Questões de Concurso Sobre vocabulário | vocabulary em inglês

Foram encontradas 3.120 questões

Q4205818 Inglês
Your Brain Could Be Controlling How Sick You Get - And How You Recover

        Hundreds of scientists around the world are looking for ways to treat heart attacks. But few started where Hedva Haykin has: in the brain. Doctor Haykin wants to know whether stimulating a region of the brain involved in positive emotion and motivation can influence how the heart heals.
    
        Late last year, in a small, ____________ microscope room, she pulled out slides from a thin black box, one by one. On them were slices of hearts, no bigger than pumpkin seeds, from mice that had experienced heart attacks. Under a microscope, some of the samples were clearly marred by scars left in the aftermath of the infarction. Others showed mere ____________ of damage visible among streaks of healthy, red-stained cells.
    
        The difference in the hearts’ appearance originated in the brain, Haykin explains. The healthier-looking samples came from mice that had received stimulation of a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Those marked with scars were from unstimulated mice. On the basis of her experiments so far, which have not yet been published, activation of this brain reward centre — called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to trigger immune changes that contribute to the reduction of scar __________.

(Fonte: Scientific American - adaptado.)
Check the alternative that CORRECTLY fills the gaps in the text:
Alternativas
Q4204976 Inglês

TEXT 2



Reading habits among children have changed significantly over the last decade. Many students now spend more time on screens than with printed books. While digital reading platforms can offer convenience and interactive features, they may also reduce concentration and deep comprehension.


Teachers and parents are encouraged to promote balanced reading habits by combining traditional books with digital resources. Creating reading routines at home and in school can help children develop stronger vocabulary, imagination, and critical thinking.


Encouraging reading should not be seen as an obligation alone, but as an opportunity for discovery and pleasure. When students associate reading with positive experiences, they are more likely to become lifelong readers.

The word “encouraged” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to:
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Q4204830 Inglês
Life just might exist on Mars after all


    The red planet may have once been home to an abundance of microbes. New studies suggest it's possible that some hardy microbes managed to survive underground in a frozen state.

    About 3.5 billion years ago, two of the planets that orbited the sun may have had biospheres of similar bulk. One, Earth, evolved in a way that allowed life to flourish and splinter into endless forms most beautiful. Mars, the other world, followed a different path.

    Today the Martian surface is hostile to life as we know it, but as this scientific story goes, Mars may have once hosted a rich abundance of microbes. Residing in the planet’s briny underworld and shielded from the lethal radiation that bathes the surface, these organisms could have grown in nooks and ____________, multiplying until their collective heft rivaled Earth’s cache of life. Called methanogens, Mars’s microbes would have inhaled atmospheric hydrogen and carbon dioxide and exhaled methane gas - and in a twist, they may have turned out to be their own worst enemy.

    Over time, their growing, insatiable appetite would have robbed the Martian atmosphere of hydrogen - a powerful greenhouse gas during the planet’s early days - ultimately casting a deadly freeze over the planet and driving microbial populations into deeper, warmer crannies. How long those burrowing microbes could have survived in the deep is unknown. It’s possible they were only a shortlived flash of life on an otherwise sterile world.

    “Maybe extinction is the cosmic default of life in the universe,” says Boris Sauterey of the Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. “It’s not the process of life ____________ that is limiting; it’s life maintaining itself that is limiting.”

    But perhaps, more than 30 feet beneath the surface and encased in ice, these ancient single-celled organisms achieved a state of dormancy - a sort of cryopreserved slumber, ready to perk up when more life-friendly conditions arise.

    The Martian interior may not be as lifeless as its face. It could host a world of alien organisms that are capable of waiting thousands of years between each turn of their metabolic engines.

