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Q3909808
História História Geral ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: EsPCEx Prova: Exército - 2025 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2º Dia |
Q3909808 História
Ao longo da história, os historiadores identificaram grandes momentos ou mesmo fases da industrialização mundial e, ao considerarem os países envolvidos e as inovações técnicas, classificaram esses momentos ou fases em Primeira, Segunda e Terceira Revoluções Industriais. Na chamada “Primeira Revolução Industrial”, entre os séculos XVIII e XIX, foi de notável importância para o desenvolvimento das fábricas a (o)
Alternativas
Q3909807
História História Geral , Guerra Fria e seus desdobramentos ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: EsPCEx Prova: Exército - 2025 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2º Dia |
Q3909807 História
Josef Stalin, tendo ficado 29 anos no poder (até sua morte, em 1953) e estimulado um forte culto à sua personalidade, comandou a consolidação da hoje extinta União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS). Quando Stalin faleceu, seu sucessor libertou presos políticos, diminuiu a censura à imprensa, desativou campos de trabalhos forçados e denunciou os crimes praticados por seu antecessor, desnorteando os partidos comunistas mundo afora. Cerca de uma década depois, este foi sucedido por um membro da ala conservadora do Partido Comunista, que restaurou diversos horrores da época stalinista. Os dois líderes soviéticos que se seguiram a Stalin e aos quais o texto se refere foram, respectivamente,
Alternativas
Q3909806
História História Geral ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: EsPCEx Prova: Exército - 2025 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2º Dia |
Q3909806 História
Pode-se dizer que o Nazismo emergiu da derrota alemã na 1a Guerra Mundial e da humilhação das condições impostas pelo Tratado de Versalhes. Hitler, na sua obra “Minha Luta” (Mein Kampf), desenvolveu os fundamentos dessa ideologia, que apresentava algumas similaridades com o fascismo italiano, de Mussolini. Relativamente a essas ideologias ou doutrinas, analise os fundamentos abaixo relacionados.

I – Nacionalismo e totalitarismo.
II – Corporativismo (o Estado deve buscar a harmonização dos interesses do capital e do trabalho dentro dos quadros das corporações) e militarismo (presença de milícias armadas ou polícia paramilitar).
III – Expansionismo (necessidade do domínio de territórios indispensáveis ao desenvolvimento do novo império) e noção de superioridade racial.
IV – Anticomunismo.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta somente fundamentos presentes tanto no nazismo quanto no fascismo.
Alternativas
Q3909805
História História do Brasil ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: EsPCEx Prova: Exército - 2025 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2º Dia |
Q3909805 História
Eleito Presidente da República nas eleições de 1955, Juscelino Kubitschek (JK, como era conhecido) iniciou seu governo lançando um ambicioso plano nacional de desenvolvimento, conhecido como “Plano de Metas”. Ali estavam definidos os principais objetivos a serem atingidos durante seu governo, agrupados em cinco setores: energia, transporte, indústria, educação e alimentação. Relativamente ao Plano de Metas de JK, analise as assertivas abaixo. 

I – Nos setores de indústria e de transporte, foram implantadas novas fábricas de veículos e construídos cerca de 20 mil quilômetros de rodovias.
II – As metas nos setores de educação e alimentação não foram alcançadas.
III – No setor de energia, foram construídas duas grandes usinas hidrelétricas, ambas em Minas Gerais, e a extração de Petróleo cresceu mais de 150%.
IV – A construção de Brasília, conhecida como “meta-síntese”, era uma das metas originais do Plano.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta somente assertivas corretas.
Alternativas
Q3909804
Geografia População , Urbanização ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: EsPCEx Prova: Exército - 2025 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2º Dia |
Q3909804 Geografia
“Segundo o Censo Demográfico 2022, do total de 203,1 milhões de pessoas que vivem no país, 177,5 milhões (87,4%) residiam em áreas urbanas, enquanto 25,6 milhões (12,6%) estavam em áreas rurais. Em relação a 2010, quando o grau de urbanização foi de 84,4%, houve aumento de 16,6 milhões de pessoas morando em áreas urbanas e queda de 4,3 milhões vivendo em áreas rurais”.

(Fonte:https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-noticias/2012-agencia-de-noticias/noticias/41901-censo-2022-87-da-populacao-brasileira-vive-em-areas-urbanas).

