Questões de Concurso Sobre sinônimos | synonyms em inglês

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Q3393768
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de Tremembé - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2025 - Prefeitura de Tremembé - SP - Professor da Educação Básica II - Inglês |
Q3393768 Inglês
Read the following extract to answer question.


    A friend of mine who is an orchestral conductor was asking me (early in our acquaintance) about what I did for a living. When I told him that apart from other activities, I wrote books about how to teach English he said ‘Books in the plural? Surely once you’ve written one, there’s nothing more to say!’ I wanted to reply that he had just argued himself out of a job (I mean, how many performances of Beethoven symphonies have there been in the twenty-first century alone?), but someone else laughed at his question, another musician made a different comment, the conversation moved on, and so Martin-the-conductor’s flippant enquiry evaporated in the convivial atmosphere of a British pub.


    But his question was a good one. Surely we know how to teach languages? After all, people have been doing it successfully for two thousand years or more, and some aspects of teaching in the past have probably not changed that much. But other things have, and continue to change. Which is (I suppose) why every time I re-examine past assumptions about teaching, I find myself questioning and reinterpreting things I thought were fixed. And of course, I am not alone in this. We all do it all the time – or at least we do if we haven’t closed our minds off from the possibility of change and renewal.


   Language teaching, perhaps more than many other activities, reflects the times it takes place in. Language is about communication, after all, and perhaps that is why philosophies and techniques for learning languages seem to develop and change in tune with the societies which give rise to them. Teaching and learning are very human activities; they are social just as much as they are (in our case) linguistic.


    But it’s not just society that changes and evolves. The last decades have seen what feels like unprecedented technological change. The Internet has seen to that, and other educational technology has not lagged behind. And it’s exciting stuff. I’ve tried to reflect that excitement and newness in parts of this new edition.


(Jeremy Harmer, How to teach English. Adaptado)
In the sentence from the last paragraph “The last decades have seen what feels like unprecedented technological change.”, the word in bold can be replaced, without meaning change, by
Alternativas
Q3393015
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: OBJETIVA Órgão: Prefeitura de Barão - RS Prova: OBJETIVA - 2025 - Prefeitura de Barão - RS - Professor – Língua Inglesa |
Q3393015 Inglês
    Hypatia (born c. 355 CE—died March 415, Alexandria) was a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who lived in a very turbulent era in Alexandria’s history. She is the earliest female mathematician of whose life and work reasonably detailed knowledge exists. Hypatia was the daughter of Theon of Alexandria, himself a mathematician and astronomer and the last attested member of the Alexandrian Museum. Hypatia continued his program, which was essentially a determined effort to preserve the Greek mathematical and astronomical heritage in (1) extremely difficult times. She is credited with commentaries on geometry, number theory, as well as an (2) astronomical table. These works, the only ones she is listed as having written, have been lost, although there have been attempts to (3) reconstruct aspects of them. She was, in her time, the world’s leading mathematician and astronomer, the only woman for (4) whom such claim can be made.
    She was also a popular teacher and lecturer on philosophical topics of a less-specialist nature, attracting many loyal students and large audiences. Her philosophy was Neoplatonist and was thus seen as “pagan” at a time of bitter religious conflict between Christians (both orthodox and “heretical”), Jews, and pagans. Her philosophy also led her to embrace a life of dedicated virginity. The climate of tolerance lapsed, and shortly afterward Hypatia became the victim of a particularly brutal murder at the hands of a gang of Christian zealots.
    The affair made Hypatia a powerful feminist symbol and a figure of affirmation for intellectual endeavor in the face of ignorant prejudice. Her intellectual accomplishments alone were quite ______ to merit the preservation and respect of her name, but, sadly, the manner of her death added to it an even greater emphasis.