    This ____________ may sound farfetched, but recent results from scientists modeling the habitability of ancient Mars and studying the hardiness of microbes in labs and beneath our own planet’s surface all point in the same direction: It’s a long shot, but it’s possible life evolved on Mars and still exists. And scientists may just find signs of that life when meteors barrel into Mars and excavate buried layers of ice, or when new spacecraft arrive to plumb this underground realm.


(Fonte: National Geographic - adaptado.)
In “It could host a world of alien organisms...”, the underlined word can be substituted without loss of meaning by:
Alternativas
Q4204828 Inglês
Life just might exist on Mars after all


    The red planet may have once been home to an abundance of microbes. New studies suggest it's possible that some hardy microbes managed to survive underground in a frozen state.

    About 3.5 billion years ago, two of the planets that orbited the sun may have had biospheres of similar bulk. One, Earth, evolved in a way that allowed life to flourish and splinter into endless forms most beautiful. Mars, the other world, followed a different path.

    Today the Martian surface is hostile to life as we know it, but as this scientific story goes, Mars may have once hosted a rich abundance of microbes. Residing in the planet’s briny underworld and shielded from the lethal radiation that bathes the surface, these organisms could have grown in nooks and ____________, multiplying until their collective heft rivaled Earth’s cache of life. Called methanogens, Mars’s microbes would have inhaled atmospheric hydrogen and carbon dioxide and exhaled methane gas - and in a twist, they may have turned out to be their own worst enemy.

    Over time, their growing, insatiable appetite would have robbed the Martian atmosphere of hydrogen - a powerful greenhouse gas during the planet’s early days - ultimately casting a deadly freeze over the planet and driving microbial populations into deeper, warmer crannies. How long those burrowing microbes could have survived in the deep is unknown. It’s possible they were only a shortlived flash of life on an otherwise sterile world.

    “Maybe extinction is the cosmic default of life in the universe,” says Boris Sauterey of the Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. “It’s not the process of life ____________ that is limiting; it’s life maintaining itself that is limiting.”

    But perhaps, more than 30 feet beneath the surface and encased in ice, these ancient single-celled organisms achieved a state of dormancy - a sort of cryopreserved slumber, ready to perk up when more life-friendly conditions arise.

    The Martian interior may not be as lifeless as its face. It could host a world of alien organisms that are capable of waiting thousands of years between each turn of their metabolic engines.

    This ____________ may sound farfetched, but recent results from scientists modeling the habitability of ancient Mars and studying the hardiness of microbes in labs and beneath our own planet’s surface all point in the same direction: It’s a long shot, but it’s possible life evolved on Mars and still exists. And scientists may just find signs of that life when meteors barrel into Mars and excavate buried layers of ice, or when new spacecraft arrive to plumb this underground realm.


(Fonte: National Geographic - adaptado.)
Check the alternative that CORRECTLY fills the gaps in the text:
Alternativas
Q4203421 Inglês
Read the lyrics below.
I had a bad dream, a scary nightmare I saw a wicked witch and I started to scream She had a black cat, a bat and a rat A broom and a pointed hat It was obscene...
Hey baby, _______________ Gotta' be careful ... ey baby, _______________ If a t’s in the middle, then a nose is gonna twitch...
Adapted from: https://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/homophonessong.php

Which of the following questions best fits the two gaps in the lyrics? 
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Q4203415 Inglês

Read the text below about deepfakes:


Deepfakes are creating havoc across the globe, spreading fake news and pornography, being used to steal identities, exploiting celebrities, scamming ordinary people and even influencing elections. 


Yet a recent worldwide survey found 71% of people have no idea what deepfakes are.


Deepfakes are digital photos, videos or voices of real people that have either been synthetically created or manipulated using artificial intelligence (AI) and can be hard to distinguish from the real thing. 


You’ve probably seen a deepfake video or photo without even realising it. Computer-generated Tom Cruises, Taylor Swifts and Mark Zuckerbergs have been circulating on the internet for several years, but what started as a bit of harmless fun has now become much more serious. 


