Questões de Concurso Sobre vocabulário | vocabulary em inglês

Foram encontradas 3.120 questões

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Q4227862
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP - Professor de Educação Básica II (Língua Estrangeira Moderna - Inglês) |
Q4227862 Inglês

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Canada: Educating in and for climate emergency 


    Climate change is the most urgent crisis facing our planet today. Youth have repeatedly called for action on tackling this crisis, including the implementation of climate change curricula in schools.


    Canadian students are among those demanding improvement to the sparse and inconsistent delivery of climate change education. A study published in 2019 found that only about half of Canada’s ministries of education and about 60 per cent of school divisions in the country had sustainabilityspecific policy, with this understood to include governance, curriculum, facilities, research, and community outreach. When climate change topics are taught, key concepts are often missing such as the scientific consensus that humans are causing climate change, or a focus on impacts or solutions.


    A recent countrywide survey of 4,035 respondents across the country highlighted the consequences of inadequate climate change education in schools. One-third of Canadians failed a 10-question knowledge quiz. Only around half knew greenhouse gases were the main cause of climate change. Few responded correctly that the average temperature has already increased by more than one degree Celsius. Despite their gaps in knowledge, the majority of survey respondents agreed that we are experiencing a climate emergency and that climate change education should be a high priority.


    Ten percent of survey respondents were educators (406 people), and among this group, half said a lack of time is a barrier when attempting to include climate change education within the classroom. In fact, respected international organizations have noted that implementing climate change education in schools cannot continue to fall on the shoulders of overburdened teachers.


    The traditional way of teaching doesn’t work for complex topics like climate change. Teachers need to shift towards student-directed inquiry and active, real-world learning. It’s not enough to simply quote scientific facts, as a focus on “doom and gloom” can intensify eco-anxiety. Best practices for climate change education include the opportunity to take personal and collective action.


(Karen S. Acton. http://theconversation.com, 07.03.2023. Adaptado)

While reading the text, some students ask for the meaning of “shift”, in the last paragraph. You react by telling them to try and understand the word from the context. As you do this, you offer them the opportunity to develop the reading ability named
Alternativas
Q4227856
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP - Professor de Educação Básica II (Língua Estrangeira Moderna - Inglês) |
Q4227856 Inglês

Leia o texto para responder à questão.



Canada: Educating in and for climate emergency 


    Climate change is the most urgent crisis facing our planet today. Youth have repeatedly called for action on tackling this crisis, including the implementation of climate change curricula in schools.


    Canadian students are among those demanding improvement to the sparse and inconsistent delivery of climate change education. A study published in 2019 found that only about half of Canada’s ministries of education and about 60 per cent of school divisions in the country had sustainabilityspecific policy, with this understood to include governance, curriculum, facilities, research, and community outreach. When climate change topics are taught, key concepts are often missing such as the scientific consensus that humans are causing climate change, or a focus on impacts or solutions.


    A recent countrywide survey of 4,035 respondents across the country highlighted the consequences of inadequate climate change education in schools. One-third of Canadians failed a 10-question knowledge quiz. Only around half knew greenhouse gases were the main cause of climate change. Few responded correctly that the average temperature has already increased by more than one degree Celsius. Despite their gaps in knowledge, the majority of survey respondents agreed that we are experiencing a climate emergency and that climate change education should be a high priority.


    Ten percent of survey respondents were educators (406 people), and among this group, half said a lack of time is a barrier when attempting to include climate change education within the classroom. In fact, respected international organizations have noted that implementing climate change education in schools cannot continue to fall on the shoulders of overburdened teachers.


    The traditional way of teaching doesn’t work for complex topics like climate change. Teachers need to shift towards student-directed inquiry and active, real-world learning. It’s not enough to simply quote scientific facts, as a focus on “doom and gloom” can intensify eco-anxiety. Best practices for climate change education include the opportunity to take personal and collective action.


(Karen S. Acton. http://theconversation.com, 07.03.2023. Adaptado)

In the sentence from the first paragraph “Youth have repeatedly called for action on tackling this crisis, including improved climate change education.”, the underlined fragment means that youth, repeatedly, have
Alternativas
Q4227850
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP - Professor de Educação Básica II (Língua Estrangeira Moderna - Inglês) |
Q4227850 Inglês

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


    Assessment is perhaps one of the least understood areas of language teaching and learning. Students may see tests as a threat to their competence because they are afraid they will not perform well. Teachers often do not like to construct tests and are not altogether satisfied with the results when they do.