Analise as assertivas a seguir:

I – O Brasil possui mais de 5500 municípios, sendo que muitos deles são economicamente deficitários. A criação de novos municípios implica mais despesas para os poderes estadual e federal.
II – A definição de áreas urbanas no Brasil segue parâmetros funcionais definidos pela Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) após a 2ª Guerra Mundial, quando a urbanização avançava de forma acelerada em países periféricos.
III – A criação e gestão das regiões metropolitanas (RM) é de competência da esfera federal, tendo em vista que, em muitos casos, as diversas RM englobam municípios de mais de uma unidade da federação.
IV – A expansão do perímetro urbano favorece o aumento da arrecadação tributária das municipalidades.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta somente assertivas corretas.
Alternativas
Q3909802
Conhecimentos Gerais Política Internacional , Política ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: EsPCEx Prova: Exército - 2025 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2º Dia |
Q3909802 Conhecimentos Gerais
“O homem de Estado que conduz a política externa só pode tomar em conta os valores de justiça, equidade e tolerância na medida em que contribuam ao objetivo de poder ou enquanto não interfiram nele. Pode utilizá-los como instrumentos que desde o ponto de vista moral justifiquem a aspiração de poder, porém deve rechaçá-los no instante em que sua aplicação se traduza em debilidade. Não se busca o poder para o alcance de valores morais, porém se utilizam os valores morais para facilitar a aquisição de poder”.

(Fonte: Nicholas Spykman. America’s Strategy in World Politics, 1942, p.26).

A presença de bases militares norte-americanas em diversas partes do mundo expressa a projeção mundial de poder dos EUA.

Escolha a única opção em que todos os países listados possuem bases militares dos Estados Unidos.
Alternativas
Q3909800
Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária Meio Ambiente na Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária , Recursos Hídricos ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: EsPCEx Prova: Exército - 2025 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2º Dia |
Q3909800 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária
“O bairro Menino Deus, localizado na região centro-sul de Porto Alegre, voltou a registrar ruas inundadas menos de uma semana depois de a água do rio Guaíba ter baixado. A reportagem registrou a saída de moradores e trabalhadores do comércio no cruzamento das ruas Grão-Pará e José de Alencar, onde a água alcançava a altura do joelho. Após dias de trégua, a chuva voltou a castigar Porto Alegre nesta quinta-feira (23)”.

(Fonte: https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/geral/noticia/2024-05/porto-alegre-enfrenta-chuva-e-bairro-menino-deus-volta-a-alagar).

As inundações urbanas expõem a população a riscos materiais e imateriais. Esses eventos tendem a afetar de forma mais severa as populações mais vulneráveis.

Constituem-se problemas relacionados às inundações e suas respectivas medidas de mitigação:
Alternativas
Q3909799
Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária Recursos Hídricos ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: EsPCEx Prova: Exército - 2025 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2º Dia |
Q3909799 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária
“A água é vital para a existência de vida na Terra. Apesar de alguns seres vivos sobreviverem sem ar, nenhum organismo pode sobreviver sem água. A água é necessária para a fotossíntese, a formação do solo e a absorção de nutrientes pelos animais e plantas.”

(Fonte: PETERSEN, James F. Fundamentos de Geografia Física. São Paulo: Cengage Learning, 2014. pág. 100). 

Analise as considerações a respeito do precioso recurso tratado no texto acima.

I – O conceito de estresse hídrico evidencia o panorama global da crise da água, levando em consideração tão somente os distintos totais pluviométricos e, consequentemente, a formação de reservas superficiais e subterrâneas de água.
II – No Brasil, a superexploração das águas e a elevada impermeabilização dos solos impactam diretamente os volumes de água dos reservatórios subterrâneos. Como consequências diretas desses processos, podem-se citar: a redução do volume de água de recarga dos aquíferos e a extinção de nascentes.
III – A água é considerada um recurso que se renova constantemente por meio do ciclo natural que envolve a atmosfera, a crosta terrestre e a hidrosfera. Entretanto, é considerada um recurso finito e tem a sua distribuição pelo planeta considerada bastante desigual.
IV – Globalmente, as atividades agrícolas são responsáveis pela maior parte da demanda de água. Sendo assim, não se pode afirmar que os padrões de consumo desse recurso variam em função dos distintos níveis de desenvolvimento dos países.
V – A água doce disponível no mundo ainda é suficiente para atender às necessidades de consumo atuais, de modo que a crise hídrica do presente decorre da má distribuição geográfica dos recursos hídricos e da carência, por parte dos países pobres, de sistemas adequados de fornecimento e tratamento de água.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta somente assertivas corretas.
Alternativas
Q3909797
Geografia Industrialização , Geografia Econômica ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: EsPCEx Prova: Exército - 2025 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2º Dia |
Q3909797 Geografia
“As ligações internas entre as ‘ilhas’ econômicas eram frágeis, pois os mercados externos tinham importância muito maior que o embrionário mercado nacional. [...] No século XX, a industrialização rompeu o isolamento dos mercados regionais. Os manufaturados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, produzidos com tecnologia superior e em escala industrial, invadiram todo o país.”