Source: Encyclopedia Britannica. Adapted.
The words underlined below can be substituted, in order, while maintaining their original meaning, by:

The climate of tolerance lapsed, and shortly afterward Hypatia became the victim of a particularly brutal murder at the hands of a gang of Christian zealots. The affair made Hypatia a powerful feminist symbol and a figure of affirmation for intellectual endeavor in the face of ignorant prejudice.
Alternativas
Q3371437
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: IBADE Órgão: Prefeitura de Rolim de Moura - RO Prova: IBADE - 2025 - Prefeitura de Rolim de Moura - RO - Professor de Letras (Inglês - 20 Horas) |
Q3371437 Inglês

TEXT I


Why do birds sing so loudly in the morning in spring? It’s the ‘dawn chorus’ 


As spring begins, so does a fresh song at daybreak, unique to the season. Just before the sun rises, birds start singing their melodies, creating a chirpy symphony.


This phenomenon is known as the dawn chorus, and it’s special for a number of reasons: There are more birds singing at this time of year, and they also sing more often. This energetic burst of birdsong is often louder than usual too. The dawn chorus’ early morning explosion of sounds has even inspired multiple poems and songs.


“It's the epitome of spring,” says Jordan E. Rutter, an ornithologist at the American Bird Conservancy. After the long and cold winter, “all of a sudden you have this influx of so many beautiful birds coming back and singing.”


This harmony of birdsong at dawn happens during a fundamental time of the year. The dawn chorus is, in fact, mostly composed of birds of both genders singing to find a mate so they can breed (though males may sing more).


“There is such a large increase in quantity of song by individuals and the collective,” Rutter says. “These birds sing louder to literally be heard. They need to compete with each other as well, and the louder the better in regards to who is the most impressive mate.”


During this time, males also sing to assert their dominance and claim their territory. “Those songs are how they communicate to other males of the same species, or even just other birds and predators in general, and say, ‘This is my home,’” says Rutter.


In the United States and Canada, the dawn chorus can be heard roughly from March through May, when many bird species migrate there from their winter homes to breed. Peak dawn chorus times might depend on where you live, Rutter says. For example, April is peak for the southern U.S., but birds in Washington, D.C., will put on the best show in early May. (Alternatively, in the tropics, the dawn chorus can be heard almost any time of year, as many birds have a prolonged breeding season in those warmer climates.)


Why is it a ‘dawn’ chorus?


But why birds sing in the early morning is still “an open question,” says Mike Webster, an ornithologist at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. “There's a lot of debate, and I don't think there's any consensus on exactly why it is that everything happens at dawn."


One hypothesis is that weather conditions at daybreak make it easier for birdsong to travel.


“In general, sound travels farther when the air is cooler and more dense. Sound also transmits more clearly (and very slightly faster) when humidity is higher so that details of the song do not degrade as much over distance,” says Heather Williams, a professor at Williams College who has studied the neuroscience of birdsong. She notes that wind may also impede sound transmission. “At dawn, the cooler air results in decreased winds at ground level, so coupled with the higher humidity, sound carries farther and more clearly, with less distortion.”


Extract from 



https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/birds-dawn-chorus (Accessed on 14 April 2025.)

In line 8, the words more often mean:
Alternativas
Q3370928
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: IBADE Órgão: Prefeitura de Rolim de Moura - RO Prova: IBADE - 2025 - Prefeitura de Rolim de Moura - RO - Professor de Inglês |
Q3370928 Inglês

TEXT I


Why do birds sing so loudly in the morning in spring? It’s the ‘dawn chorus’ 


As spring begins, so does a fresh song at daybreak, unique to the season. Just before the sun rises, birds start singing their melodies, creating a chirpy symphony.


This phenomenon is known as the dawn chorus, and it’s special for a number of reasons: There are more birds singing at this time of year, and they also sing more often. This energetic burst of birdsong is often louder than usual too. The dawn chorus’ early morning explosion of sounds has even inspired multiple poems and songs.


“It's the epitome of spring,” says Jordan E. Rutter, an ornithologist at the American Bird Conservancy. After the long and cold winter, “all of a sudden you have this influx of so many beautiful birds coming back and singing.”