     A more constructive view of language testing exists when (a) testing is undertood as an opportunity for interaction between teacher and student; (b) students are judged on the basis of the knowledge they have; (c) the criteria for success on the test are clear to students; (d) students receive a grade for their performance on a set of tests representing different testing methods (not just one!); (e) the tests are intended to help students improve their skills; (f) the results are discussed.


    The seminal efforts by Canalle e Swain (1980) to operationalize Hymes’ (1972) communicative competence have provided a relevant set of criteria for describing tests. Tests should be seen as tapping one or more of the four components making up the construct of communicative competence: grammatical, discourse, sociolinguistic and strategic competence.


(Andrew D.Cohen. Second language Assessment. IN: Marianne

Cerce-Murcia(ed). Teaching English as a second or foreign language.

Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle. 2nd edition. 2001. Adaptado)

In the fragment from the first paragraph, “Teachers often do not like to construct tests and are not altogether satisfied with the results”, the underlined word means
Alternativas
Q4227842
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP - Professor de Educação Básica II (Língua Estrangeira Moderna - Inglês) |
Q4227842 Inglês
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    Through practice and experience in an increasingly wide range of communicative contexts and events, learners gradually expand their communicative competence, consisting of grammatical competence, discourse competence, sociocultural competence and strategic competence. All these components are interrelated. An increase in one component interacts with other components to produce a corresponding increase in overall communicative competence.

    Grammatical competence refers to sentence-level grammatical form, the ability to recognize the lexical, morphological, syntactic and phonological feature of a language and to make use of these features to interpret and form words and whole sentences. One demonstrates grammatical competence not by stating a rule but by using a rule in the interpretation, expression or negotiation of meaning.

    Discourse competence is concerned not with isolated words or phrases but with the interconnectedness of a series of utterances, written words and/or phrases to build a text, a meaningful whole. Two familiar concepts to talk about discourse competence are text coherence and cohesion. Text coherence is the relation of all sentences or utterances in a text to a single global proposition. Local connections or structural links between individual sentences provide cohesion. Sociocultural competence extends well beyond linguistic forms and is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry having to do with the social rules of language use.

    Sociocultural competence requires an understanding of the social context where language is used: the roles of the participants, the information they share, and the function of the interation. And although we are far from an adequate description of sociocultural rules of appropriateness, we use them to communicate successfully in many different contexts of situation. Sociocultural competence also includes a willingness to suspend judgement and take into consideration the possibility of cultural differences in convention and use. Thus the importance of the term cultural flexibility or cultural awareness.

    The ‘’ideal native speaker,’’ someone who knows a language perfectly and uses it appropriately in all social interactions, exists in theory only. None of us knows all there is to know of English in its many manifestations, both around the world and in our own backyards. Communicative competence is always relative. The coping strategies we use in unfamiliar contexts, with constraints due to imperfect knowledge of rules or limiting factors in their application such as fatigue or distraction, are represented as strategic competence. With practice and experience, we gain in grammatical, discourse, and socio-cultural competence. The relative importance of strategic competence thus decreases. However, the effective use of coping strategies is important for communicative competence in all contexts and distinguishes highly competent communicators from those who are less so.


(Sandra J. Savignon. Communicative language teaching for the
twenty-first century. IN: Marianne Celce-Murcia. Teaching English as a
second or foreign language. Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle.
3rd edition. 2002. Adaptado)
A word with a silent gh, as in “through” (line 1), is also found in alternative:
Alternativas
Q4227840
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP - Professor de Educação Básica II (Língua Estrangeira Moderna - Inglês) |
Q4227840 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    Through practice and experience in an increasingly wide range of communicative contexts and events, learners gradually expand their communicative competence, consisting of grammatical competence, discourse competence, sociocultural competence and strategic competence. All these components are interrelated. An increase in one component interacts with other components to produce a corresponding increase in overall communicative competence.

    Grammatical competence refers to sentence-level grammatical form, the ability to recognize the lexical, morphological, syntactic and phonological feature of a language and to make use of these features to interpret and form words and whole sentences. One demonstrates grammatical competence not by stating a rule but by using a rule in the interpretation, expression or negotiation of meaning.