(Fonte: MAGNOLI, Demétrio. Geografia para o Ensino Médio. 2. ed. São Paulo: Atual, 2012. pág. 250).

O texto acima reforça uma transformação na estrutura econômica brasileira ocorrida entre as últimas décadas do século XIX e a primeira metade do século passado. Como uma das consequências diretas desta transformação, pode-se apontar:
Alternativas
Q3909796
Geografia Amazônia ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: EsPCEx Prova: Exército - 2025 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2º Dia |
Q3909796 Geografia
O povoamento e desenvolvimento da Amazônia brasileira foram fundados de acordo com o paradigma de relação sociedade-natureza, que Kenneth Boulding denomina de economia de fronteira, significando com isso que o crescimento econômico é visto como linear e infinito. Tal crescimento baseia-se na contínua incorporação de terra e recursos naturais, que são também percebidos como infinitos. Esse paradigma de economia de fronteira realmente caracteriza toda a formação latino-americana.

(Fonte: Becker, B. Geopolítica da Amazônia. In: Estudos Avançados. 19 (53), 2005. (texto adaptado)). 

Analise as assertivas abaixo.

I – A Amazônia é uma região de elevada biodiversidade, onde predominam áreas de planícies, conforme a classificação do relevo brasileiro de Jurandyr Ross.
II – A Amazônia converteu-se em fronteira demográfica para os fluxos migratórios orientados em torno dos eixos sul-norte das rodovias Belém-Brasília, Cuiabá-Santarém e Brasília-Acre.
III – A Amazônia é um extenso “vazio demográfico”, o que se confirma pela ocupação rarefeita, inclusive nas capitais de estado, dentre as quais não figura nenhuma metrópole.
IV – O SIVAM (Sistema de Vigilância da Amazônia) é uma rede integrada de sensoriamento remoto e de telecomunicações que abrange a maior parte da Amazônia Legal.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta somente a(s) assertiva(s) correta(s).
Alternativas
Q3909794
Geografia Cartografia ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: EsPCEx Prova: Exército - 2025 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2º Dia |
Q3909794 Geografia
“Se um quadro vale mil palavras, um mapa vale um milhão. Uma vez que os mapas são representações gráficas e utilizam linguagem simbólica, eles mostram relações espaciais e retratam informações geográficas com muito mais eficácia. Os mapas fornecem uma quantidade de informações gráficas que necessitaria de várias páginas para descrevê-las (provavelmente com menos sucesso).”

(Fonte: PETERSEN, James F. Fundamentos de Geografia Física. São Paulo: Cengage Learning, 2014. pág. 29)

Analise as assertivas abaixo.

I – Em um mapa, os elementos que compõem o espaço geográfico podem ser representados de diversas formas. Entretanto, diante da complexidade do espaço geográfico, algumas informações são sempre priorizadas em detrimento de outras.
II – No caso dos mapas e cartas topográficas, as escalas cartográficas utilizadas em sua confecção pouco ou nada interferem no detalhamento e na precisão com que as variáveis da superfície terrestre são representadas.
III – Dependendo da escala cartográfica utilizada, um fenômeno que normalmente é representado de maneira pontual pode passar a ser representado de maneira zonal, passando-se a enfatizar a área ocupada por ele.
IV – Numa anamorfose geográfica, busca-se, através da manutenção da escala cartográfica em todo o mapa, demonstrar o grau de participação dos países em relação a fenômenos escolhidos e representados.
V – Nos mapas temáticos, os quais contêm informações selecionadas sobre determinados fenômenos ou temas do espaço geográfico, as representações quantitativas e qualitativas são mais relevantes que a precisão planimétrica ou altimétrica.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta somente assertivas corretas.
Alternativas
Q3909793
Geografia Geografia Física ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: EsPCEx Prova: Exército - 2025 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2º Dia |
Q3909793 Geografia
“O relevo não é estático, mas dinâmico. O modelado da crosta continua em transformação. Esse fluxo pode ser muito lento e quase sempre nossos sentidos são incapazes de captá-lo. As transformações morfológicas são provocadas por dois tipos de força: os agentes internos ou modeladores resultam de forças oriundas do interior do planeta; os agentes externos ou esculpidores resultam de forças oriundas da atmosfera.”