This harmony of birdsong at dawn happens during a fundamental time of the year. The dawn chorus is, in fact, mostly composed of birds of both genders singing to find a mate so they can breed (though males may sing more).


“There is such a large increase in quantity of song by individuals and the collective,” Rutter says. “These birds sing louder to literally be heard. They need to compete with each other as well, and the louder the better in regards to who is the most impressive mate.”


During this time, males also sing to assert their dominance and claim their territory. “Those songs are how they communicate to other males of the same species, or even just other birds and predators in general, and say, ‘This is my home,’” says Rutter.


In the United States and Canada, the dawn chorus can be heard roughly from March through May, when many bird species migrate there from their winter homes to breed. Peak dawn chorus times might depend on where you live, Rutter says. For example, April is peak for the southern U.S., but birds in Washington, D.C., will put on the best show in early May. (Alternatively, in the tropics, the dawn chorus can be heard almost any time of year, as many birds have a prolonged breeding season in those warmer climates.)


Why is it a ‘dawn’ chorus?


But why birds sing in the early morning is still “an open question,” says Mike Webster, an ornithologist at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. “There's a lot of debate, and I don't think there's any consensus on exactly why it is that everything happens at dawn."


One hypothesis is that weather conditions at daybreak make it easier for birdsong to travel.


“In general, sound travels farther when the air is cooler and more dense. Sound also transmits more clearly (and very slightly faster) when humidity is higher so that details of the song do not degrade as much over distance,” says Heather Williams, a professor at Williams College who has studied the neuroscience of birdsong. She notes that wind may also impede sound transmission. “At dawn, the cooler air results in decreased winds at ground level, so coupled with the higher humidity, sound carries farther and more clearly, with less distortion.”


Extract from 



https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/birds-dawn-chorus (Accessed on 14 April 2025.)

The expression all of a sudden can be best replaced by:
Alternativas
Q3369483
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Prefeitura de Bombinhas - SC Órgão: Prefeitura de Bombinhas - SC Prova: Prefeitura de Bombinhas - SC - 2025 - Prefeitura de Bombinhas - SC - Professor de Ensino Fundamental II - Inglês |
Q3369483 Inglês

Select the option that presents the synonym for the word "leap":

Alternativas
Q3340695
Inglês Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: UNIVESP Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - UNIVESP - Supervisor Pedagógico - Área de Atuação 7: Letras, Linguística e Áreas de Língua Inglesa |
Q3340695 Inglês

Text 7A1-II


Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,

And sorry I could not travel both

And be one traveler, long I stood

And looked down one as far as I could

To where it bent in the undergrowth;



Then took the other, as just as fair,

And having perhaps the better claim,

Because it was grassy and wanted wear;

Though as for that the passing there

Had worn them really about the same,



And both that morning equally lay

In leaves no step had trodden black.

Oh, I kept the first for another day!

Yet knowing how way leads on to way,

I doubted if I should ever come back. 



I shall be telling this with a sigh

Somewhere ages and ages hence:

Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—

I took the one less traveled by,

And that has made all the difference. 



Robert Frost. The Road Not Taken. 1916 (adapted).  

Considering text 7A1-II, choose the option that offers an appropriate synonym for “diverged” (first verse).  

Alternativas
Q3331741
Inglês Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: SEDUC-SP Prova: VUNESP - 2025 - SEDUC-SP - Professor de Educação Básica II - Inglês |
Q3331741 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


          Francois Gouin wanted to learn German, and decided that a year in Germany would be just the thing. At the time of his trip to Germany, you would have found a rather well-prepared, confident Francois Gouin who, despite his young age, is already a gifted Latin and Greek professor.

      With language learning already part of his career, he is encouraged by his advisors at the College of Caen (Normandy, France) to follow his pursuit of German and deepen his studies at the University of Berlin. Excited with his prospects, Gouin takes his determination and suitcases, and sets off for Hamburg.