Earlier this year, a finance worker at a multinational firm in Hong Kong was tricked into paying AUD$39 million to fraudsters who used deepfake technology to impersonate the company’s chief financial officer in a video conference.


(…)

Australia’s Defence Chief Angus Campbell has expressed fears that the world is entering “an era of truth decay,” where misinformation will undermine democracy by sowing discord and distrust. 


Campbell told a defence conference in 2023 that artificial intelligence and deepfakes would “seriously damage public confidence in elected officials” by making it impossible for most people to distinguish fact from fiction.


Source: https://unisa.edu.au/connect/enterprisemagazine/articles/2024/what-are-deepfakes-and-should-we-beworried/ 



Choose the correct alternative based on the text. 

Alternativas
Q4203408 Inglês

Read the following excerpt of a book review:


Machado de Assis is one of Brazil’s most cherished writers. Born in 1839, he was the grandson of freed slaves. ________ was not abolished in Brazil until 1888, when Machado de Assis was already 49 years old, a fact I learned after being _____ surprised by the casual mention of slaves throughout this novel. In spite of his family’s poverty and lack of opportunity for education, Machado de Assis _____ through various bureaucratic positions until finally gaining prominence as a writer and poet. He taught himself French, English, German, and Greek, and eventually founded the Brazilian Academy of Letters. Nevertheless, he has never had a vast following among English-speaking readers, which is a shame.


Dom Casmurro is a simple tale about an aging man named Bento Santiago, who is one day moved to document the story of his life. His life is not all that extraordinary, to be honest. He falls in love with the girl next door, ______ with her and a close family friend to avoid being sent to the seminary, eventually marries and has a son, and then becomes jealous and suspicious. In his old age, where the novel begins, he has taken to living in a reproduction of his ________ home, suggesting a sort of Citizen Kane-type regret (rather, I guess Citizen Kane suggests a type of Dom Casmurrotype regret).


Source: https://cannonballread.com/2023/09/dom-casmurrokimmie/


Choose the option that best completes the gaps in the excerpt: 

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Q4203089 Inglês

Imagem associada para resolução da questão



Available at: https://www.gocomics.com/comics/popular



Read the excerpt from the comic strip:


"You're into some weird stuff, dude."


In this context, which word is the closest synonym to dude?

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Q4203088 Inglês
Read the comic strip:

Imagem associada para resolução da questão

Available: https://www.gocomics.com/comics/popular

In the last panel, the woman says:
"And he always does the least he can do."
What does this statement suggest about the man's behavior?
Alternativas
Q4203076 Inglês
Modern companies rely heavily on technology to store information, communicate with customers, and manage daily operations. Many of these activities depend on computers and mobile devices. In the context of technology, the term software refers to:
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Q4203074 Inglês
Complete the sentence with the appropriate phrasal verb.

After several months of investigation, the scientists finally            the cause of the problem.
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Q4203070 Inglês
hich word has a different vowel sound from the others?
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Q4203069 Inglês
Read the text to answer question.


The World's Carmakers Are Struggling to Compete with China


   Global carmakers are facing a reckoning as US, European and Japanese brands lose ground to Chinese rivals setting the pace not only in electric vehicles, but also in batteries, design and software. The BBC visited factory floors in Beijing and Hefei and found striking levels of automation and software development speed, leaving foreign brands that once dominated the Chinese market struggling to keep up.

   "We have no chance against this," Honda chief executive Toshihiro Mibe told Japanese media after visiting a highly automated factory in Shanghai. Ford chief executive Jim Farley has also warned that Western carmakers are "in a fight for our lives" as Chinese rivals expand globally.

   After decades spent investing in joint ventures with Chinese partners to build vehicles, foreign carmakers are now changing the nature of those partnerships to stay competitive.

   "The biggest mistake that the developed world is making is believing that the transition is only about electric cars," says Shanghaibased auto analyst Bill Russo. "It's about who will lead the next generation of mobility technology."