(Fonte: MAGNOLI, Demétrio. Geografia para o Ensino Médio. 2. ed. São Paulo: Atual, 2012. pág. 38).

A respeito da atuação dos agentes expostos no enunciado, julgue as assertivas a seguir: I – Como exemplo típico de intemperismo físico, as intensas variações diárias de temperatura, muito atuantes nos desertos, podem ocasionar a desintegração mecânica das rochas.
II – Como agentes erosivos, os ventos conseguem transportar poeira fina por centenas ou mesmo milhares de quilômetros, fazendo-a atravessar, inclusive, mares e oceanos.
III – No que diz respeito aos abalos sísmicos, a profundidade do foco em nada interfere na extensão da área afetada, bem como nas possibilidades de destruição geradas por esse fenômeno.
IV – Enquanto a epirogênese age sobre regiões estáveis da crosta, levando à ocorrência de áreas soerguidas e rebaixadas, a orogênese atua nos limites das placas tectônicas, resultando em dobras e falhas.
V – Comparando as possibilidades de atuação dos principais agentes envolvidos nos intemperismos físico e químico, conclui-se que as condições climáticas são irrelevantes para a prevalência, ou mesmo ocorrência, de um ou de outro processo.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta todas as assertivas corretas.
Alternativas
Q3692549
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: IME Prova: Exército - 2025 - IME - Oficial Engenheiro - Português/Inglês |
Q3692549 Inglês
Text 1

ChatGPT May Be Eroding Critical Thinking Skills, According to a New MIT Study

By Andrew R. Chow

    The study divided 54 subjects — 18 to 39 year-olds from the Boston area — into three groups, and asked them to write several SAT essays using OpenAl's ChatGPT, Google’s search engine, and nothing at all, respectively. Researchers used an (electroencephalogram) EEG to record the writers’ brain activity across 32 regions, and found that of the three groups, ChatGPT users had the lowest brain engagement and “consistently underperformed at neural, linguistic, and behavioral levels.” Over the course of several months, ChatGPT users got lazier with each subsequent essay, often resorting to copy-and-paste by the end of the study.

    The paper suggests that the usage of (Large Language Model) LLMs could actually harm learning, especially for younger users. The paper has not yet been peer reviewed, and its sample size is relatively small. But its paper’s main author Nataliya Kosmyna felt it was important to release the findings to elevate concerns that as society increasingly relies upon LLMs for immediate convenience, long-term brain development may be sacrificed in the process.

    The group that wrote essays using ChatGPT all delivered extremely similar essays that lacked original thought, relying on the same expressions and ideas. Two English teachers who assessed the essays called them largely “soulless” The EEGs revealed low executive control and attentional engagement. And by their third essay, many of the writers simply gave the prompt to ChatGPT and had it do almost all of the work. “It was more like, ‘just give me the essay, refine this sentence, edit it, and 'm done,” Kosmyna says.

    The brain-only group, conversely, showed the highest neural connectivity, especially in alpha, theta and delta bands, which are associated with creativity ideation, memory load, and semantic processing. Researchers found this group was more engaged and curious, and claimed ownership and expressed higher satisfaction with their essays.

    The third group, which used Google Search, also expressed high satisfaction and active brain function. The difference here is notable because many people now search for information within Al chatbots as opposed to Google Search.

    After writing the three essays, the subjects were then asked to re-write one of their previous efforts—but the ChatGPT group had to do so without the tool, while the brain-only group could now use ChatGPT. The first group remembered little of their own essays, and showed weaker alpha and theta brain waves, which likely reflected a bypassing of deep memory processes.

    The second group, in contrast, performed well, exhibiting a significant increase in brain connectivity across all EEG frequency bands. This gives rise to the hope that Al, if used properly, could enhance learning as opposed to diminishing it.

Adapted from: TIME in [Accessed on 15th July 2025]. 
Why did the researchers mention the small sample size?  
Alternativas
Q3692548
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: IME Prova: Exército - 2025 - IME - Oficial Engenheiro - Português/Inglês |
Q3692548 Inglês
Text 1

ChatGPT May Be Eroding Critical Thinking Skills, According to a New MIT Study

By Andrew R. Chow

    The study divided 54 subjects — 18 to 39 year-olds from the Boston area — into three groups, and asked them to write several SAT essays using OpenAl's ChatGPT, Google’s search engine, and nothing at all, respectively. Researchers used an (electroencephalogram) EEG to record the writers’ brain activity across 32 regions, and found that of the three groups, ChatGPT users had the lowest brain engagement and “consistently underperformed at neural, linguistic, and behavioral levels.” Over the course of several months, ChatGPT users got lazier with each subsequent essay, often resorting to copy-and-paste by the end of the study.