    Discourse competence is concerned not with isolated words or phrases but with the interconnectedness of a series of utterances, written words and/or phrases to build a text, a meaningful whole. Two familiar concepts to talk about discourse competence are text coherence and cohesion. Text coherence is the relation of all sentences or utterances in a text to a single global proposition. Local connections or structural links between individual sentences provide cohesion. Sociocultural competence extends well beyond linguistic forms and is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry having to do with the social rules of language use.

    Sociocultural competence requires an understanding of the social context where language is used: the roles of the participants, the information they share, and the function of the interation. And although we are far from an adequate description of sociocultural rules of appropriateness, we use them to communicate successfully in many different contexts of situation. Sociocultural competence also includes a willingness to suspend judgement and take into consideration the possibility of cultural differences in convention and use. Thus the importance of the term cultural flexibility or cultural awareness.

    The ‘’ideal native speaker,’’ someone who knows a language perfectly and uses it appropriately in all social interactions, exists in theory only. None of us knows all there is to know of English in its many manifestations, both around the world and in our own backyards. Communicative competence is always relative. The coping strategies we use in unfamiliar contexts, with constraints due to imperfect knowledge of rules or limiting factors in their application such as fatigue or distraction, are represented as strategic competence. With practice and experience, we gain in grammatical, discourse, and socio-cultural competence. The relative importance of strategic competence thus decreases. However, the effective use of coping strategies is important for communicative competence in all contexts and distinguishes highly competent communicators from those who are less so.


(Sandra J. Savignon. Communicative language teaching for the
twenty-first century. IN: Marianne Celce-Murcia. Teaching English as a
second or foreign language. Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle.
3rd edition. 2002. Adaptado)
At the lexical level, competence includes the recognition and use of longer stretches of language such as the underlined expression in “an interdisciplinary field of inquiry having to do with the social rules of language use”. The same meaning for the expression is found in alternative:
Alternativas
Q4226411
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FUNDATEC Órgão: Prefeitura de Água Doce - SC Prova: FUNDATEC - 2026 - Prefeitura de Água Doce - SC - Professor de Português / Inglês |
Q4226411 Inglês
US heatwave threatens 250th anniversary events and World Cup


By Dharna Noor


Q36_38.png (690×588)
Q36_38_.png (685×97)

(Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/jul/03/heatwave-world-cup-250th-anniversary – text specially adapted for this test).
In the sentence "[...] it will continue to get worse the longer we drag out the inevitable transition to net zero emissions." (l. 41–42), the expression in bold means:
Alternativas
Q4225405
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2022 Banca: EPL Concursos Órgão: Prefeitura de Curitibanos - SC Prova: EPL Concursos - 2022 - Prefeitura de Curitibanos - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa |
Q4225405 Inglês
The writer quotes a grandmother who … 
Alternativas
Q4221002
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: Ápice Consultoria Órgão: Prefeitura de Sobrado - PB Prova: Ápice Consultoria - 2026 - Prefeitura de Sobrado - PB - Professor B - Inglês |
Q4221002 Inglês
Em textos formais de nível acadêmico e jornalístico, o verbo "to underscore" e o adjetivo "pivotal" são amplamente utilizados. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta sinônimos precisos e de alto nível para esses termos, respectivamente: 
Alternativas
Q4219696
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: INSTITUTO AOCP Órgão: Prefeitura de Vitória da Conquista - BA Prova: INSTITUTO AOCP - 2026 - Prefeitura de Vitória da Conquista - BA - Professor Fundamental II - Nível II - Inglês |
Q4219696 Inglês
Underground library in Warsaw metro invites commuters to trade scrolling for stories

In Warsaw’s Targówek district, a metro ride has become more than a daily routine. Now it offers a chance to escape into a story. Thanks to Metroteka, a newly opened subterranean library inside the Kondratowicza M2 metro station, commuters can now trade mindless scrolling for meaningful reading.

The 150-square-meter space is stocked with more than 16,000 books, all available through a fast self-checkout system. Visitors can also borrow laptops, sip complimentary coffee, and unwind in a cozy communal area, all while waiting for their train.

