Questões de Concurso Sobre vocabulário | vocabulary em inglês

Foram encontradas 3.120 questões

Q4242891 Inglês

Instruction: answer the question based on the following text.



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The options below could replace the word elsewhere (l. 23) with no significative changes in the meaning of the sentence, EXCEPT for: 
Alternativas
Q4242183 Inglês

Os false cognates, (false friends), constituem um dos principais desafios para aprendizes de Língua Inglesa, pois apresentam semelhança gráfica com palavras da Língua Portuguesa, mas possuem significados diferentes.


Considerando-se o contexto de cada sentença, assinale a alternativa em que a palavra sublinhada está, corretamente, interpretada.

Alternativas
Ano: 2023 Banca: IADES Órgão: SEE-DF Prova: IADES - 2023 - SEE-DF - Professor - LEM/Inglês |
Q4242009 Inglês



SCHNEIDER, Katy. The Pandemic Skip. The Cut. September 14th , 2023. https://www.thecut.com/article/post-covid-pandemic-age-essay. [adapted]



Based on the text, judge the following item.

The word “attendant” (line 12), in this case, is a noun. 
Alternativas
Ano: 2023 Banca: IADES Órgão: SEE-DF Prova: IADES - 2023 - SEE-DF - Professor - LEM/Inglês |
Q4242008 Inglês



SCHNEIDER, Katy. The Pandemic Skip. The Cut. September 14th , 2023. https://www.thecut.com/article/post-covid-pandemic-age-essay. [adapted]



Based on the text, judge the following item.

The word “permissible” (line 9) is the same as “allowable” or “permitted”.
Alternativas
Ano: 2023 Banca: IADES Órgão: SEE-DF Prova: IADES - 2023 - SEE-DF - Professor - LEM/Inglês |
Q4242007 Inglês



SCHNEIDER, Katy. The Pandemic Skip. The Cut. September 14th , 2023. https://www.thecut.com/article/post-covid-pandemic-age-essay. [adapted]



Based on the text, judge the following item.

“Out of sync” (line 6) could be correctly replaced by “equally” without changing the meaning.
Alternativas
Ano: 2023 Banca: IADES Órgão: SEE-DF Prova: IADES - 2023 - SEE-DF - Professor - LEM/Inglês |
Q4242006 Inglês



SCHNEIDER, Katy. The Pandemic Skip. The Cut. September 14th , 2023. https://www.thecut.com/article/post-covid-pandemic-age-essay. [adapted]



Based on the text, judge the following item.

The word “skip” (line 5) means the same as “struggle”.
Alternativas
Ano: 2023 Banca: IADES Órgão: SEE-DF Prova: IADES - 2023 - SEE-DF - Professor - LEM/Inglês |
Q4242004 Inglês



Interest in George Orwell and his dystopian fiction is high. The Economist. August 4th 2023. https://www.economist.com/culture/2023/08/04/interest-in-george-orwelland-his-dystopian-fiction-is-high



Based on the text and considering phonological aspects of the English language, judge the following item.

“In the spotlight” (line 12) means that someone is receiving a lot of attention. 
Alternativas
Ano: 2023 Banca: IADES Órgão: SEE-DF Prova: IADES - 2023 - SEE-DF - Professor - LEM/Inglês |
Q4241989 Inglês



JORDÁN, Miguel Ángel. Jane Austen never wed, but she knew how to play the marriage game. National Geographic. November 17th, 2022. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/janeausten-never-wed-but-she-knew-the-rules-of-the-marriage-game. [adapted]



Based on the text, judge the following item.

The adjective “insightful” (line 6) could be correctly replaced by “exceptional” without changing the meaning.
Alternativas
Ano: 2023 Banca: IADES Órgão: SEE-DF Prova: IADES - 2023 - SEE-DF - Professor - LEM/Inglês |
Q4241986 Inglês




MONACO, Emily. Gladstone's: The UK's only residential library. BBC. 22nd October 2023. https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20231022- gladstones-the-uks-only-residential-library. [adapted]



Based on the text, judge the following item. 

