Questões de Concurso
Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
Foram encontradas 12.687 questões
Ano: 2024
Banca:
Avança SP
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Paraty - RJ
Prova:
Avança SP - 2024 - Prefeitura de Paraty - RJ - Professor de Educação Básica II - Língua Inglesa |
Q3269543
Inglês
Since January 2023, the Amazon Fund has received BRL 3.9 billion in new donations. The resumption of the fund was accompanied by and results from the return of effective policies to control deforestation in Brazil, with very significant results. The Fund, which had contributions from Germany and Norway, had been frozen by the previous government. Under President Lula's government, it also received resources from Denmark, the European Union, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the USA.
Ministry of foreign affairs - September 12th, 2023
In the sentence, what does the subject "it" refer to?
Ano: 2024
Banca:
Avança SP
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Paraty - RJ
Prova:
Avança SP - 2024 - Prefeitura de Paraty - RJ - Professor de Educação Básica II - Língua Inglesa |
Q3269541
Inglês
Texto associado
“There is a kind of sleep that steals upon us sometimes, which, while it holds the body prisoner, does not free the mind from a sense of things about it, and enable it to ramble at its pleasure. So far as an overpowering heaviness, a prostration of strength, and an utter inability to control our thoughts or power of motion, can be called sleep, this is it; and yet we have a consciousness of all that is going on about us; and if we dream at such a time, words which are really spoken, or sounds which really exist at the moment, accommodate themselves with surprising readiness to our visions, until reality and imagination become so strangely blended that it is afterwards almost a matter of impossibility to separate the two. Nor is this, the most striking phenomenon, incidental to such a state. It is an undoubted fact, that although our senses of touch and sight be for the time dead, yet our sleeping thoughts, and the visionary scenes that pass before us, will be influenced, and materially influenced, by the mere silent presence of some external object: which may not have been near us when we closed our eyes: and of whose vicinity we have had no waking consciousness. ”
— Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist
Based on Dickens' excerpt, it is correct to state
that the sleep state described by the author:
Ano: 2024
Banca:
Avança SP
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Paraty - RJ
Prova:
Avança SP - 2024 - Prefeitura de Paraty - RJ - Professor de Educação Básica II - Língua Inglesa |
Q3269538
Inglês
Texto associado
“There is a kind of sleep that steals upon us sometimes, which, while it holds the body prisoner, does not free the mind from a sense of things about it, and enable it to ramble at its pleasure. So far as an overpowering heaviness, a prostration of strength, and an utter inability to control our thoughts or power of motion, can be called sleep, this is it; and yet we have a consciousness of all that is going on about us; and if we dream at such a time, words which are really spoken, or sounds which really exist at the moment, accommodate themselves with surprising readiness to our visions, until reality and imagination become so strangely blended that it is afterwards almost a matter of impossibility to separate the two. Nor is this, the most striking phenomenon, incidental to such a state. It is an undoubted fact, that although our senses of touch and sight be for the time dead, yet our sleeping thoughts, and the visionary scenes that pass before us, will be influenced, and materially influenced, by the mere silent presence of some external object: which may not have been near us when we closed our eyes: and of whose vicinity we have had no waking consciousness. ”
— Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist
Identify the incorrect statement based on the text:
Ano: 2024
Banca:
Quadrix
Órgão:
CREF - 9ª Região (PR)
Prova:
Quadrix - 2024 - CREF - 9ª Região (PR) - Técnico de Ensino Superior em Informática |
Q3268777
Inglês
Considering the text, choose the correct alternative about
the GDPR.
Ano: 2024
Banca:
Quadrix
Órgão:
CREF - 9ª Região (PR)
Prova:
Quadrix - 2024 - CREF - 9ª Região (PR) - Técnico de Ensino Superior em Informática |
Q3268776
Inglês
The use of personal information must be explained to
consumers in a simple and transparent manner to
Ano: 2024
Banca:
Quadrix
Órgão:
CREF - 9ª Região (PR)
Prova:
Quadrix - 2024 - CREF - 9ª Região (PR) - Técnico de Ensino Superior em Informática |
Q3268774
Inglês
According to the text, choose the correct alternative
that presents the best describes the purpose of a robust
cybersecurity policy.