“Our dream is for Metroteka to become an educational and cultural center, and not just a place where you can borrow your books from,” says Grażyna StrzelczakBatkowska, deputy director of the Targówek library.

A modern space that breathes life into books

Metroteka’s design is as inviting as its mission. A lush hydroponic garden wall filled with herbs and flowers gives the underground space a breath of fresh air, literally. Basil, oregano, and other plants grow without soil or sunlight, infusing the library with an unexpected sense of vitality. The bookshelves, shaped like soft, undulating waves, add to the organic feel.

“I always joke that books are not made of glass,” Strzelczak-Batkowska says. “You can just pop in, grab a few, throw them on a self-checkout machine, and that’s it—you’re out on a new adventure.”

Aiming to reverse a national trend

Poland’s reading habits have been in steady decline for years. A 2024 survey by the National Library of Poland found that only 41 percent of respondents had read at least one book in the past year. According to Tomasz Makowski, director of the National Library, the legacy of war has shaped these numbers. During World War II, Poland lost 70 percent of its libraries.

“We had several generations that did not see their parents or grandparents in front of a wall of books,” Makowski says. “Reading is [also] not something associated with adulthood, but with schools, teachers, librarians, and usually mothers reading to children.”

By placing literature in the path of everyday commuters, Metroteka hopes to shift that cultural perception.

An open invitation to all

For Makowski, the location is just as important as the books. “Opening a library in a metro station is like a dream for us,” he says. “Libraries should be beautiful and open; inviting, not intimidating. It’s not a shrine, but a place where you can spend time freely, take part in discussions, public consultations, or meet people.”

In the coming months, Metroteka plans to host author readings, workshops, and classes to further engage the community. Books can be returned either directly to the library or via parcel lockers outside the station, available around the clock.

As commuters pass through Kondratowicza station with coffee in hand and a novel tucked under one arm, Metroteka quietly transforms daily routines into cultural moments. By meeting people where they are, literally underground, the library isn’t just promoting reading. It’s redefining what public space can offer.


Source: https://www.optimistdaily.com/2025/09/underground-libraryin-warsaw-metro-invites-commuters-to-trade-scrolling-for-stories/. Access on May 4th 2026. 
Consider the last part of the article to answer question.

An open invitation to all
For Makowski, the location is just as important as the books. “Opening a library in a metro station is like a dream for us,” he says. “Libraries should be beautiful and open; inviting, not intimidating. It’s not a shrine, but a place where you can spend time freely, take part in discussions, public consultations, or meet people.”
In the coming months, Metroteka plans to host author readings, workshops, and classes to further engage the community. Books can be returned either directly to the library or via parcel lockers outside the station, available around the clock.
As commuters pass through Kondratowicza station with coffee in hand and a novel tucked under one arm, Metroteka quietly transforms daily routines into cultural moments. By meeting people where they are, literally underground, the library isn’t just promoting reading. It’s redefining what public space can offer.

You, an English teacher, decided to use the last part of the article to teach fixed phrases, idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs to your students. After reading the article, you found three good examples to use during your class. Before explaining, you ask your students to guess their meanings. All your students’ guesses can be considered correct in the context of the article, EXCEPT
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Q4219571
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: Instituto Legalle Órgão: Prefeitura de Campestre da Serra - RS Prova: Instituto Legalle - 2026 - Prefeitura de Campestre da Serra - RS - Professor de Letras - Inglês/Espanhol/Literatura |
Q4219571 Inglês
Para responder à questão, leia o texto abaixo.


Examples of Professional Ethics


Professional ethics are principles of professional behavior that are adopted by an individual in their work. To be considered ethics, these must go beyond what is required by laws, regulations and reasonable expectations.


Key examples include:


Accountability

Honesty & Candor

Integrity & Moral

Conduct Confidentiality & Privacy

Respect For Individuals

Transparency

Objectivity

Fairness

Responsibility

Do the Right Thing


Fonte: https://simplicable.com/talent/professional-ethics.
In the expression Honesty & Candor, the word candor MOST nearly suggests:
Alternativas
Q4217997
Inglês Preposições | Prepositions , Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FGV Órgão: NAV Brasil Prova: FGV - 2026 - NAV Brasil - Profissional Técnico de Navegação Aérea - Operador de Torre de Controle |
Q4217997 Inglês
Read Text IV and answer the question that follow it.