    The paper suggests that the usage of (Large Language Model) LLMs could actually harm learning, especially for younger users. The paper has not yet been peer reviewed, and its sample size is relatively small. But its paper’s main author Nataliya Kosmyna felt it was important to release the findings to elevate concerns that as society increasingly relies upon LLMs for immediate convenience, long-term brain development may be sacrificed in the process.

    The group that wrote essays using ChatGPT all delivered extremely similar essays that lacked original thought, relying on the same expressions and ideas. Two English teachers who assessed the essays called them largely “soulless” The EEGs revealed low executive control and attentional engagement. And by their third essay, many of the writers simply gave the prompt to ChatGPT and had it do almost all of the work. “It was more like, ‘just give me the essay, refine this sentence, edit it, and 'm done,” Kosmyna says.

    The brain-only group, conversely, showed the highest neural connectivity, especially in alpha, theta and delta bands, which are associated with creativity ideation, memory load, and semantic processing. Researchers found this group was more engaged and curious, and claimed ownership and expressed higher satisfaction with their essays.

    The third group, which used Google Search, also expressed high satisfaction and active brain function. The difference here is notable because many people now search for information within Al chatbots as opposed to Google Search.

    After writing the three essays, the subjects were then asked to re-write one of their previous efforts—but the ChatGPT group had to do so without the tool, while the brain-only group could now use ChatGPT. The first group remembered little of their own essays, and showed weaker alpha and theta brain waves, which likely reflected a bypassing of deep memory processes.

    The second group, in contrast, performed well, exhibiting a significant increase in brain connectivity across all EEG frequency bands. This gives rise to the hope that Al, if used properly, could enhance learning as opposed to diminishing it.

Adapted from: TIME in [Accessed on 15th July 2025]. 
Researchers highlighted the following main difference between using Google Search and Al chatbots for information gathering:  
Alternativas
Q3692547
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: IME Prova: Exército - 2025 - IME - Oficial Engenheiro - Português/Inglês |
Q3692547 Inglês
Text 1

ChatGPT May Be Eroding Critical Thinking Skills, According to a New MIT Study

By Andrew R. Chow

    The study divided 54 subjects — 18 to 39 year-olds from the Boston area — into three groups, and asked them to write several SAT essays using OpenAl's ChatGPT, Google’s search engine, and nothing at all, respectively. Researchers used an (electroencephalogram) EEG to record the writers’ brain activity across 32 regions, and found that of the three groups, ChatGPT users had the lowest brain engagement and “consistently underperformed at neural, linguistic, and behavioral levels.” Over the course of several months, ChatGPT users got lazier with each subsequent essay, often resorting to copy-and-paste by the end of the study.

    The paper suggests that the usage of (Large Language Model) LLMs could actually harm learning, especially for younger users. The paper has not yet been peer reviewed, and its sample size is relatively small. But its paper’s main author Nataliya Kosmyna felt it was important to release the findings to elevate concerns that as society increasingly relies upon LLMs for immediate convenience, long-term brain development may be sacrificed in the process.

    The group that wrote essays using ChatGPT all delivered extremely similar essays that lacked original thought, relying on the same expressions and ideas. Two English teachers who assessed the essays called them largely “soulless” The EEGs revealed low executive control and attentional engagement. And by their third essay, many of the writers simply gave the prompt to ChatGPT and had it do almost all of the work. “It was more like, ‘just give me the essay, refine this sentence, edit it, and 'm done,” Kosmyna says.

    The brain-only group, conversely, showed the highest neural connectivity, especially in alpha, theta and delta bands, which are associated with creativity ideation, memory load, and semantic processing. Researchers found this group was more engaged and curious, and claimed ownership and expressed higher satisfaction with their essays.

    The third group, which used Google Search, also expressed high satisfaction and active brain function. The difference here is notable because many people now search for information within Al chatbots as opposed to Google Search.

    After writing the three essays, the subjects were then asked to re-write one of their previous efforts—but the ChatGPT group had to do so without the tool, while the brain-only group could now use ChatGPT. The first group remembered little of their own essays, and showed weaker alpha and theta brain waves, which likely reflected a bypassing of deep memory processes.

    The second group, in contrast, performed well, exhibiting a significant increase in brain connectivity across all EEG frequency bands. This gives rise to the hope that Al, if used properly, could enhance learning as opposed to diminishing it.