     Once in beautiful Hamburg, with its countless shops and bustling academic centers, Gouin unpacks his suitcases, and immediately begins his language journey. He spends the first 10 days in seclusion studying in his room. With him, he has a grammar book and a dictionary. He believes languages are learned using “the classical process”, a process he says he used for mastering Latin and Greek. To Gouin, the classical process is the study of language through “an acquaintance of its forms.” In other words, to learn a language, he feels it best to faithfully study grammar and vocabulary!

      After ten days of seclusion, he feels supremely confident, and is anxious to try out his skills. To experiment with his new knowledge, he decides to visit some university classes. Any guesses how that went? Well, Gouin is in for a surprise. Here are his own words: “But alas! In vain did I strain my ears; in vain my eye strove to interpret the slightest movements of the lips of the professor; in vain I passed from the first classroom to a second; not a word, not a single word would penetrate to my understanding.”


(Shane Dixon. The language learner guidebook: powerful tools to help you conquer any language. [S.l.]: Wayzgoose, 2018.)
In the fragment from the first paragraph “Francois Gouin who, despite his young age, is already a gifted Latin and Greek professor”, the word in bold means the same as
Alternativas
Q3331727
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: SEDUC-SP Prova: VUNESP - 2025 - SEDUC-SP - Professor de Educação Básica II - Inglês |
Q3331727 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


     Inside the classroom, some learners seem to take advantage of what is going on more than others. Aware of this, teachers will frequently say that successful students possess some or all of the following characteristics.


1. A willingness to listen: good learners listen to what is going on – not just in the sense of paying attention, but also in terms of really listening to the English that is being used, soaking it up with eagerness and intelligence.

2. A willingness to try new things: many good learners are not afraid to ‘have a go’. They are prepared to try things out and see how it works. Of course, not all successful language learners are extroverts, but the urge to use the language (loudly or quietly) is an important one.

3. A willingness to think about how to learn: good learners bring or invent their own study skills when they come to a lesson. They think about the best way to memorize vocabulary, the best way to read a text (slowly, translating every word? Or quickly, trying to get a general understanding?), the best method of drafting and re-drafting a piece of writing.

4. A willingness to ask questions: although some teachers can become irritated by students who are constantly asking difficult (and sometimes irrelevant) questions, the urge to find out why is part of a successful learner’s equipment.

5. A willingness to accept correction: good learners are prepared to accept corrections if it helps them. They are keen to get feedback from the teacher and act upon what they are told. But this only works where teachers are able to offer constructive criticism. It involves teachers in judging their students’ responses to correction so that they can act accordingly.


(Jeremy Harmer. How to teach English, 1998. Adaptado)
No último parágrafo, ao descrever reações a correções e feedback, o autor do texto afirma que bons aprendizes “act upon what they are told”. No contexto, a expressão em negrito pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por
Alternativas
Q3309389
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: AEB Provas: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - AEB - Analista em Ciência e Tecnologia Júnior – Especialidade: Qualquer Área de Formação | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - AEB - Tecnologista Júnior – Especialidade: Desenvolvimento Tecnológico | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - AEB - Tecnologista Júnior – Especialidade: Tecnologia da Informação |
Q3309389 Inglês
Text CB1A2


    Spending time in space and having an unrivalled view of planet Earth is an experience many of us dream of, but the human body evolved to function in the gravity of Earth. So fully recovering from spending time in the weightlessness of space can take years.  

    “It’s a fact that space is by far the most extreme environment that humans have ever encountered and we’ve just not evolved to handle the extreme conditions,” Professor Damian Bailey, who studies human physiology, says. To begin with, the heart and blood vessels have an easier time as they no longer have to pump blood against gravity — and they start to weaken. And the bones become weaker and more brittle. There should be a balance between the cells breaking down old bone and those making new, but that balance is disrupted without the feedback and resistance of working against gravity. “Every month, about 1% of bones and muscles are going to wither away — it’s accelerated ageing,” Professor Bailey says. 

    Microgravity also distorts the vestibular system, which is how you balance and sense which way is up. In space, there is no up, down or sideways. It can be disorientating when you go up — and again when you return to Earth.


