Questões de Vestibular
Sobre vocabulário | vocabulary em inglês
Foram encontradas 574 questões
Ano: 2023
Banca:
PUC - RS
Órgão:
PUC - RS
Provas:
PUC - RS - 2022 - PUC - RS - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre - Medicina
|
PUC - RS - 2023 - PUC - RS - Vestibular - Medicina |
Q2092708
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO 1
Asylum-seeker smuggling is a
symptom, not a root cause
Robert Falconer/Craig D. Smith - Jan 31, 2022
Source: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/
article-asylum-seeker-smuggling-is-a-symptom-not-a-root-cause/
The verb forms “fosters” (line 24) and “cracking down”
(line 25), and the adjective “small-time” (line 25), in
the context, mean, respectively,
Ano: 2023
Banca:
PUC - RS
Órgão:
PUC - RS
Provas:
PUC - RS - 2022 - PUC - RS - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre - Medicina
|
PUC - RS - 2023 - PUC - RS - Vestibular - Medicina |
Q2092705
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO 1
Asylum-seeker smuggling is a
symptom, not a root cause
Robert Falconer/Craig D. Smith - Jan 31, 2022
Source: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/
article-asylum-seeker-smuggling-is-a-symptom-not-a-root-cause/
The word “loophole” (line 31), in this context, denotes
Q4204756
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
World’s happiest ranking goes to
Finland for fifth year in a row
People enjoy sunny weather on the waterfront in Helsinki.
Finland was crowned the happiest country in the world for
the fifth consecutive year, with a score significantly ahead of its
peers in the World Happiness Report 2022 ranking, published
by a body linked to the United Nations. However, the authors
detected, on average, a long-term moderate upward trend in
stress, worry, and sadness in most countries, as well as “a
slight long-term decline in the enjoyment of life,” they wrote.
The report uses global survey data to report on how
people evaluate their own lives in more than 150 countries
around the world, with the ranking based on a three-year
average. Key variables that contribute to explaining people’s
life evaluations include healthy life expectancy, generosity,
social support, freedom to make life choices, perceptions of
corruption, and the gross domestic product per capita (an
indicator that measures a country’s economic output per
person, that is calculated by dividing the total gross domestic
product of a country by its population).
“World leaders should take heed,” Jeffrey Sachs, director
of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia
University, said. “Politics should be directed as the great
sages long ago insisted: to the well-being of the people, not
the power of the rulers.”
(Kati Pohjanpalo. www.bloomberg.com, 18.03.2022. Adaptado.)
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo ‘“World leaders should take
heed”’, a expressão sublinhada pode ser substituída, sem
alteração de sentido, por
Q4162969
Inglês
Texto associado
Instrução: A questão está relacionadas ao texto abaixo.
Adapted from: PINKER, S. The better angels of our
nature: why violence has declined.
London: Viking Penguin, 2011.
Consider the following propositions for rephrasing the sentence Melodramatic novels named after
female protagonists became unlikely bestsellers (l. 52-54).
I - Overemotional books with titles inspired by their heroines became unexpected bestsellers.
II - Melodramatic soap operas titled later than their female characters became surprising bestsellers.
III- Sensational stories with feminine characters more relevant than the titles became dislikable bestsellers.
If applied to the text, which ones would be correct and keep the literal meaning?
I - Overemotional books with titles inspired by their heroines became unexpected bestsellers.
II - Melodramatic soap operas titled later than their female characters became surprising bestsellers.
III- Sensational stories with feminine characters more relevant than the titles became dislikable bestsellers.
If applied to the text, which ones would be correct and keep the literal meaning?
Q4162966
Inglês
Texto associado
Instrução: A questão está relacionadas ao texto abaixo.
Adapted from: PINKER, S. The better angels of our
nature: why violence has declined.
London: Viking Penguin, 2011.
Select the alternative that offers adequate synonyms to the words kin (l. 05), parochial (l. 31), and
heyday (l. 46) as used in the text.