TEXT IV

Flights resume in Sao Paulo after brief airspace closure due to technical issue

        SAO PAULO, April 9 (Reuters) - The airspace of Sao Paulo has been reopened following a brief closure on Thursday morning, the Congonhas and Guarulhos airports' operators and the Brazilian Air Force said in separate statements.

        Operators for the local Congonhas Airport and Guarulhos International Airport had said earlier that all landings and takeoffs had been suspended in the city due to what the Congonhas' operator said was an "electrical failure."

        Brazil's Air Force, which is responsible for national air traffic, said the suspension lasted just over half an hour, adding it found a "technical operational issue" as the reason for the incident, without providing further details.

        Guarulhos' operator said the issue did not happen at its airport, the busiest in Latin America.

        As operators rushed to mitigate the impacts, Brazil's civil aviation regulator said it implemented a series of initial measures outlined in its pre-crisis protocol, with the aim of monitoring the consequences of the incident.

Adapted from: https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/sao-paulos-airspacetemporarily-closed-one-airport-cites-electrical-failure-2026-04-09
Due to” in “due to what the Congonhas' operator said” (2nd paragraph) means 
Alternativas
Q4217996
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FGV Órgão: NAV Brasil Prova: FGV - 2026 - NAV Brasil - Profissional Técnico de Navegação Aérea - Operador de Torre de Controle |
Q4217996 Inglês
Read Text IV and answer the question that follow it.

TEXT IV

Flights resume in Sao Paulo after brief airspace closure due to technical issue

        SAO PAULO, April 9 (Reuters) - The airspace of Sao Paulo has been reopened following a brief closure on Thursday morning, the Congonhas and Guarulhos airports' operators and the Brazilian Air Force said in separate statements.

        Operators for the local Congonhas Airport and Guarulhos International Airport had said earlier that all landings and takeoffs had been suspended in the city due to what the Congonhas' operator said was an "electrical failure."

        Brazil's Air Force, which is responsible for national air traffic, said the suspension lasted just over half an hour, adding it found a "technical operational issue" as the reason for the incident, without providing further details.

        Guarulhos' operator said the issue did not happen at its airport, the busiest in Latin America.

        As operators rushed to mitigate the impacts, Brazil's civil aviation regulator said it implemented a series of initial measures outlined in its pre-crisis protocol, with the aim of monitoring the consequences of the incident.

Adapted from: https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/sao-paulos-airspacetemporarily-closed-one-airport-cites-electrical-failure-2026-04-09
The opposite of “earlier” (2nd paragraph) is 
Alternativas
Q4217995
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FGV Órgão: NAV Brasil Prova: FGV - 2026 - NAV Brasil - Profissional Técnico de Navegação Aérea - Operador de Torre de Controle |
Q4217995 Inglês
Read Text IV and answer the question that follow it.

TEXT IV

Flights resume in Sao Paulo after brief airspace closure due to technical issue

        SAO PAULO, April 9 (Reuters) - The airspace of Sao Paulo has been reopened following a brief closure on Thursday morning, the Congonhas and Guarulhos airports' operators and the Brazilian Air Force said in separate statements.

        Operators for the local Congonhas Airport and Guarulhos International Airport had said earlier that all landings and takeoffs had been suspended in the city due to what the Congonhas' operator said was an "electrical failure."

        Brazil's Air Force, which is responsible for national air traffic, said the suspension lasted just over half an hour, adding it found a "technical operational issue" as the reason for the incident, without providing further details.

        Guarulhos' operator said the issue did not happen at its airport, the busiest in Latin America.

        As operators rushed to mitigate the impacts, Brazil's civil aviation regulator said it implemented a series of initial measures outlined in its pre-crisis protocol, with the aim of monitoring the consequences of the incident.

Adapted from: https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/sao-paulos-airspacetemporarily-closed-one-airport-cites-electrical-failure-2026-04-09
In the title, the word “resume” means that flights have been 
Alternativas
Q4217985
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FGV Órgão: NAV Brasil Prova: FGV - 2026 - NAV Brasil - Profissional Técnico de Navegação Aérea - Operador de Torre de Controle |
Q4217985 Inglês

Read text I and answer the  question that follow it.