Q3264957
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
A Construction Technician is a skilled professional
involved in construction processes. They can be in general
construction or more specialized roles such as drafting,
inspecting, and managing, depending on their training or
experience. After going through training programs, their scope
may extend to monitoring build progress, preparing sites, and
drafting blueprints using CAD software. Once they accumulate
years of experience, they will be tasked with supervising the
contracting team and project.
This professional’s responsibilities include: the
management of all remodel activities; the enforcement of
safety requirements to implement safety conditions at work
site; the creation of reports about qualitative and quantitative
methodologies; the hiring of contractors for maintenance work
and upgrades.
Many hard and soft skills are essential for success and
crucial for a construction technician’s day-to-day tasks.
Because they have to interpret complex information and
transform abstract ideas into tangible products, the number
one technical skill necessary for success in construction is
excellent communication skills, both receiving and delivering
accurate and relevant information.
(https://www.zippia.com/construction-technician-jobs/.10.06.2024. Adaptado)
De acordo com o último parágrafo, comunicação é prioridade máxima porque esse profissional é responsável por
Q3264956
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
A Construction Technician is a skilled professional
involved in construction processes. They can be in general
construction or more specialized roles such as drafting,
inspecting, and managing, depending on their training or
experience. After going through training programs, their scope
may extend to monitoring build progress, preparing sites, and
drafting blueprints using CAD software. Once they accumulate
years of experience, they will be tasked with supervising the
contracting team and project.
This professional’s responsibilities include: the
management of all remodel activities; the enforcement of
safety requirements to implement safety conditions at work
site; the creation of reports about qualitative and quantitative
methodologies; the hiring of contractors for maintenance work
and upgrades.
Many hard and soft skills are essential for success and
crucial for a construction technician’s day-to-day tasks.
Because they have to interpret complex information and
transform abstract ideas into tangible products, the number
one technical skill necessary for success in construction is
excellent communication skills, both receiving and delivering
accurate and relevant information.
(https://www.zippia.com/construction-technician-jobs/.10.06.2024. Adaptado)
According to the second paragraph, the construction
technician is responsible for
Q3264954
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
A Construction Technician is a skilled professional
involved in construction processes. They can be in general
construction or more specialized roles such as drafting,
inspecting, and managing, depending on their training or
experience. After going through training programs, their scope
may extend to monitoring build progress, preparing sites, and
drafting blueprints using CAD software. Once they accumulate
years of experience, they will be tasked with supervising the
contracting team and project.
This professional’s responsibilities include: the
management of all remodel activities; the enforcement of
safety requirements to implement safety conditions at work
site; the creation of reports about qualitative and quantitative
methodologies; the hiring of contractors for maintenance work
and upgrades.
Many hard and soft skills are essential for success and
crucial for a construction technician’s day-to-day tasks.
Because they have to interpret complex information and
transform abstract ideas into tangible products, the number
one technical skill necessary for success in construction is
excellent communication skills, both receiving and delivering
accurate and relevant information.
(https://www.zippia.com/construction-technician-jobs/.10.06.2024. Adaptado)
A expressão such as, em “roles such as” (1º
parágrafo),
introduz
Q3264953
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
A Construction Technician is a skilled professional
involved in construction processes. They can be in general
construction or more specialized roles such as drafting,
inspecting, and managing, depending on their training or
experience. After going through training programs, their scope
may extend to monitoring build progress, preparing sites, and
drafting blueprints using CAD software. Once they accumulate
years of experience, they will be tasked with supervising the
contracting team and project.
This professional’s responsibilities include: the
management of all remodel activities; the enforcement of
safety requirements to implement safety conditions at work
site; the creation of reports about qualitative and quantitative
methodologies; the hiring of contractors for maintenance work
and upgrades.
Many hard and soft skills are essential for success and
crucial for a construction technician’s day-to-day tasks.
Because they have to interpret complex information and
transform abstract ideas into tangible products, the number
one technical skill necessary for success in construction is
excellent communication skills, both receiving and delivering
accurate and relevant information.