Q4162962
Inglês
Texto associado
Instrução: A questão está relacionadas ao texto abaixo.
Adaptado de: ADICHIE, C. N.
Cell One. In: The thing around your neck.
New York / Toronto: Harper Collins, 2009.
A expressão start afresh (l. 75-76) pode ser substituída, sem prejuízo do sentido que tem no texto,
por
Q4162961
Inglês
Texto associado
Instrução: A questão está relacionadas ao texto abaixo.
Adaptado de: ADICHIE, C. N.
Cell One. In: The thing around your neck.
New York / Toronto: Harper Collins, 2009.
Associe as palavras da coluna da esquerda às suas respectivas traduções, na coluna da direita, de
acordo com o sentido que têm no texto.
( ) gaunt (l. 37)
( ) mutter (l. 49)
( ) pretending (l. 74)
1. resmungo
2. magro
3. pretender
4. queixa
5. fingir
6. altivo
A sequência correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é
( ) gaunt (l. 37)
( ) mutter (l. 49)
( ) pretending (l. 74)
1. resmungo
2. magro
3. pretender
4. queixa
5. fingir
6. altivo
A sequência correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é
Q4149994
Inglês
Texto associado
Aarav Chavda has been diving off the coast of Florida
for years. Each time he became increasingly depressed by
the ever-growing empty spaces, as colourful species of fish
and coral reefs continued to disappear. A significant reason
for that disappearance is the lionfish, an invasive species that
has boomed in Atlantic waters from Florida to the Caribbean
in recent decades, and in numerous other places from Brazil
and Mexico to the Mediterranean.
Lionfish have no natural predators outside their native
range — in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and the Red Sea —
and are all-consuming, devouring an estimated 79% of young
marine life within five weeks of entering a coral reef system.
“You can see the impacts on the reefs when you dive now
— it’s less vibrant, it’s less noisy,” Chavda said. “We know
there are solutions for some of the problems — such as coral-
-friendly sunscreens to help protect the reefs — but nobody’s
been able to do anything about the lionfish.”
So Chavda and a team of ecologically aware fellow
scuba enthusiasts decided to act by establishing a company
called Inversa, which turns lionfish into a new product: fish
leather. Chavda, 27, and his childhood friend from Texas,
Roland Salatino, set up the Florida-based company to make
the leather. They process the fish hides1
by tanning them
with drying agents and dye them before selling the leather to
partner companies to fashion into high-end products including
wallets, belts and handbags. Fish skin is thin but, because
the fibre structure runs crossways, it is stronger than many
other types of leather. Each hide, Chavda says, can save up
to 70,000 native reef fish.
The hides are also more sustainable than traditional
animal leathers, which generally require grazing on huge
amounts of pasture — degrading soils and producing high
carbon emissions. Inversa does not hunt the lionfish itself.
Instead, it relies on educating and encouraging largely poor
fishermen and women in often remote places to catch them.
“We’re really sort of empowering the consumer and fashion
by doing something for the planet — then we empower dive
communities in fishing cooperatives to do something for
themselves,” Chavda said.
(Richard Luscombe. www.theguardian.com, 12.06.2022. Adaptado.)
1
hide: an animal’s skin used to make leather
No trecho do quarto parágrafo “‘We’re really sort of
empowering the consumer and fashion’”, a expressão
sublinhada significa, no contexto em questão,
Ano: 2022
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
FAMERP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2022 - FAMERP - Vestibular - Conhecimentos Gerais |
Q4146221
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o pôster de uma campanha do grupo “Dementia Together
Northern Ireland” para responder à questão.
(www.publichealth.hscni.net, 20.01.2017.)
In the excerpt “you can help to support them”, the underlined
word can be replaced, without meaning change, by
Ano: 2022
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
FAMERP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2022 - FAMERP - Vestibular - Conhecimentos Gerais |
Q4146220
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o pôster de uma campanha do grupo “Dementia Together
Northern Ireland” para responder à questão.