Adapted from: TIME in [Accessed on 15th July 2025]. 
Based on the brain-only group’s later use of ChatGPT, researchers expressed the following hope:  
Alternativas
Q3692546
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: IME Prova: Exército - 2025 - IME - Oficial Engenheiro - Português/Inglês |
Q3692546 Inglês
Text 1

ChatGPT May Be Eroding Critical Thinking Skills, According to a New MIT Study

By Andrew R. Chow

    The study divided 54 subjects — 18 to 39 year-olds from the Boston area — into three groups, and asked them to write several SAT essays using OpenAl's ChatGPT, Google’s search engine, and nothing at all, respectively. Researchers used an (electroencephalogram) EEG to record the writers’ brain activity across 32 regions, and found that of the three groups, ChatGPT users had the lowest brain engagement and “consistently underperformed at neural, linguistic, and behavioral levels.” Over the course of several months, ChatGPT users got lazier with each subsequent essay, often resorting to copy-and-paste by the end of the study.

    The paper suggests that the usage of (Large Language Model) LLMs could actually harm learning, especially for younger users. The paper has not yet been peer reviewed, and its sample size is relatively small. But its paper’s main author Nataliya Kosmyna felt it was important to release the findings to elevate concerns that as society increasingly relies upon LLMs for immediate convenience, long-term brain development may be sacrificed in the process.

    The group that wrote essays using ChatGPT all delivered extremely similar essays that lacked original thought, relying on the same expressions and ideas. Two English teachers who assessed the essays called them largely “soulless” The EEGs revealed low executive control and attentional engagement. And by their third essay, many of the writers simply gave the prompt to ChatGPT and had it do almost all of the work. “It was more like, ‘just give me the essay, refine this sentence, edit it, and 'm done,” Kosmyna says.

    The brain-only group, conversely, showed the highest neural connectivity, especially in alpha, theta and delta bands, which are associated with creativity ideation, memory load, and semantic processing. Researchers found this group was more engaged and curious, and claimed ownership and expressed higher satisfaction with their essays.

    The third group, which used Google Search, also expressed high satisfaction and active brain function. The difference here is notable because many people now search for information within Al chatbots as opposed to Google Search.

    After writing the three essays, the subjects were then asked to re-write one of their previous efforts—but the ChatGPT group had to do so without the tool, while the brain-only group could now use ChatGPT. The first group remembered little of their own essays, and showed weaker alpha and theta brain waves, which likely reflected a bypassing of deep memory processes.

    The second group, in contrast, performed well, exhibiting a significant increase in brain connectivity across all EEG frequency bands. This gives rise to the hope that Al, if used properly, could enhance learning as opposed to diminishing it.

Adapted from: TIME in [Accessed on 15th July 2025]. 
What did the EEG data suggest about ChatGPT users' executive control during essay writing? 
Alternativas
Q3692545
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: IME Prova: Exército - 2025 - IME - Oficial Engenheiro - Português/Inglês |
Q3692545 Inglês
Text 1

ChatGPT May Be Eroding Critical Thinking Skills, According to a New MIT Study

By Andrew R. Chow

    The study divided 54 subjects — 18 to 39 year-olds from the Boston area — into three groups, and asked them to write several SAT essays using OpenAl's ChatGPT, Google’s search engine, and nothing at all, respectively. Researchers used an (electroencephalogram) EEG to record the writers’ brain activity across 32 regions, and found that of the three groups, ChatGPT users had the lowest brain engagement and “consistently underperformed at neural, linguistic, and behavioral levels.” Over the course of several months, ChatGPT users got lazier with each subsequent essay, often resorting to copy-and-paste by the end of the study.

    The paper suggests that the usage of (Large Language Model) LLMs could actually harm learning, especially for younger users. The paper has not yet been peer reviewed, and its sample size is relatively small. But its paper’s main author Nataliya Kosmyna felt it was important to release the findings to elevate concerns that as society increasingly relies upon LLMs for immediate convenience, long-term brain development may be sacrificed in the process.

    The group that wrote essays using ChatGPT all delivered extremely similar essays that lacked original thought, relying on the same expressions and ideas. Two English teachers who assessed the essays called them largely “soulless” The EEGs revealed low executive control and attentional engagement. And by their third essay, many of the writers simply gave the prompt to ChatGPT and had it do almost all of the work. “It was more like, ‘just give me the essay, refine this sentence, edit it, and 'm done,” Kosmyna says.

    The brain-only group, conversely, showed the highest neural connectivity, especially in alpha, theta and delta bands, which are associated with creativity ideation, memory load, and semantic processing. Researchers found this group was more engaged and curious, and claimed ownership and expressed higher satisfaction with their essays.