James Gallagher. What nine months in space does to the human body.
Internet: <bbc.com> (adapted). 
About the vocabulary used in the second paragraph of text CB1A2, it is correct to affirm that “brittle” (third sentence) and ‘wither away’ (last sentence) 
Alternativas
Q3309009
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Verbos | Verbs , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: AEB Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - AEB - Analista em Ciência e Tecnologia Júnior – Especialidade: Cooperação Internacional |
Q3309009 Inglês
Text 1A4-II


   The pursuit of space exploration represents one of the most captivating undertakings of the human race, serving as a testament to our inherent drive to comprehend the cosmos and our position within it. As humanity expands its reach beyond the confines of Earth, the intricate and essential relationship between technology and law grows increasingly intricate and indispensable.

   The rapid progress of technology has ushered us into an era when endeavours in outer space, previously confined to the realm of science fiction, are now becoming tangible and feasible. The present circumstances require a comprehensive legal structure encompassing the existing range of space endeavours and the flexibility to accommodate dynamic technological advancements. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 set the foundational legal principles governing space exploration activities. However, as humanity continues to explore space and private companies participate alongside sovereign nations, the intersection of technology and law serves as both a catalyst for progress and a cause of disagreement.


Bansi Kaneria; Shivam Pandey. Interplay Between Technology and Law in Space Exploration. In: IOSR Journal of Environmental Science Toxicology and Food Technology, 2024, 18 (03): 31-46 (adapted). 
In the second paragraph of text 1A4-II, the expression “has ushered” 
Alternativas
Q3309007
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: AEB Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - AEB - Analista em Ciência e Tecnologia Júnior – Especialidade: Cooperação Internacional |
Q3309007 Inglês
Text 1A4-II


   The pursuit of space exploration represents one of the most captivating undertakings of the human race, serving as a testament to our inherent drive to comprehend the cosmos and our position within it. As humanity expands its reach beyond the confines of Earth, the intricate and essential relationship between technology and law grows increasingly intricate and indispensable.

   The rapid progress of technology has ushered us into an era when endeavours in outer space, previously confined to the realm of science fiction, are now becoming tangible and feasible. The present circumstances require a comprehensive legal structure encompassing the existing range of space endeavours and the flexibility to accommodate dynamic technological advancements. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 set the foundational legal principles governing space exploration activities. However, as humanity continues to explore space and private companies participate alongside sovereign nations, the intersection of technology and law serves as both a catalyst for progress and a cause of disagreement.


Bansi Kaneria; Shivam Pandey. Interplay Between Technology and Law in Space Exploration. In: IOSR Journal of Environmental Science Toxicology and Food Technology, 2024, 18 (03): 31-46 (adapted). 
The expression “a comprehensive legal structure” (second sentence of the second paragraph) could be correctly replaced, maintaining the original meaning of text 1A4-II, with  
Alternativas
Q3309005
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: AEB Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - AEB - Analista em Ciência e Tecnologia Júnior – Especialidade: Cooperação Internacional |
Q3309005 Inglês
Text 1A4-I


   By the middle years of the 20th century, the optimistic story of limitless progress through scientific and technological advance came to be rivalled and sometimes overshadowed by a much more pessimistic, even apocalyptic vision of the trajectory of the modern project. It began to seem increasingly possible that technology would come to master its creators and carry humanity toward unforeseen and possibly catastrophic outcomes.

   Premonitions of technological wizardry leading to disasters are extremely old, dating back at least to the myth of Icarus, who is said to have fatally fallen into the sea after flying too close to the sun on wings his father, Daedalus, constructed. As the Industrial Revolution gathered steam, dark anticipations became increasingly widespread, in works such as Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus and Karel Capek’s R.U.R. Perhaps technology, not man, was “in the saddle,” as Henry Adams worried. And perhaps machines, becoming ever more capable and interconnected, were the next step in the evolution of life, destined to dominate and eventually eliminate humanity, as Samuel Butler warned. The contours of the future, H. G. Wells announced in one of his famous lectures, “The Discovery of the Future,” were difficult to discern but would surely be unlike the past or the present, and definitely included disasters of new types and magnitudes.