(www.publichealth.hscni.net, 20.01.2017.)
No título do pôster “I have dementia but I’m still me”, o termo
sublinhado foi empregado com o mesmo sentido em:
Ano: 2022
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
FAMERP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2022 - FAMERP - Vestibular - Conhecimentos Gerais |
Q4146214
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Daters are astonished by the high prices of wining and
dining a romantic interest with inflation at its highest rate
in over 40 years. The consumer price index category for
food away from home rose 7.7% in June 2022 from a year
earlier, while full-service restaurants climbed 8.9%. For those
testing the waters with a cocktail or two, prices for alcoholic
beverages rose by 4%.
Those searching for love say they’re feeling the pain.
Among 3,000 users on the popular dating app Hinge, almost
41% said they were more concerned with the cost of dates
now versus a year ago, with Generation Z respondents more
likely to feel the pressure. Emily Derby, a 27-year-old in Tulsa,
Oklahoma, said her dating costs have doubled from $200 to
$400 a month.
As costs escalate, some singles are scaling back and
being more selective about the dates they’re going on, while
others are pausing their search for “the one” entirely. On dating
site OKCupid, 34% of 70,000 users reported that inflation was
impacting their love life.
“In the fall of 2020, I was going on dates left and right
not really thinking about the costs,” said Seth Rosenberg, a
25-year-old in Philadelphia. “Now, it’s harder to be excited
because if a date goes bad, you’re out anywhere from $50
to $100.”
Those still in the dating game have both love and money
on the mind. New York City-based dating coach Amy Nobile
said even her wealthy clients, many of whom pay $15,000 for
a four-month program, are trying to cut their dating costs in
half. Clients who would typically spend as much as $150 on a
date are seeing if they can get away with $75 or less.
“People are feeling rising prices,” she said. “For those in
the long game to find a partner, they feel like they really need
to monitor their money flow in the dating world.” As a result,
people are on the hunt for less expensive options, said Logan
Ury, director of relationship science at Hinge.
(Paulina Cachero. www.bloomberg.com, 21.07.2022. Adaptado.)
No trecho do segundo parágrafo “with Generation Z
respondents more likely to feel the pressure”, o termo sublinhado equivale, em português, a
Q4142182
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the following text and answer the question.
The “Modern Physician” needs to embrace technology
February 12, 2021
Veronica Diaz, MD
Even before the COVID-19 pandemic forced health systems
and private practices to implement technology solutions such as
telehealth, the evolution toward a more tech-savvy healthcare
experience was firmly underway. The days of carting paper charts
and hard film x-rays has been broadly supplanted with cloudbased electronic health records and digital Picture Archiving
Communications Systems (PACS). The pandemic has made those
previously reticent to adopt technology wake up to its necessity.
Practicing medicine today requires a higher degree of
technical literacy than ever before, and the challenges of the
pandemic have only reinforced and accelerated that trend. We
have reached an inflection point in the industry where clinical
expertise is not the only prerequisite for a successful career.
Physicians who familiarize, vet, and incorporate new technology
into their practices will likely be in the best position to deliver
optimal care.
From: https://www.physicianspractice.com/view/
the-modern-physician-needs-to-embrace-technology
“Likely” in “Physicians […] will likely be in the best position to
deliver optimal care” (2nd paragraph) introduces a
Q4142180
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the following text and answer the question.
The “Modern Physician” needs to embrace technology
February 12, 2021
Veronica Diaz, MD
Even before the COVID-19 pandemic forced health systems
and private practices to implement technology solutions such as
telehealth, the evolution toward a more tech-savvy healthcare
experience was firmly underway. The days of carting paper charts
and hard film x-rays has been broadly supplanted with cloudbased electronic health records and digital Picture Archiving
Communications Systems (PACS). The pandemic has made those
previously reticent to adopt technology wake up to its necessity.