The fragment “bills itself” (line 11) means to require some payment for something.
Alternativas
Ano: 2023 Banca: IADES Órgão: SEE-DF Prova: IADES - 2023 - SEE-DF - Professor - LEM/Inglês |
Q4241979 Inglês



BALDWIN,James. The Creative Process. In: The Price ofthe Ticket – Collected Nonfiction 1948–1985.New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985. [adapted]



Based on the text, judge the following item.

“Taking some things for granted” (lines 13 and 14) means to fully understand something.
Alternativas
Ano: 2023 Banca: IADES Órgão: SEE-DF Prova: IADES - 2023 - SEE-DF - Professor - LEM/Inglês |
Q4241977 Inglês



BALDWIN,James. The Creative Process. In: The Price ofthe Ticket – Collected Nonfiction 1948–1985.New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985. [adapted]



Based on the text, judge the following item.

The opposite of the adjective “rigorous” (line 3) is “lenient”.
Alternativas
Q4241029 Inglês
Sex Pollution

        Sex pollution is a concept found in cultural anthropology - specifically in the work of lrzlary Douglas.

         In her book Purity and Danger, she examined some of the different ways modern and more primitive peoples determine what is clean and unclean.

        Douglas explain ed that "dirt is essentially disorder." When we clean something, we are "positively reordering our environment, making it conform to an idea."

        When something or someone is determined to be dirty, it has been contaminated by a thing from a different category. Until it is cleaned or purified, it is partially out of order.

       In Douglas's words, "rituals of purity and impurity create unity in experience." What is out of order becomes alien, dissonant, and suspect, making everyone else uncomfortable.

            Sexual pollution occurs when the sexes interact in a way that blurs or ofÍends boundaries between males and females, arrd disorder is created between the sexes.

         In the case of men, it is usually believed that sexual pollution weakens virility and diminishes their masculine power.

        Some readers may be familiar with the primitive practice of constructing "menstrual huts" that separate menstruating women from men. Tribes that engaged in this practice viewed menstruating women as impure or tainted in some way, and believed that their feminine impurity could infect or pollute the masculine energy of the tribe's men - ultimately weakening them and making the tribe as a whole more vulnerable.

         Menstrual huts are a simple example of a practice dealing with the concept of sex pollution. There are a wide variety of other ways that cultures have sought to contain female energy to maintain an ordered separation of male and female sexual identity.

         Symbolically speaking, masculine identity always represents the creation of distance and separation from the feminine, the safety oÍ the nurturing mother, and a protected womb-like existence. Virility is established and maintained by venturing away from the world of women and out into the wild, dangerous world of the men who contend with danger and uncertainty at the edge of the cultural perimeter and beyond. Establishing a masculine identity always means establishing that men are not women through the creation or revelation of contrast between the sexes.

Fonte: https://www jack-donovan.com/sowilo /2024 /07 /06/beyond -theman-cave-sex-pollution and-the-retreat of-men-from-the-arts/
Mary Douglas's work explores the boundaries between categories. With this in mind, match the columns by associating the grammatical and lexical units as they are structured in the text's arguments:

Column 1:
(1) Essential.
(2) Unity in.
(3) Rituals of
Column 2:
( ) experience
( ) disorder.
( ) impurity.

Which alternative CORRECTLY fills in the parentheses above, from top to bottom?
Alternativas
Q4240826 Inglês
WEIGH HEY I'm a dietitian - here's 4 physical signs you need to eat MORE carbs


(1º§) Many trendy weight loss diets encourage cutting out carbs, claiming it's the secret to dropping pounds. Both the keto and Atkins diet say to instead focus ___ eating protein and fats.


(2º§) As the body has less carbs to use for energy, it burns body fat instead. But a dietician would say this is the wrong way to approach healthy eating, and potentially dangerous.


(3º§) The body turns to stored fat when there is a lack of carbohydrate, but it also eats away at protein tissue such as in the heart or muscle, The Britician Association of UK Dieticians says.