   In the ghastly world wars, technological advances empowered barbarism on a new scale, destroying the credibility of the simple modernist faith that more potent tools are a straight path to human betterment. Rather, technological advance has produced a cornucopia of double-edged swords, with amplified possibilities for both progress and disaster. A growing herd of horsemen of the anthropogenic apocalypse have ominously appeared on the human horizon of possibility: nuclear weapons, genetic engineering, total surveillance despotism, runaway artificial intelligence, and rampant environmental decay.


Daniel Deudney. Dark Skies: Space Expansionism, Planetary Geopolitics, and the Ends of Humanity. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020 (adapted).  
Considering the meaning of the expressions used in text 1A4-I, choose the correct option. 
Alternativas
Q3299215
Inglês Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: IBAMA Provas: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - IBAMA - Analista Ambiental - Tema 1: Proteção, Licenciamento, Monitoramento e Qualidade Ambiental | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - IBAMA - Analista Ambiental - Tema 2: Manejo, Conservação e Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre |
Q3299215 Inglês
        In the 1980s, plant genetic resources were considered under international law to be a common heritage of mankind, and were therefore classified as goods that cannot be owned. However, this status was strongly rejected by many emerging countries because it gave pharmaceutical and seed companies (mostly from rich countries) free access to their genetic resources without being required in any way to redistribute a share of their profits.

        These countries scored a victory with the signing of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992 and the TRIPS agreement in 1995. Genetic resources now come under the control of sovereign countries, and some property rights can be recognized to the indigenous communities on the resources that they have been conserving from generation to generation. States are now required to organize these “collective intellectual property rights” in such a way that any local resource conserved in this manner will generate dividends for these populations when used by multinational firms.

        The now well-known concept of Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) emerged in the second half of the 1990s. Their aim was to organize a biological diversity marketplace capable of enhancing the value of the genetic resources of countries of the South, which cannot refuse access to these resources. In addition, these countries can now claim a share of the profits that may result from their use.

       In short, the change in the status of genetic resources from common heritage of mankind to a good that can be owned under national sovereignty took place in the early 1990s at the request of countries of the South and to their benefit, and the ABS mechanism is a fine example of intellectual property rights set up in the interest of the people of these countries.

         In a general sense, this analysis is fairly accurate and could constitute an argument to be used against those who are of the opinion that the spread of intellectual property rights is an obstacle to the development of the South. However, the issue today is whether the South gained anything by playing this card. In answering this question, it is important to more clearly emphasize the deep connection—often overlooked—between the conservation of genetic resources and their practical use.

Internet:<https://shs.cairn.info/journal>  (adapted). 

Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.


The word “However”, in the second sentence of the last paragraph, can be correctly replaced with Nevertheless, without changing the original meaning of the fragment. 

Alternativas
Q3289537
Inglês Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Avança SP Órgão: Prefeitura de Caconde - SP Prova: Avança SP - 2025 - Prefeitura de Caconde - SP - Professor de Inglês |
Q3289537 Inglês



Image: NASA / JPL


   Look again at that dot. That's here. That's home. That's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there – on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.

   The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors so that, in glory and triumph, they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one corner of this pixel on the scarcely distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner, how frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds.

   Our posturings, our imagined self-importance, the delusion that we have some privileged position in the Universe, are challenged by this point of pale light. Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves.

   The Earth is the only world known so far to harbor life. There is nowhere else, at least in the near future, to which our species could migrate. Visit, yes. Settle, not yet. Like it or not, for the moment the Earth is where we make our stand.”