(https://www.zippia.com/construction-technician-jobs/.10.06.2024. Adaptado)
Read the titles below and decide the one that best
represents the content of the text.
Ano: 2024
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
UNICAMP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2024 - UNICAMP - Profissional de Pesquisa, Engenharia e Tecnologia |
Q3263847
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
The correction of genetic errors associated with
disease in animals suggests that gene editing has potential
applications in gene therapy for humans. Gene therapy is
the introduction of a normal gene into an individual’s genome
in order to repair a mutation that causes a genetic disease.
When a normal gene is inserted into a mutant nucleus, it most
likely will integrate into a chromosomal site different from the
defective allele. Although this may repair the mutation, a new
mutation may result if the normal gene integrates into another
functional gene. If the normal gene replaces the mutant allele,
there is a chance that the transformed cells will proliferate and
produce enough normal gene product for the entire body to be
restored to the undiseased phenotype.
(www.britannica.com/science/genetic-engineering/
Process-and-techniques. Adaptado)
According to the text, gene therapy intends to
Ano: 2024
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
UNICAMP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2024 - UNICAMP - Profissional de Pesquisa, Engenharia e Tecnologia |
Q3263846
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
The correction of genetic errors associated with
disease in animals suggests that gene editing has potential
applications in gene therapy for humans. Gene therapy is
the introduction of a normal gene into an individual’s genome
in order to repair a mutation that causes a genetic disease.
When a normal gene is inserted into a mutant nucleus, it most
likely will integrate into a chromosomal site different from the
defective allele. Although this may repair the mutation, a new
mutation may result if the normal gene integrates into another
functional gene. If the normal gene replaces the mutant allele,
there is a chance that the transformed cells will proliferate and
produce enough normal gene product for the entire body to be
restored to the undiseased phenotype.
(www.britannica.com/science/genetic-engineering/
Process-and-techniques. Adaptado)
No trecho do texto – it most likely will integrate into a
chromosomal site different from the defective allele – o
termo em negrito indica
Ano: 2024
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
UNICAMP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2024 - UNICAMP - Profissional de Pesquisa, Engenharia e Tecnologia |
Q3263845
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
The correction of genetic errors associated with
disease in animals suggests that gene editing has potential
applications in gene therapy for humans. Gene therapy is
the introduction of a normal gene into an individual’s genome
in order to repair a mutation that causes a genetic disease.
When a normal gene is inserted into a mutant nucleus, it most
likely will integrate into a chromosomal site different from the
defective allele. Although this may repair the mutation, a new
mutation may result if the normal gene integrates into another
functional gene. If the normal gene replaces the mutant allele,
there is a chance that the transformed cells will proliferate and
produce enough normal gene product for the entire body to be
restored to the undiseased phenotype.
(www.britannica.com/science/genetic-engineering/
Process-and-techniques. Adaptado)
The part of the text that indicates that an unwanted
problem may happen is:
Ano: 2024
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
UNICAMP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2024 - UNICAMP - Profissional de Pesquisa, Engenharia e Tecnologia |
Q3263844
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical
research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological
production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals
by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the
3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated
by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare
of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell
lines will further increase during the next years to substitute
animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell
culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to
errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are
performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure
the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.
In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination
and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with
bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality
control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that
contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results.
Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers
that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the
International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists
576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest
register released in June 2021.
(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s
Guide to Cell Culture: Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems.
Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.
PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)
De acordo com o texto, é fundamental que experimentos
com culturas de células in vitro
Ano: 2024
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
UNICAMP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2024 - UNICAMP - Profissional de Pesquisa, Engenharia e Tecnologia |
Q3263843
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical
research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological
production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals
by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the
3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated
by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare
of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell
lines will further increase during the next years to substitute
animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell
culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to
errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are
performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure
the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.
In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination
and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with
bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality
control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that
contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results.
Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers
that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the
International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists
576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest
register released in June 2021.
(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s
Guide to Cell Culture: Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems.
Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.
PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)
According to the second paragraph, an example of
contaminant that may be present during in vitro cell
culture is:
Ano: 2024
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
UNICAMP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2024 - UNICAMP - Profissional de Pesquisa, Engenharia e Tecnologia |
Q3263840
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical
research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological
production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals
by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the
3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated
by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare
of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell
lines will further increase during the next years to substitute
animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell
culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to
errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are
performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure
the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.
In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination
and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with
bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality
control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that
contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results.
Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers
that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the
International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists
576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest
register released in June 2021.
(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s
Guide to Cell Culture: Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems.
Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.
PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo – Due to restrictions on
the use of laboratory animals – a expressão em negrito
introduz uma
Ano: 2024
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
UNICAMP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2024 - UNICAMP - Profissional de Pesquisa, Engenharia e Tecnologia |
Q3263839
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical
research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological
production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals
by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the
3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated
by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare
of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell
lines will further increase during the next years to substitute
animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell
culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to
errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are
performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure
the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.
In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination
and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with
bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality
control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that
contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results.
Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers
that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the
International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists
576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest
register released in June 2021.
(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s
Guide to Cell Culture: Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems.
Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.
PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)
According to what is stated in the first paragraph, William
Russel and Rex Burch aimed at improving
Ano: 2024
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
UNICAMP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2024 - UNICAMP - Profissional de Pesquisa, Engenharia e Tecnologia |
Q3263838
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical
research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological
production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals
by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the
3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated
by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare
of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell
lines will further increase during the next years to substitute
animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell
culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to
errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are
performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure
the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.
In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination
and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with
bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality
control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that
contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results.
Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers
that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the
International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists
576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest
register released in June 2021.
(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s
Guide to Cell Culture: Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems.
Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.
PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)
The text is mainly about
Ano: 2024
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
EPE
Provas:
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Gás e Bioenergia - Bioenergia)
|
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Meio AMbiente / Desenvolvimento Regional / Socioeconomia) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Gás e Bioenergia - Gás Natural) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Meio Ambiente - Análises Ambientais) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Transmissão de Energia) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Meio Ambiente / Recursos Hídricos) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Petróleo - Exploração e Produção) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Meio Ambiente / Geoprocessamento Meio Físico) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Recursos Energéticos) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Economia de Energia) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Meio Ambiente / Emissão e Efluentes) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Petróleo - Abastecimento) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Planejamento da Geração de Energia) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Meio Ambiente / Ecologia) |
Q3258846
Inglês
Texto associado
Text I
Shock of the old: Believe it or not, battery-powered vehicles
have been around since Victorian times.
The history of the electric car is surprisingly enraging. If you
imagine early electric vehicles at all (full disclosure: I didn’t until
recently), it will probably be as the quixotic and possibly dangerous
dream of a few eccentrics, maybe in the 1920s or 1930s, when
domestic electrification became widespread. It’s easy to imagine
some stiff-collared proto-Musk getting bored of hunting and
affairs, eyeing his newly installed electric lights speculatively, then
wreaking untold havoc and mass electrocutions. The reality is
entirely different.
By 1900, a third of all cars on the road in the US were electric;
we’re looking at the history of a cruelly missed opportunity, and it
started astonishingly early. The Scottish engineer Robert Anderson
had a go at an electric car of sorts way back in the 1830s, though
his invention was somewhat stymied by the fact rechargeable
batteries were not invented until 1859, making his crude carriage
something of a one-trick pony (and far less useful than an actual
pony).
It’s debatable whether or not Scotland was ready for this brave
new world anyway: in 1842, Robert Davidson (another Scot, who
had, a few years earlier, also tried his hand at an electric vehicle)
saw his electric locomotive Galvani “broken by some malicious
hands almost beyond repair” in Perth. The contemporary
consensus was that it was attacked by railway workers fearful for
their jobs.
Despite this unpromising start, electric vehicles had entered
widespread commercial circulation by the start of the 20th
century, particularly in the US. Electric cabs crisscrossed
Manhattan, 1897’s bestselling US car was electric and, when he
was shot in 1901, President McKinley was taken to hospital in an
electric ambulance. London had Walter Bersey’s electric taxis, and
Berlin’s fire engines went electric in 1908; the future looked bright,
clean and silent.