TEXT I

The Growing Complexity of Airspace

        The aviation industry has witnessed unprecedented growth in recent years. The number of flights, both commercial and private, has surged, resulting in a more congested airspace. This increased traffic volume places immense strain on air traffic controllers, who must manage a complex web of aircraft movements with precision and efficiency.

        Moreover, the integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones) into the airspace adds another layer of complexity. While drones offer various benefits, their unregulated use poses significant risks to commercial aviation. Harmonizing the operations of manned and unmanned aircraft is a major challenge that requires careful consideration and robust regulations.

        Despite advancements in aviation technology, the air traffic control system still relies heavily on outdated infrastructure and systems. Many air traffic control centers operate with aging equipment that is prone to failures and lacks the capacity to handle the increasing volume of traffic. This infrastructure gap can lead to delays, inefficiencies, and safety concerns.

         Furthermore, the integration of new technologies, such as advanced automation and data analytics, has been slow. While these technologies hold the potential to revolutionize air traffic management, their implementation has been hindered by various factors, including cost, interoperability, and cybersecurity concerns.

        Air traffic control is a high-pressure job that demands exceptional focus, decision-making skills, and situational awareness. While air traffic controllers undergo rigorous training, human error remains a significant risk factor. Factors such as fatigue, stress, and workload can contribute to mistakes that have serious consequences. […]

        The increasing reliance on technology in the aviation industry has made it a prime target for cyberattacks. Air traffic control systems are critical infrastructure and must be protected from malicious actors. A successful cyberattack could have catastrophic consequences, including loss of life and economic damage. […]

        Addressing the problems facing air traffic control requires a multi-faceted approach involving collaboration between government agencies, aviation industry stakeholders, and technology providers.


Adapted from https://birminghamjournal.co.uk/ problems-with-air-traffic-control-today/

In the sentence “While air traffic controllers undergo rigorous training, human error remains a significant risk factor.” (5th paragraph), it is implied that humans are 
Alternativas
Q4217981
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FGV Órgão: NAV Brasil Prova: FGV - 2026 - NAV Brasil - Profissional Técnico de Navegação Aérea - Operador de Torre de Controle |
Q4217981 Inglês

Read text I and answer the  question that follow it.


TEXT I

The Growing Complexity of Airspace

        The aviation industry has witnessed unprecedented growth in recent years. The number of flights, both commercial and private, has surged, resulting in a more congested airspace. This increased traffic volume places immense strain on air traffic controllers, who must manage a complex web of aircraft movements with precision and efficiency.

        Moreover, the integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones) into the airspace adds another layer of complexity. While drones offer various benefits, their unregulated use poses significant risks to commercial aviation. Harmonizing the operations of manned and unmanned aircraft is a major challenge that requires careful consideration and robust regulations.

        Despite advancements in aviation technology, the air traffic control system still relies heavily on outdated infrastructure and systems. Many air traffic control centers operate with aging equipment that is prone to failures and lacks the capacity to handle the increasing volume of traffic. This infrastructure gap can lead to delays, inefficiencies, and safety concerns.

         Furthermore, the integration of new technologies, such as advanced automation and data analytics, has been slow. While these technologies hold the potential to revolutionize air traffic management, their implementation has been hindered by various factors, including cost, interoperability, and cybersecurity concerns.

        Air traffic control is a high-pressure job that demands exceptional focus, decision-making skills, and situational awareness. While air traffic controllers undergo rigorous training, human error remains a significant risk factor. Factors such as fatigue, stress, and workload can contribute to mistakes that have serious consequences. […]

        The increasing reliance on technology in the aviation industry has made it a prime target for cyberattacks. Air traffic control systems are critical infrastructure and must be protected from malicious actors. A successful cyberattack could have catastrophic consequences, including loss of life and economic damage. […]

        Addressing the problems facing air traffic control requires a multi-faceted approach involving collaboration between government agencies, aviation industry stakeholders, and technology providers.


