over the world, just how sustainable can a smartphone be?

        Founded in 2013 in Amsterdam, Fairphone makes Android smartphones which can easily be exchanged, customized and repaired by their owners. By enabling and encouraging people to fix their phones, rather than throwing them away as soon as a component breaks, Fairphone hopes to help reduce electronic waste.

Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20231121-whatdoes-a-sustainable-smartphone-look-like.

                                                                             Read the charge below: 

Disponível em: <https://www.thenation.com/article/society/chat-gptgets-real/>. Acesso em: 13 abr. 2023