By the 1930s, however, the tide had definitively turned against
electric, cursed by range limitations and impractical charging times
while petrol gained the upper hand thanks partly – and ironically –
to the electric starter motor. The Horseless Age magazine, which
vehemently backed the petrol non-horse, would have been
delighted. There was a brief resurgence of interest in the late
1960s, when the US Congress passed a bill promoting electrical
vehicle development, but nothing much actually happened until
the Nissan Leaf sparked interest in 2009. Electric still isn’t quite
there yet, battling infrastructure and battery problems that might
have been familiar to Anderson and friends.
Adapted from The Guardian, Tuesday 24 October 2023, p. 6
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/series/shock-of-the-old/2023/oct/24/all
The idiom in “the tide had definitively turned” (5th paragraph)
implies that the course of events had:
Ano: 2024
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
EPE
Provas:
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Gás e Bioenergia - Bioenergia)
|
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Meio AMbiente / Desenvolvimento Regional / Socioeconomia) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Gás e Bioenergia - Gás Natural) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Meio Ambiente - Análises Ambientais) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Transmissão de Energia) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Meio Ambiente / Recursos Hídricos) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Petróleo - Exploração e Produção) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Meio Ambiente / Geoprocessamento Meio Físico) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Recursos Energéticos) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Economia de Energia) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Meio Ambiente / Emissão e Efluentes) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Petróleo - Abastecimento) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Planejamento da Geração de Energia) |
FGV - 2024 - EPE - Analista de Pesquisa Energética (Meio Ambiente / Ecologia) |
Q3258843
Inglês
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Text I
Shock of the old: Believe it or not, battery-powered vehicles
have been around since Victorian times.
The history of the electric car is surprisingly enraging. If you
imagine early electric vehicles at all (full disclosure: I didn’t until
recently), it will probably be as the quixotic and possibly dangerous
dream of a few eccentrics, maybe in the 1920s or 1930s, when
domestic electrification became widespread. It’s easy to imagine
some stiff-collared proto-Musk getting bored of hunting and
affairs, eyeing his newly installed electric lights speculatively, then
wreaking untold havoc and mass electrocutions. The reality is
entirely different.
By 1900, a third of all cars on the road in the US were electric;
we’re looking at the history of a cruelly missed opportunity, and it
started astonishingly early. The Scottish engineer Robert Anderson
had a go at an electric car of sorts way back in the 1830s, though
his invention was somewhat stymied by the fact rechargeable
batteries were not invented until 1859, making his crude carriage
something of a one-trick pony (and far less useful than an actual
pony).
It’s debatable whether or not Scotland was ready for this brave
new world anyway: in 1842, Robert Davidson (another Scot, who
had, a few years earlier, also tried his hand at an electric vehicle)
saw his electric locomotive Galvani “broken by some malicious
hands almost beyond repair” in Perth. The contemporary
consensus was that it was attacked by railway workers fearful for
their jobs.
Despite this unpromising start, electric vehicles had entered
widespread commercial circulation by the start of the 20th
century, particularly in the US. Electric cabs crisscrossed
Manhattan, 1897’s bestselling US car was electric and, when he
was shot in 1901, President McKinley was taken to hospital in an
electric ambulance. London had Walter Bersey’s electric taxis, and
Berlin’s fire engines went electric in 1908; the future looked bright,
clean and silent.
By the 1930s, however, the tide had definitively turned against
electric, cursed by range limitations and impractical charging times
while petrol gained the upper hand thanks partly – and ironically –
to the electric starter motor. The Horseless Age magazine, which
vehemently backed the petrol non-horse, would have been
delighted. There was a brief resurgence of interest in the late
1960s, when the US Congress passed a bill promoting electrical
vehicle development, but nothing much actually happened until
the Nissan Leaf sparked interest in 2009. Electric still isn’t quite
there yet, battling infrastructure and battery problems that might
have been familiar to Anderson and friends.
Adapted from The Guardian, Tuesday 24 October 2023, p. 6
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/series/shock-of-the-old/2023/oct/24/all
The last sentence indicates that some hurdles remain to be:
Conheça nossos planos