(4º§) Each food group - carbs, proteins and fats - is important for physical health. Carbs provide fibre to keep bowels moving and prevent disease. They fuel the brain and body. Without carbs, you may get a headache, constipation, bad breath or nausea. Starchy foods, the main source of carbs, should make up a third ___ your daily diet, the NHS says.


(5º§) The BDA says: "We get energy from carbohydrates, protein, fat and alcohol in our diet. "Any extra (unneeded) energy we take in will be converted to fat no matter what the source. "Sometimes people think starchy foods are fattening however, the same amount (in weight) of carbohydrate contains less than half the calories of fat. "Studies have also shown carbohydrates are better at satisfying our hunger."


(6º§) Nichola Ludlam-Raine, a registered dietitian, told Insider there is "no good reason to remove carbs from your diet". She said: "Low-carb diets have been popular for a number of years, even decades now, but reducing your carbohydrate intake can come with a cost."


(7º§) Here are four signs you need to up your carb intake: Carbs are the body's main source of fuel, so if you reduce your carb intake significantly, you'll likely notice a depletion of your energy levels, too, Ludlam-Raine said. "Our body can use other sources of fuel (such as fat), although carbohydrates are able to provide a more rapid source of energy to enable us to function optimally, both cognitively and physically," she said.


(8º§) The primary source of energy in the brain is glucose, which comes from eating delicious carbs. It can rely on other stores, such as ketones. On the keto diet, the body turns fat into ketones in the liver, which can supply the brain. But this isn't a sustainable source of brain power, said Ludlam-Raine. Symptoms of brain fog can include moodiness, irritability and difficulty concentrating.


(9º§) Ludlam-Raine said: "Consuming carbs alongside protein helps to support the production of tryptophan, which is then converted into serotonin, also known as the happy hormone." Ludlam-Raine said the body stores carbohydrates as glycogen ___ the liver and muscles. Glycogen is the main source of energy when you do exercise, and when it's depleted, you feel fatigued. It's no wonder that on a low carb diet, you can feel too tired to go to the gym - which isn't beneficial for overall health.


(10º§) Mikle Molloy, a sports-nutrition coach, said in a worst case scenario of "exercise flu" you'll feel out of it, with a headache and muscle aches, and just want to lie on the ground. Carbs aren't just needed pre-workout, but post-workout too.


(11º§) Once the glycogen stores hit rock bottom, they need replenishing, Ludlam-Raine said. "It's recommended to consume carbohydrates alongside protein to support recovery and enable you to feel at your best before your next workout," she said.


(12º§) Feeling achy, sluggish or low in energy when you go to the gym may signal poor recovery. Some carbs are healthier options than others. Potato is best when baked, mashed or boiled as opposed to fried.


(13º§) We all know brown bread is better for us than white - but do you know why? Wholegrain, wholemeal and brown breads are more fibrous and contain B vitamins, vitamin E, fibre and a wide range of minerals.


(14º§) The same goes for pasta - try and eat wholewheat or whole grain options. Grains, such as couscous, oatmeal, brown rice and barley, are also important sources of starchy carbohydrates. Fruit and vegetables also contain carbohydrates. Ludlam-Raine recommended getting your carbs mostly from whole grains (such as brown bread and pasta), fruits, and vegetables.



https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/news-health/19109904/physical-signs-you-needeat-more-carbs/
Considering the context of the sentence, choose the alternative that does have a synonym to the word "intake" (6º§).
Alternativas
Q4237501 Inglês
Deaths in France surged 30% during hottest week of record June heatwave

                                                                                                                                                      By Jon Henley 

q_36 i e p.png (679×437)

(Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jul/03/deaths-france-surged-hottest-week-recordheatwave-june – text specially adapted for this test). 
Mark the alternative in which the verb “hit” is used with the same meaning as in the sentence “the record-breaking heatwave that hit much of Europe last month […]” (l. 02). 
Alternativas
Q4229159 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