    The third group, which used Google Search, also expressed high satisfaction and active brain function. The difference here is notable because many people now search for information within Al chatbots as opposed to Google Search.

    After writing the three essays, the subjects were then asked to re-write one of their previous efforts—but the ChatGPT group had to do so without the tool, while the brain-only group could now use ChatGPT. The first group remembered little of their own essays, and showed weaker alpha and theta brain waves, which likely reflected a bypassing of deep memory processes.

    The second group, in contrast, performed well, exhibiting a significant increase in brain connectivity across all EEG frequency bands. This gives rise to the hope that Al, if used properly, could enhance learning as opposed to diminishing it.

Adapted from: TIME in [Accessed on 15th July 2025]. 
What distinguishes the Google Search group's results from those of the ChatGPT group? 
Alternativas
Q3692544
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: IME Prova: Exército - 2025 - IME - Oficial Engenheiro - Português/Inglês |
Q3692544 Inglês
Text 1

ChatGPT May Be Eroding Critical Thinking Skills, According to a New MIT Study

By Andrew R. Chow

    The study divided 54 subjects — 18 to 39 year-olds from the Boston area — into three groups, and asked them to write several SAT essays using OpenAl's ChatGPT, Google’s search engine, and nothing at all, respectively. Researchers used an (electroencephalogram) EEG to record the writers’ brain activity across 32 regions, and found that of the three groups, ChatGPT users had the lowest brain engagement and “consistently underperformed at neural, linguistic, and behavioral levels.” Over the course of several months, ChatGPT users got lazier with each subsequent essay, often resorting to copy-and-paste by the end of the study.

    The paper suggests that the usage of (Large Language Model) LLMs could actually harm learning, especially for younger users. The paper has not yet been peer reviewed, and its sample size is relatively small. But its paper’s main author Nataliya Kosmyna felt it was important to release the findings to elevate concerns that as society increasingly relies upon LLMs for immediate convenience, long-term brain development may be sacrificed in the process.

    The group that wrote essays using ChatGPT all delivered extremely similar essays that lacked original thought, relying on the same expressions and ideas. Two English teachers who assessed the essays called them largely “soulless” The EEGs revealed low executive control and attentional engagement. And by their third essay, many of the writers simply gave the prompt to ChatGPT and had it do almost all of the work. “It was more like, ‘just give me the essay, refine this sentence, edit it, and 'm done,” Kosmyna says.

    The brain-only group, conversely, showed the highest neural connectivity, especially in alpha, theta and delta bands, which are associated with creativity ideation, memory load, and semantic processing. Researchers found this group was more engaged and curious, and claimed ownership and expressed higher satisfaction with their essays.

    The third group, which used Google Search, also expressed high satisfaction and active brain function. The difference here is notable because many people now search for information within Al chatbots as opposed to Google Search.

    After writing the three essays, the subjects were then asked to re-write one of their previous efforts—but the ChatGPT group had to do so without the tool, while the brain-only group could now use ChatGPT. The first group remembered little of their own essays, and showed weaker alpha and theta brain waves, which likely reflected a bypassing of deep memory processes.

    The second group, in contrast, performed well, exhibiting a significant increase in brain connectivity across all EEG frequency bands. This gives rise to the hope that Al, if used properly, could enhance learning as opposed to diminishing it.

Adapted from: TIME in [Accessed on 15th July 2025]. 
What outcome followed when the ChatGPT group was asked to re-write an essay without using ChatGPT? 
Alternativas
Q3692543
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: IME Prova: Exército - 2025 - IME - Oficial Engenheiro - Português/Inglês |
Q3692543 Inglês
Text 1

ChatGPT May Be Eroding Critical Thinking Skills, According to a New MIT Study

By Andrew R. Chow

    The study divided 54 subjects — 18 to 39 year-olds from the Boston area — into three groups, and asked them to write several SAT essays using OpenAl's ChatGPT, Google’s search engine, and nothing at all, respectively. Researchers used an (electroencephalogram) EEG to record the writers’ brain activity across 32 regions, and found that of the three groups, ChatGPT users had the lowest brain engagement and “consistently underperformed at neural, linguistic, and behavioral levels.” Over the course of several months, ChatGPT users got lazier with each subsequent essay, often resorting to copy-and-paste by the end of the study.

    The paper suggests that the usage of (Large Language Model) LLMs could actually harm learning, especially for younger users. The paper has not yet been peer reviewed, and its sample size is relatively small. But its paper’s main author Nataliya Kosmyna felt it was important to release the findings to elevate concerns that as society increasingly relies upon LLMs for immediate convenience, long-term brain development may be sacrificed in the process.