Adapted from https://birminghamjournal.co.uk/ problems-with-air-traffic-control-today/

The phrase “aging equipment” (3rd paragraph) qualifies equipment that is becoming 
Alternativas
Q4212058
Inglês Preposições | Prepositions , Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: Máxima Órgão: Prefeitura de Estiva - MG Prova: Máxima - 2023 - Prefeitura de Estiva - MG - Professor de Inglês |
Q4212058 Inglês
Look at the map below and complete the sentence with the correct word. Choose the CORRECT answer. 
11.jpg (276×191)
“The church is _________ the school.” 
Alternativas
Q4208658
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Falso Cognatos | False Cognates ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Máxima Órgão: Prefeitura de Santo Antônio do Grama - MG Prova: Máxima - 2024 - Prefeitura de Santo Antônio do Grama - MG - Professor de Inglês |
Q4208658 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir.


For decades, it seemed that the purpose of our education system was to encourage competition. Schools would award prizes to the most talented student and proudly display their names on bulletin boards. Nowadays, in many institutions, the key word has become "inclusion": no one should be left behind. Resources are channeled into helping the east capable; everyone's work (good or bad) is on the walls; and prize tables are heavily loaded with awards to make sure everyone is awarded a prize for something. Which approach is right?

Attempts to make education more inclusive are frequently criticized. Many point out that once students leave the protective environment of the classroom, they will face the challenges of the working world: what use will false reassurance be then? The purpose of school must be to reveal to people their limitations, so that they can find a vocation that suits them.

In the past, allowing the talented to rise to the top through competition would certainly have been important. In most factories, it was useful to separate the potential managers from the unskilled workforce, and companies relied on finding talented individuals to win business before their competitors did. An ethos of competition also helped countries to compete effectively with other nations as they scrambled for territory, raced to accumulate armaments or even traveled into space ahead of rivals.

But in the 21st century, are we really preparing young people for a world of competition? The academic James F. Moore argues that the days when businesses competed with each other are ending. Moore believes we should talk of "business ecosystems" nowadays. International corporations operate in global networks of suppliers and partners. Sometimes; even rival corporations work together. For example: companies often have to collaborate to define common industry standards.

What's more, hierarchies are disappearing within organizations. Modern companies have a wider range of business functions (public relations, IT, research and development), and so skills. Knowledge and decision-making are spread throughout the organization. In a modern marketing department alone, there are teams for collecting and analyzing a wealth of customer data, designing brands, advertising, etc. Each individual contributes vital skills and must receive equal training. Low-skilled work, by comparison, is increasingly being performed by automated labor; that is, robots.

But it isn't just in businesses that cooperation is becoming the norm. In the past, individuals, colleges, governments, and companies didn't have to collaborate. Now', 'collective impact" is becoming the gold standard. For example, an anti-obesity project called "Shape Up Somerville" managed to significantly bring down the average BMI (body mass index) in the town in just three years, by involving schools, colleges, local businesses, charities, government, and local citizens in a program of collective action. Led by academics, and funded by four agencies. The work involved designing school lunch menus, improving walkways, introducing gym membership packages, and running campaigns amongst the public.

Competition can still be useful. It's stimulating and can help us learn about ourselves. But it should not become a dominant feature of education systems. Those who do not receive investment will find it increasingly hard to fit into the modern world. It really is learning to take part that counts.

Fonte: (Texto retirado do livro Accelerate 2 p. 56.)
Dentre as palavras presentes no texto analisado, aquela que NÃO é cognato é:
Alternativas
Q4208657
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: Máxima Órgão: Prefeitura de Santo Antônio do Grama - MG Prova: Máxima - 2024 - Prefeitura de Santo Antônio do Grama - MG - Professor de Inglês |
Q4208657 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir.


For decades, it seemed that the purpose of our education system was to encourage competition. Schools would award prizes to the most talented student and proudly display their names on bulletin boards. Nowadays, in many institutions, the key word has become "inclusion": no one should be left behind. Resources are channeled into helping the east capable; everyone's work (good or bad) is on the walls; and prize tables are heavily loaded with awards to make sure everyone is awarded a prize for something. Which approach is right?

Attempts to make education more inclusive are frequently criticized. Many point out that once students leave the protective environment of the classroom, they will face the challenges of the working world: what use will false reassurance be then? The purpose of school must be to reveal to people their limitations, so that they can find a vocation that suits them.

In the past, allowing the talented to rise to the top through competition would certainly have been important. In most factories, it was useful to separate the potential managers from the unskilled workforce, and companies relied on finding talented individuals to win business before their competitors did. An ethos of competition also helped countries to compete effectively with other nations as they scrambled for territory, raced to accumulate armaments or even traveled into space ahead of rivals.