Peru's Nazca lines were paths for prehistoric culture: Japanese researchers


Tokyo, 16 Jan (EFE).- The mysteries shrouding Peru's Nazca Lines have intrigued scientists for decades. Now, a group of Japanese researchers has developed a new theory that the geoglyphs etched into the ground served as paths and routes. The lines forged into myriad figures of animals and plants straddle an area of 1,000 square kilometers of the immense Ica desert in southern Peru. They were created during the Nazca culture, a pre-Columbian archaeological culture that flourished between the 1st and 7th centuries BC. A research team led by Masato Sakai, of the University of Yamagata in western Japan, has discovered, with the help of local archaeologists, aerial images and drones, over 350 new etchings since 2004. Sakai says there are two types of geoglyphs, linear motifs that were created by removing the upper black stones to reveal the white earth underneath and raised lines that give the pictorial representations depth and that archeologists call relief lines. «The linear ones exist at the beginning and end of straight paths and can be used to travel from one valley to another (...) while the relief ones are on the sides of paths that are not straight and are usually etched on a slope,» the expert says. The meaning of the lines has long been up for debate. Some say they represented an astronomical calendar, others considered they were religious figures and some have even suggested that they serve as landing pads for UFOs. «I'm interested in letters,» Sakai says. «Everyone uses alphabets, but in Andean civilization, they didn't have that way of communicating, so I wanted to discover how they did (communicate).» 


The researcher is convinced that the Nazca lines were used as a means of prehistoric communication


Despite their antiquity, the geoglyphs were not discovered until 1930 because these could only be appreciated with an aerial view or from some of the site's surrounding hills. The team of Japanese researchers started the project using satellite and aerial photos, and more recently using drones, and have now identified hundreds of figures, including a spider, a monkey, a hummingbird, a condor, a pelican, a gull, a snail, a whale, a snake and a llama. The team struck a deal with tech giant IBM in 2019 and have tapped into state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) that could help reveal the location of more figures and help with deciphering their meaning. «It is always a hypothesis, but we hope that with AI we can check whether theories are correct or suggest better ones that coincide with the new data,» the expert adds. Finding all the figures, which according to the expert could be in the thousands, is key to their conservation from both the weather and mining and agriculture which is prevalent in the region. «For the people of Nazca, the geoglyphs are a source of pride because the city is not very big, but many people come to see the figures. When we find new ones, we share the information with the local people because we know that they will respect and defend them, because it is the work of their ancestors» Sakai says. EFE


https://efe.com/other-news/2023-01-16/nazca-lines/
Read the excerpt below:

"The lines forged into myriad figures of animals and plants straddle an area of 1,000 square kilometers of the immense Ica desert in southern Peru."

In this context, the verb "straddle" indicates that the figures:
Alternativas
Q4229152 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


Peru's Nazca lines were paths for prehistoric culture: Japanese researchers


Tokyo, 16 Jan (EFE).- The mysteries shrouding Peru's Nazca Lines have intrigued scientists for decades. Now, a group of Japanese researchers has developed a new theory that the geoglyphs etched into the ground served as paths and routes. The lines forged into myriad figures of animals and plants straddle an area of 1,000 square kilometers of the immense Ica desert in southern Peru. They were created during the Nazca culture, a pre-Columbian archaeological culture that flourished between the 1st and 7th centuries BC. A research team led by Masato Sakai, of the University of Yamagata in western Japan, has discovered, with the help of local archaeologists, aerial images and drones, over 350 new etchings since 2004. Sakai says there are two types of geoglyphs, linear motifs that were created by removing the upper black stones to reveal the white earth underneath and raised lines that give the pictorial representations depth and that archeologists call relief lines. «The linear ones exist at the beginning and end of straight paths and can be used to travel from one valley to another (...) while the relief ones are on the sides of paths that are not straight and are usually etched on a slope,» the expert says. The meaning of the lines has long been up for debate. Some say they represented an astronomical calendar, others considered they were religious figures and some have even suggested that they serve as landing pads for UFOs. «I'm interested in letters,» Sakai says. «Everyone uses alphabets, but in Andean civilization, they didn't have that way of communicating, so I wanted to discover how they did (communicate).» 