    The group that wrote essays using ChatGPT all delivered extremely similar essays that lacked original thought, relying on the same expressions and ideas. Two English teachers who assessed the essays called them largely “soulless” The EEGs revealed low executive control and attentional engagement. And by their third essay, many of the writers simply gave the prompt to ChatGPT and had it do almost all of the work. “It was more like, ‘just give me the essay, refine this sentence, edit it, and 'm done,” Kosmyna says.

    The brain-only group, conversely, showed the highest neural connectivity, especially in alpha, theta and delta bands, which are associated with creativity ideation, memory load, and semantic processing. Researchers found this group was more engaged and curious, and claimed ownership and expressed higher satisfaction with their essays.

    The third group, which used Google Search, also expressed high satisfaction and active brain function. The difference here is notable because many people now search for information within Al chatbots as opposed to Google Search.

    After writing the three essays, the subjects were then asked to re-write one of their previous efforts—but the ChatGPT group had to do so without the tool, while the brain-only group could now use ChatGPT. The first group remembered little of their own essays, and showed weaker alpha and theta brain waves, which likely reflected a bypassing of deep memory processes.

    The second group, in contrast, performed well, exhibiting a significant increase in brain connectivity across all EEG frequency bands. This gives rise to the hope that Al, if used properly, could enhance learning as opposed to diminishing it.

Adapted from: TIME in [Accessed on 15th July 2025]. 
Which neural frequency bands were most active in the brain-only group, indicating cognitive engagement?  
Alternativas
Q3692542
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2025 Banca: Exército Órgão: IME Prova: Exército - 2025 - IME - Oficial Engenheiro - Português/Inglês |
Q3692542 Inglês
Text 1

ChatGPT May Be Eroding Critical Thinking Skills, According to a New MIT Study

By Andrew R. Chow

    The study divided 54 subjects — 18 to 39 year-olds from the Boston area — into three groups, and asked them to write several SAT essays using OpenAl's ChatGPT, Google’s search engine, and nothing at all, respectively. Researchers used an (electroencephalogram) EEG to record the writers’ brain activity across 32 regions, and found that of the three groups, ChatGPT users had the lowest brain engagement and “consistently underperformed at neural, linguistic, and behavioral levels.” Over the course of several months, ChatGPT users got lazier with each subsequent essay, often resorting to copy-and-paste by the end of the study.

    The paper suggests that the usage of (Large Language Model) LLMs could actually harm learning, especially for younger users. The paper has not yet been peer reviewed, and its sample size is relatively small. But its paper’s main author Nataliya Kosmyna felt it was important to release the findings to elevate concerns that as society increasingly relies upon LLMs for immediate convenience, long-term brain development may be sacrificed in the process.

    The group that wrote essays using ChatGPT all delivered extremely similar essays that lacked original thought, relying on the same expressions and ideas. Two English teachers who assessed the essays called them largely “soulless” The EEGs revealed low executive control and attentional engagement. And by their third essay, many of the writers simply gave the prompt to ChatGPT and had it do almost all of the work. “It was more like, ‘just give me the essay, refine this sentence, edit it, and 'm done,” Kosmyna says.

    The brain-only group, conversely, showed the highest neural connectivity, especially in alpha, theta and delta bands, which are associated with creativity ideation, memory load, and semantic processing. Researchers found this group was more engaged and curious, and claimed ownership and expressed higher satisfaction with their essays.

    The third group, which used Google Search, also expressed high satisfaction and active brain function. The difference here is notable because many people now search for information within Al chatbots as opposed to Google Search.

    After writing the three essays, the subjects were then asked to re-write one of their previous efforts—but the ChatGPT group had to do so without the tool, while the brain-only group could now use ChatGPT. The first group remembered little of their own essays, and showed weaker alpha and theta brain waves, which likely reflected a bypassing of deep memory processes.

    The second group, in contrast, performed well, exhibiting a significant increase in brain connectivity across all EEG frequency bands. This gives rise to the hope that Al, if used properly, could enhance learning as opposed to diminishing it.

Adapted from: TIME in [Accessed on 15th July 2025]. 
How did the essays written by the ChatGPT group compare to those written by the other groups, according to the teachers? 
Alternativas
Respostas
21: E
22: A
23: B
24: D
25: E
26: E
27: B
28: B
29: C
30: B
31: C
32: E
33: A
34: A
35: C
36: B
37: C
38: B
39: B
40: C
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