But in the 21st century, are we really preparing young people for a world of competition? The academic James F. Moore argues that the days when businesses competed with each other are ending. Moore believes we should talk of "business ecosystems" nowadays. International corporations operate in global networks of suppliers and partners. Sometimes; even rival corporations work together. For example: companies often have to collaborate to define common industry standards.

What's more, hierarchies are disappearing within organizations. Modern companies have a wider range of business functions (public relations, IT, research and development), and so skills. Knowledge and decision-making are spread throughout the organization. In a modern marketing department alone, there are teams for collecting and analyzing a wealth of customer data, designing brands, advertising, etc. Each individual contributes vital skills and must receive equal training. Low-skilled work, by comparison, is increasingly being performed by automated labor; that is, robots.

But it isn't just in businesses that cooperation is becoming the norm. In the past, individuals, colleges, governments, and companies didn't have to collaborate. Now', 'collective impact" is becoming the gold standard. For example, an anti-obesity project called "Shape Up Somerville" managed to significantly bring down the average BMI (body mass index) in the town in just three years, by involving schools, colleges, local businesses, charities, government, and local citizens in a program of collective action. Led by academics, and funded by four agencies. The work involved designing school lunch menus, improving walkways, introducing gym membership packages, and running campaigns amongst the public.

Competition can still be useful. It's stimulating and can help us learn about ourselves. But it should not become a dominant feature of education systems. Those who do not receive investment will find it increasingly hard to fit into the modern world. It really is learning to take part that counts.

Fonte: (Texto retirado do livro Accelerate 2 p. 56.)
A palavra "argues" pode ser substituída por diferentes termos sem perder o sentido, EXCETO por:
"The academic James F. Moore argues that the days when businesses competed with each other are ending." 
Alternativas
Q4207516
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2026 Banca: FUNDATEC Órgão: Prefeitura de Nova Candelária - RS Prova: FUNDATEC - 2026 - Prefeitura de Nova Candelária - RS - Professor Área II - Ensino Fundamental Séries Finais - Português e Inglês |
Q4207516 Inglês
The First Edition of Emily Brontë’s ‘Wuthering Heights’
By Ellen Wexler
 

 (Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/the-first-edition-of-emily-brontes wuthering-heights-contained-incorrect-page-numbers-missing-punctuation-and-three-misspellings-of the-word-heights-180989005/ – text specially adapted for this test). 
In the sentence “Newby hoped to capitalize on the popularity of Jane Eyre” (l. 27), “capitalize on” means:
Alternativas
Q4205820
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: OBJETIVA Órgão: Prefeitura de Butiá - RS Prova: OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Butiá - RS - Professor Língua Inglesa |
Q4205820 Inglês
Your Brain Could Be Controlling How Sick You Get - And How You Recover

        Hundreds of scientists around the world are looking for ways to treat heart attacks. But few started where Hedva Haykin has: in the brain. Doctor Haykin wants to know whether stimulating a region of the brain involved in positive emotion and motivation can influence how the heart heals.
    
        Late last year, in a small, ____________ microscope room, she pulled out slides from a thin black box, one by one. On them were slices of hearts, no bigger than pumpkin seeds, from mice that had experienced heart attacks. Under a microscope, some of the samples were clearly marred by scars left in the aftermath of the infarction. Others showed mere ____________ of damage visible among streaks of healthy, red-stained cells.
    
        The difference in the hearts’ appearance originated in the brain, Haykin explains. The healthier-looking samples came from mice that had received stimulation of a brain area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Those marked with scars were from unstimulated mice. On the basis of her experiments so far, which have not yet been published, activation of this brain reward centre — called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to trigger immune changes that contribute to the reduction of scar __________.

(Fonte: Scientific American - adaptado.)
In “Doctor Haykin wants to know whether stimulating a region of the brain involved in positive emotion and motivation can influence how the heart heals”, the underlined word can be substituted without loss of meaning by:
Alternativas
Respostas
41: B
42: B
43: A
44: B
45: A
46: A
47: E
48: C
49: D
50: A
51: C
52: B
53: B
54: A
55: D
56: A
57: C
58: A
59: D
60: C
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