The researcher is convinced that the Nazca lines were used as a means of prehistoric communication


Despite their antiquity, the geoglyphs were not discovered until 1930 because these could only be appreciated with an aerial view or from some of the site's surrounding hills. The team of Japanese researchers started the project using satellite and aerial photos, and more recently using drones, and have now identified hundreds of figures, including a spider, a monkey, a hummingbird, a condor, a pelican, a gull, a snail, a whale, a snake and a llama. The team struck a deal with tech giant IBM in 2019 and have tapped into state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) that could help reveal the location of more figures and help with deciphering their meaning. «It is always a hypothesis, but we hope that with AI we can check whether theories are correct or suggest better ones that coincide with the new data,» the expert adds. Finding all the figures, which according to the expert could be in the thousands, is key to their conservation from both the weather and mining and agriculture which is prevalent in the region. «For the people of Nazca, the geoglyphs are a source of pride because the city is not very big, but many people come to see the figures. When we find new ones, we share the information with the local people because we know that they will respect and defend them, because it is the work of their ancestors» Sakai says. EFE


https://efe.com/other-news/2023-01-16/nazca-lines/
Read the sentence below:

"The team struck a deal with tech giant IBM in 2019 and have tapped into state-of-the-art artificial intelligence that could help reveal the location of more figures."

In the sentence, the expressions "struck a deal" and "tapped into" indicate, respectively: 
Alternativas
Q4228263 Inglês
Here's why Friday the 13th scares us


    Jane Risen, a behavioral scientist at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, has found that superstitions can influence even nonbelievers. In one 2016 study, Risen found that people who identify as superstitious and non-superstitious both believe a bad outcome is more likely when they've been jinxed. For example, they worry that stating they definitely won't get into a car accident will make it more likely to happen.
    “Generally speaking, I find that this occurs because the bad outcome springs to mind and is imagined more clearly following the jinx,” she explains. “People use the ease of imagining something as a cue to its likelihood.”
     _____________, Risen's research also suggests that performing rituals that ward off bad luck can have surprising results. In a 2014 study, she found that some people use them even when they don't actively believe, and when tested, both types of people reported benefits from such acts.
      It's difficult to pin down the origins and evolution of a superstition. But Stuart Vyse, an author and former _____________ of psychology at Connecticut College in New London, told National Geographic in 2014 that our fear of Friday the 13th may be rooted in religious beliefs surrounding the 13th guest at the Last Supper—Judas, the apostle said to have betrayed Jesus—and the ______________ of Jesus on a Friday, which was known as hangman's day. The combination of those factors produced a "sort of double whammy of 13 falling on an already nervous day," Vyse explained.


(Fonte: National Geographic - adaptado.)
In “This large house is for sale”, the underlined word can be substituted without loss of meaning by:
Alternativas
Q4228258 Inglês
Here's why Friday the 13th scares us


    Jane Risen, a behavioral scientist at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, has found that superstitions can influence even nonbelievers. In one 2016 study, Risen found that people who identify as superstitious and non-superstitious both believe a bad outcome is more likely when they've been jinxed. For example, they worry that stating they definitely won't get into a car accident will make it more likely to happen.
    “Generally speaking, I find that this occurs because the bad outcome springs to mind and is imagined more clearly following the jinx,” she explains. “People use the ease of imagining something as a cue to its likelihood.”
     _____________, Risen's research also suggests that performing rituals that ward off bad luck can have surprising results. In a 2014 study, she found that some people use them even when they don't actively believe, and when tested, both types of people reported benefits from such acts.
      It's difficult to pin down the origins and evolution of a superstition. But Stuart Vyse, an author and former _____________ of psychology at Connecticut College in New London, told National Geographic in 2014 that our fear of Friday the 13th may be rooted in religious beliefs surrounding the 13th guest at the Last Supper—Judas, the apostle said to have betrayed Jesus—and the ______________ of Jesus on a Friday, which was known as hangman's day. The combination of those factors produced a "sort of double whammy of 13 falling on an already nervous day," Vyse explained.