Source: BBC News, "The world's carmakers are struggling to compete with China". Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g8vg72z430. Accessed on May 27, 2026.

Read the excerpt:



"...leaving foreign brands that once dominated the Chinese market struggling to keep up."



In this context, the phrasal verb "keep up" means:

Alternativas
Q4203068 Inglês
Read the text to answer question.


The World's Carmakers Are Struggling to Compete with China


   Global carmakers are facing a reckoning as US, European and Japanese brands lose ground to Chinese rivals setting the pace not only in electric vehicles, but also in batteries, design and software. The BBC visited factory floors in Beijing and Hefei and found striking levels of automation and software development speed, leaving foreign brands that once dominated the Chinese market struggling to keep up.

   "We have no chance against this," Honda chief executive Toshihiro Mibe told Japanese media after visiting a highly automated factory in Shanghai. Ford chief executive Jim Farley has also warned that Western carmakers are "in a fight for our lives" as Chinese rivals expand globally.

   After decades spent investing in joint ventures with Chinese partners to build vehicles, foreign carmakers are now changing the nature of those partnerships to stay competitive.

   "The biggest mistake that the developed world is making is believing that the transition is only about electric cars," says Shanghaibased auto analyst Bill Russo. "It's about who will lead the next generation of mobility technology."


Source: BBC News, "The world's carmakers are struggling to compete with China". Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g8vg72z430. Accessed on May 27, 2026.
Read the sentence:

"The developed world is making a mistake."

Which word can replace "mistake" without changing the meaning of the sentence?
Alternativas
Q4202064 Inglês

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


    Communicative language competence can be considered as comprising several components: linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic.


    Linguistic competences include lexical, phonological, syntactical knowledge and skills and other dimensions of language as system, independently of the sociolinguistic value of its variations and the pragmatic functions of its realisations.


    Sociolinguistic competences refer to the sociocultural conditions of language use. Through its sensitivity to social conventions (rules of politeness, norms governing relations between generations, sexes, classes and social groups, linguistic codification of certain fundamental rituals in the functioning of a community), the sociolinguistic component strictly affects all language communication between representatives of different cultures, even though participants may often be unaware of its influence.


    Pragmatic competences are concerned with the functional use of linguistic resources (production of language functions, speech acts), drawing on scenarios or scripts of interactional exchanges. It also concerns the mastery of discourse, cohesion and coherence, the identification of text types and forms, irony, and parody. For this component even more than the linguistic component, it is hardly necessary to stress the major impact of interactions and cultural environments in which such abilities are constructed.


(https://www.coe.int/en/web/common-european-framework-

reference-languages. Acesso 17.08.2025. Adaptado)

In the context of the last paragraph, the word which is a false cognate is
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Q4201566 Inglês

Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão.

       

     What is the difference between access point and router?

    The router acts as a hub that sets up a local area network and manages all of the devices and communication in it. An access point, on the other hand, is a sub-device within the local area network that provides another location for devices to connect from and enables more devices to be on the network.


    Wireless routers can function as access points, but not all access points can work as routers. While routers manage local area networks, communicate with outside network systems, acquire, distribute, and dispatch data in multiple directions, establish a point of connectivity, and ensure security, access points typically only provide access to the router’s established network.


(www.ligowave.com/difference-between-access-point-and-

-router#:~:text=Main%20Differences.&text=While%20routers%20manage%20local%20area,to%20the%20router%27s%20established%20network.

Adaptado)

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “a sub-device within the local area network that provides another location for devices to connect from” o termo sublinhado equivale, em português, a
Alternativas
Q4201565 Inglês

Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão.

       

     What is the difference between access point and router?

    The router acts as a hub that sets up a local area network and manages all of the devices and communication in it. An access point, on the other hand, is a sub-device within the local area network that provides another location for devices to connect from and enables more devices to be on the network.


