The big idea: why we need a new definition of junk food
Ultra-processed products now make up 60% of our diet – and they’re killing us
Strange as it may seem, food has replaced tobacco as the leading cause of early death globally. Each year,more people die in America from illnesses caused by poor diet than were killed fighting in every war in US history combined. In the UK the situation is equally 1. dire. Officially, the health effects of food are entirely due to its nutritional content – the amount of fat, salt, sugar and fibre it contains. The current system leaves it up to you to read the detailed information on the pack and decide how much to eat based on recommended values, and if you have children, you’ll need to know the values for them too. This is nigh-on impossible for most people – but even if you were able to calculate exactly how much fat, salt and sugar you were consuming in each 2. mouthful, you would still be neglecting one vital determinant of health – how the food was processed. You might feel like you’ve heard all this before. People have expressed concern about “processed food” for a long time, but it’s not always been an easy concept to 3. pin down. After all, we have been processing food for hundreds of thousands of years. The human diet was invented by primarily female domestic scientists who modified plants and animals by milling, shaking, pounding and grinding them, or altering them via fermentation and heat, before salting, smoking and drying them for preservation. Food processing has shaped almost every aspect of our bodies: we have the shortest guts of any animal our size because part of their job is outsourced to our kitchens. We are the only animal that must process its food to survive. Processing is fine.
But just over a decade ago a team of scientists in Brazil noticed a 4. paradox in the data from their national nutrition surveys. Obesity had gone from being rare, to being the country’s dominant public health problem – even though people were buying less oil and sugar. What theywere eating more of was industrially processed food: biscuits, emulsified breads, confectionary and so on. The team developed a definition that distinguished between traditional food, whole or processed, and these items, which they termed ultra processed foods, or UPFs for short.
Disponible in: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/may/15/the-big-idea-why-we-need-a-new-definition-of-junk-food. Access in: May, 15 2023 (adapted).

Choose the alternative whose bold words have similar meanings in the sentences.

In the second paragraph, the author mentions three principles we can count on in our life and work. Each is presented in a separate paragraph, along lines 09 to 21. The words that best represent the topic of each of the three paragraphs, respectively, are:

The alternative that presents three verbs that can relate to the message of Text 2 is

The words that fill in the blanks correctly in Text 2 are, respectively,

The verb forms “fosters” (line 24) and “cracking down” (line 25), and the adjective “small-time” (line 25), in the context, mean, respectively,

The word “loophole” (line 31), in this context, denotes

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo ‘“World leaders should take heed”’, a expressão sublinhada pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por

Consider the following propositions for rephrasing the sentence Melodramatic novels named after female protagonists became unlikely bestsellers (l. 52-54).

I - Overemotional books with titles inspired by their heroines became unexpected bestsellers.
II - Melodramatic soap operas titled later than their female characters became surprising bestsellers.
III- Sensational stories with feminine characters more relevant than the titles became dislikable bestsellers.

If applied to the text, which ones would be correct and keep the literal meaning?

Select the alternative that offers adequate synonyms to the words kin (l. 05), parochial (l. 31), and heyday (l. 46) as used in the text. 

A expressão start afresh (l. 75-76) pode ser substituída, sem prejuízo do sentido que tem no texto, por

Associe as palavras da coluna da esquerda às suas respectivas traduções, na coluna da direita, de acordo com o sentido que têm no texto.

( ) gaunt (l. 37)
( ) mutter (l. 49)
( ) pretending (l. 74)

1. resmungo
2. magro
3. pretender
4. queixa
5. fingir
6. altivo

A sequência correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é

No trecho do quarto parágrafo “‘We’re really sort of empowering the consumer and fashion’”, a expressão sublinhada significa, no contexto em questão,

In the excerpt “you can help to support them”, the underlined word can be replaced, without meaning change, by

No título do pôster “I have dementia but I’m still me”, o termo sublinhado foi empregado com o mesmo sentido em: 

No trecho do segundo parágrafo “with Generation Z respondents more likely to feel the pressure”, o termo sublinhado equivale, em português, a 

“Likely” in “Physicians […] will likely be in the best position to deliver optimal care” (2^nd paragraph) introduces a

The text implies that, in today’s medicine, technology should be

Na frase “But typical models exhaust their stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum output, and—as every smartphone owner knows—their capacity dwindles with each recharge.” (2º parágrafo), “dwindles” poderia ser substituído, sem prejuízo de sentido, por