(Fonte: National Geographic - adaptado.)
Check the alternative that CORRECTLY fills the gaps in the text:
Alternativas
Q4228257 Inglês
Here's why Friday the 13th scares us


    Jane Risen, a behavioral scientist at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, has found that superstitions can influence even nonbelievers. In one 2016 study, Risen found that people who identify as superstitious and non-superstitious both believe a bad outcome is more likely when they've been jinxed. For example, they worry that stating they definitely won't get into a car accident will make it more likely to happen.
    “Generally speaking, I find that this occurs because the bad outcome springs to mind and is imagined more clearly following the jinx,” she explains. “People use the ease of imagining something as a cue to its likelihood.”
     _____________, Risen's research also suggests that performing rituals that ward off bad luck can have surprising results. In a 2014 study, she found that some people use them even when they don't actively believe, and when tested, both types of people reported benefits from such acts.
      It's difficult to pin down the origins and evolution of a superstition. But Stuart Vyse, an author and former _____________ of psychology at Connecticut College in New London, told National Geographic in 2014 that our fear of Friday the 13th may be rooted in religious beliefs surrounding the 13th guest at the Last Supper—Judas, the apostle said to have betrayed Jesus—and the ______________ of Jesus on a Friday, which was known as hangman's day. The combination of those factors produced a "sort of double whammy of 13 falling on an already nervous day," Vyse explained.


(Fonte: National Geographic - adaptado.)
 In “They worry that stating they definitely won't get into a car accident will make it more likely to happen”, the underlined word can be substituted without loss of meaning by:
Alternativas
Q4227863 Inglês

Leia o texto para responder à questão.



Canada: Educating in and for climate emergency 


    Climate change is the most urgent crisis facing our planet today. Youth have repeatedly called for action on tackling this crisis, including the implementation of climate change curricula in schools.


    Canadian students are among those demanding improvement to the sparse and inconsistent delivery of climate change education. A study published in 2019 found that only about half of Canada’s ministries of education and about 60 per cent of school divisions in the country had sustainabilityspecific policy, with this understood to include governance, curriculum, facilities, research, and community outreach. When climate change topics are taught, key concepts are often missing such as the scientific consensus that humans are causing climate change, or a focus on impacts or solutions.


    A recent countrywide survey of 4,035 respondents across the country highlighted the consequences of inadequate climate change education in schools. One-third of Canadians failed a 10-question knowledge quiz. Only around half knew greenhouse gases were the main cause of climate change. Few responded correctly that the average temperature has already increased by more than one degree Celsius. Despite their gaps in knowledge, the majority of survey respondents agreed that we are experiencing a climate emergency and that climate change education should be a high priority.


    Ten percent of survey respondents were educators (406 people), and among this group, half said a lack of time is a barrier when attempting to include climate change education within the classroom. In fact, respected international organizations have noted that implementing climate change education in schools cannot continue to fall on the shoulders of overburdened teachers.


    The traditional way of teaching doesn’t work for complex topics like climate change. Teachers need to shift towards student-directed inquiry and active, real-world learning. It’s not enough to simply quote scientific facts, as a focus on “doom and gloom” can intensify eco-anxiety. Best practices for climate change education include the opportunity to take personal and collective action.


(Karen S. Acton. http://theconversation.com, 07.03.2023. Adaptado)

In the fragment of the last paragraph “Teachers need to shift towards student-directed inquiry and active, real-world learning”, the word “shift” means
Alternativas
Respostas
21: D
22: B
23: E
24: C
25: E
26: E
27: C
28: E
29: E
30: E
31: C
32: A
33: C
34: B
35: B
36: A
37: C
38: A
39: C
40: D