— Carl Sagan, Pale Blue Dot, 1994
The word "delusion" in "delusion of privileged position" could mean:
Alternativas
Q3280246
Inglês Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: EMBRAPA Prova: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - EMBRAPA - Analista - Área: Gestão da Informação - Subárea: Gestão da Informação Edição - Inglês/Português |
Q3280246 Inglês
        Agriculture and fisheries are closely linked to climate, making them vulnerable to changes in temperature, CO2 levels, and extreme weather. While increased temperature and CO2 can enhance some crop yields, this depends on factors like nutrient levels, soil moisture, and water availability. More frequent droughts and floods could challenge food production and safety, while warming waters may shift fish habitats, disrupting ecosystems. Overall, climate change may complicate traditional methods of farming, livestock raising, and fishing.

        Crop responses to temperature changes depend on each crop's optimal growth temperature. Warmer conditions might benefit certain crops or enable the cultivation of new ones, but yields decline if temperatures exceed a crop's threshold. Increased CO2 can enhance plant growth under controlled conditions but may be offset by water, nutrient, and temperature constraints. Additionally, elevated CO2 reduces the protein and nitrogen content in crops like soybeans and alfalfa, lowering their quality and diminishing the forage value for livestock.

        Extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, can harm crops and reduce yields. For example, high nighttime temperatures in 2010 and 2012 lowered U.S. corn yields, while premature budding caused $ 220 million in losses for Michigan cherries in 2012. Rising summer temperatures may also dry soils, complicating drought management. Increased irrigation could help, but reduced water availability might limit its feasibility.

        Climate change also favors weeds, pests, and fungi, which thrive in warmer, wetter conditions with higher CO2 levels. This could expose crops to new threats and increase farming costs. U.S. farmers already spend over $ 11 billion annually on weed control, and these challenges are likely to grow as weed and pest ranges expand.

        While rising CO2 stimulates plant growth, it also lowers the nutritional value of major crops like wheat, rice, and soybeans by reducing their protein and mineral content. This poses a potential risk to human health. Additionally, increased pest pressure may lead to higher pesticide use, further impacting health and reducing pesticide effectiveness. Climate change, therefore, presents multifaceted challenges to food production, nutrition, and ecosystems.

Internet:<climatechange.chicago.gov> (adapted). 

Based on the text above, judge item below.


The word ‘Additionally’, in the last paragraph, can be correctly replaced with Moreover keeping the same meaning.

Alternativas
Q3276999
Inglês Palavras conectivas | Connective words , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: EMBRAPA Provas: CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - EMBRAPA - Analista - Área: Ciências Biológicas - Subárea: Biologia Avançada e Bioinformática | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - EMBRAPA - Analista - Área: Ciências Biológicas - Subárea: Biologia Avançada e Química | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - EMBRAPA - Analista - Área: Ciências Biológicas - Subárea: Biologia Avançada e Tecnologia da Informação | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - EMBRAPA - Analista - Área: Ciências Biológicas - Subárea: Biologia Molecular e Genética Animal | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - EMBRAPA - Analista - Área: Ciências Biológicas - Subárea: Biologia Sintética e Ciências Ômicas | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - EMBRAPA - Analista - Área: Ciências Biológicas - Subárea: Botânica e Ecologia | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - EMBRAPA - Analista - Área: Ciências Biológicas - Subárea: Insumos e Biológicos | CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - EMBRAPA - Analista - Área: Ciências Biológicas - Subárea: Recursos Genéticos e Melhoramento Genético Vegetal |
Q3276999 Inglês

        Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies.


        Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock.


        The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.


        To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial.

        • Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant livestock breeds are vital. and heat-tolerant

        • Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative drought-resistant forage livestock resilience. feed sources, varieties, such as can enhance

        • Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

        • Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and reduce the environmental footprint of cattle production.


         Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector.


        Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact.


Internet:<conafer.org.br> (adapted).

Judge the following item based on the text above. 


The word “Furthermore” (in the second paragraph) can be correctly replaced with the term Besides that without changing the meaning of the tex.  

Alternativas
Q3276445
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: EDUCA Órgão: Prefeitura de Pedras de Fogo - PB Prova: EDUCA - 2025 - Prefeitura de Pedras de Fogo - PB - Professor B Inglês |
Q3276445 Inglês

TEXT 2


WHAT IS THE COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH?