    Wireless routers can function as access points, but not all access points can work as routers. While routers manage local area networks, communicate with outside network systems, acquire, distribute, and dispatch data in multiple directions, establish a point of connectivity, and ensure security, access points typically only provide access to the router’s established network.


(www.ligowave.com/difference-between-access-point-and-

-router#:~:text=Main%20Differences.&text=While%20routers%20manage%20local%20area,to%20the%20router%27s%20established%20network.

Adaptado)

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “An access point, on the other hand, is a sub-device within the local area network”, a expressão em negrito equivale, em português, a
Alternativas
Q4197731 Inglês
Identifique o significado correto do falso cognato (false friend) destacado na frase:
"I didn't realize you were waiting for me." 
Alternativas
Q4197701 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Information Security (InfoSec) defined

Information security, often abbreviated InfoSec, is a set of security procedures and tools that broadly protect sensitive enterprise information from misuse, unauthorized access, disruption, or destruction. InfoSec encompasses physical and environmental security, access control, and cybersecurity. It often includes technologies like cloud access security brokers (CASB), deception tools, endpoint detection and response (EDR), and security testing for DevOps (DevSecOps), among others.

Key elements of information security


InfoSec comprises a range of security tools, solutions, and processes that keep enterprise information secure across devices and locations, helping to protect against cyberattacks or other disruptive events.

•  Application security - Policies, procedures, tools, and best practices enacted to protect applications and their data.w
•  Cloud security - Policies, procedures, tools, and best practices enacted to protect all aspects of the cloud, including systems, data, applications, and infrastructure.
•  Cryptography - An algorithm-based method of securing communication meant to ensure only intended recipients of a specific message can view and decipher it.
•  Disaster recovery - A method to reestablish functional technological systems in the wake of an event like a natural disaster, cyberattack, or another disruptive event.
•  Incident response - An organization’s plan for responding to, remediating, and managing the aftermath of a cyberattack, data breach, or another disruptive event.
•  Infrastructure security - Security that encompasses an organization’s entire technological infrastructure, including both hardware and software systems.
•  Vulnerability management - The process an organization takes to identify, assess, and remediate vulnerabilities in its endpoints, software, and systems.


Three pillars of information security: the CIA triad

Confidentiality, integrity, and availability make up the cornerstones of strong information protection, creating the basis for an enterprise’s security infrastructure. The CIA triad offers these three concepts as guiding principles for implementing an InfoSec plan.


Confidentiality

Privacy is a major component of InfoSec, and organizations should enact measures that allow only authorized users access to information. Data encryption, multi-factor authentication, and data loss prevention are some of the tools enterprises can employ to help ensure data confidentiality.

Integrity

Enterprises must maintain data’s integrity across its entire lifecycle. Enterprises with strong InfoSec will recognize the importance of accurate, reliable data, and permit no unauthorized user to access, alter, or otherwise interfere with it. Tools like file permissions, identity management, and user access controls help ensure data integrity.

Availability

InfoSec involves consistently maintaining physical hardware and regularly completing system upgrades to guarantee that authorized users have dependable, consistent access to data as they need it.


(www.microsoft.com/en-ww/security/business/security-101/ what-is-information-security-infosec#:~:text=Information%20 security%2C%20often%20abbreviated%20(InfoSec,access%2C%20 disruption%2C%20or%20destruction. Adaptado.)

Leia a parte do texto Key elements of information security para responder à questão.


No item “Incident response”, o termo “aftermath” equivale, em português, a

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Q4197253 Inglês
Q48.png (344×181)
Available at: https://www.gocomics.com/bc/2026/05/22

In the sentence "That's nice of him to try to cheer us up like that," the expression “cheer us up" means:
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Respostas
61: D
62: C
63: B
64: B
65: A
66: A
67: E
68: C
69: B
70: A
71: C
72: B
73: D
74: E
75: D
76: D
77: B
78: A
79: E
80: C