In the Communicative Approach, real communication and interaction is not only the objective in learning, but also the means through which it takes place. This approach started in the 70s and became prominent as it proposed an alternative to the then ubiquitous systems-oriented approaches, such as the Audiolingual method. That means that, instead of focusing on the acquisition of grammar and vocabulary (grammatical/linguistic competence), the Communicative Approach aimed at developing the learner’s competence to communicate in the target language (communicative competence), with an enhanced focus on real-life situations.


Excerpt extracted and adapted from: https://www.whatiselt.com/single-post/2018/08/23/what-is-thecommunicative-approach

In the excerpt extracted from text 2, which says that “the Communicative Approach aimed at developing the learner’s competence to communicate in the target language”, the underlined word (competence) could be INCORRECTLY replaced by:
Alternativas
Q3252410
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: COMPERVE - UFRN Órgão: Prefeitura de Natal - RN Prova: COMPERVE - UFRN - 2025 - Prefeitura de Natal - RN - Professor de Inglês |
Q3252410 Inglês
Considere os seguintes texto e imagem para responder à questão.


Q35_37.png (650×573)


Fonte: https ://www.wipo.int/portal/en/index .html. Acesso em: 05 nov. 2024.
O termo substantial (l.1) pode ser substituído por
Alternativas
Q3235083
Inglês Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: Prefeitura de Itapevi - SP Prova: VUNESP - 2025 - Prefeitura de Itapevi - SP - Professor Educação Básica II - Inglês |
Q3235083 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


ELF: English as a lingua franca


    The Vienna Oxford International Corpus of English (VOICE), a collection of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) currently under construction, defines lingua franca as an additionally acquired language system that serves as a means of communication for speakers from different speech communities, who use it to communicate with each other but for whom it is not their native language.

    Early findings from the VOICE corpus tentatively identify a number of features which point to systematic lexicogrammatical differences between native-speaker English and ELF, for example dropping the third person present tense ‘s’ (e.g. she wear), omitting definite and indefinite articles, insertion of prepositions (e.g. can we discuss about this issue). These features are not a threat to comprehension, as they involve typical errors that most English teachers would correct and remediate. However, Seidlhofer (2004) points out that they appear to be generally unproblematic and do not cause an obstacle to communicative success in ELF. 

    The work of Jenkins (1996, 2000, 2004, 2005) has also been very influential in relation to the teaching of pronunciation for ELF. Her research finds that a number of items common to most native-speaker varieties of English were not necessary in successful ELF interactions; for example, the substitution of voiceless and voiced th with /t/ or /s/ and /d/ or /z/ (e.g. think became sink or tink, and this became dis or zis). Jenkins argues that such features occur regularly in ELF interactions and do not cause intelligibility problems.

    Problems may arise in the (perhaps unfair) equation between a reduced or ‘stripped down’ ELF syllabus and an impoverished experience of the L2. Indeed, it could be argued that learners of any language always end up producing less than the input they are exposed to, and that if that input itself is deliberately restricted, then even less will be the outcome.


(O’KEEFFE, A., MCCARTHY, M. & CARTER, R. From corpus to classroom. Language Use and Language Teaching. Cambridge, CUP. 2007. Adaptado)
Na frase do segundo parágrafo “These features often involve typical errors that most English teachers would correct and remediate”, a palavra em negrito pode ser corretamente substituída por: 
Alternativas
Q3221242
Inglês Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: FUNDATEC Órgão: IF Farroupilha - RS Prova: FUNDATEC - 2025 - IF Farroupilha - RS - Professor EBTT - Letras - Inglês |
Q3221242 Inglês

Mark the alternative that could replace the underlined word “meanwhile” (l. 15) with no significant changes in the meaning of the sentence: 
Alternativas
Respostas
161: E
162: B
163: D
164: A
165: C
166: E
167: E
168: C
169: B
170: C
171: D
172: E
173: C
174: E
175: C
176: C
177: E
178: A
179: A
180: E
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