Practicing medicine today requires a higher degree of
technical literacy than ever before, and the challenges of the
pandemic have only reinforced and accelerated that trend. We
have reached an inflection point in the industry where clinical
expertise is not the only prerequisite for a successful career.
Physicians who familiarize, vet, and incorporate new technology
into their practices will likely be in the best position to deliver
optimal care.
From: https://www.physicianspractice.com/view/
the-modern-physician-needs-to-embrace-technology
The text implies that, in today’s medicine, technology should be
Ano: 2022
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
UNB
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - UNB - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q2032751
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the following infographic.
Internet: <www.vricares.com> (adapted)
Based on the infographic presented, judge the follow item.
In section 1, it would be correct to use Exercising instead of “Exercise”, which, despite causing a slight difference in meaning, would not change the message conveyed.
In section 1, it would be correct to use Exercising instead of “Exercise”, which, despite causing a slight difference in meaning, would not change the message conveyed.
Q1994358
Inglês
Texto associado
The expression “dark doldrums” chills the hearts of
renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls
when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds,
night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can
generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar
cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless.
The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on
renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for
individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that
can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong “wind drought,” and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of
consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that
want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious
solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile
phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to
make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their
stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum
output, and—as every smartphone owner knows—their
capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is
expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer
discharges.
We already have one kind of renewable energy storage:
more than ninety per cent of the world’s energy-storage
capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called
pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp
increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill
from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the
water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating
power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent
battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted
as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of
pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find,
permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and
expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy
storage.
The New Yorker. Abril, 2022. Adaptado.
Na frase “But typical models exhaust their stored energy after
only three or four hours of maximum output, and—as every
smartphone owner knows—their capacity dwindles with each
recharge.” (2º parágrafo), “dwindles” poderia ser substituído,
sem prejuízo de sentido, por
Ano: 2021
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
UNESP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204431
Inglês
Texto associado
Examine os gráficos e leia o texto para responder à questão.
Educated Americans live longer, as others die younger
(Anne Case and Angus Deaton. “Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for
those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial
gaps have narrowed”. PNAS, 2021. Adaptado.)
A 25-year-old American with a university degree can
expect to live almost a decade longer than a contemporary who
dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long
known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education
gap is less well documented — and is especially marked in
rich countries. And whereas the average American’s expected
span has been flat in recent years — and, strikingly, even
fell between 2015 and 2017 — that of the one-third with a
bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.
This disparity in life expectancy is growing, according to
new research published in the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences. Using data from nearly 50m death
certificates filed between 1990 and 2018, Anne Case and
Angus Deaton of Princeton University analysed differences
in life expectancy by sex, race, ethnicity and education. They
found that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s
degree started to diverge in the 1990s and 2000s. This gap grew even wider in the 2010s as the life expectancy of
degree-holders continued to rise while that of other Americans
got shorter.
What is the link between schooling and longevity? Some
argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles:
each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a
smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn
more, which in turn is associated with greater health. Ms
Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labour markets,
including the rise of automation and increased demand for
highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of
employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply
of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be
contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide
and other “deaths of despair”.
(www.economist.com,17.03.2021. Adaptado.)
In the excerpt from the first paragraph “and, strikingly, even
fell between 2015 and 2017”, the underlined word means
Ano: 2021
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
UNESP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204416
Inglês
Examine o meme publicado pela comunidade “The Language
Nerds” em sua conta no Facebook em 07.04.2021.
Para obter seu efeito de humor, o meme explora a ambiguidade do termo
Para obter seu efeito de humor, o meme explora a ambiguidade do termo
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CECIERJ
Órgão:
CEDERJ
Prova:
CECIERJ - 2021 - CEDERJ - Vestibular - Língua Inglesa - 2022.1 |
Q1859703
Inglês
TEXT 2
Available from: www.nature.com/naturemedicine. Access: 10 Oct. 2021. Adapted.
The linking word “although” (underlined in two sentences of the text) establishes a contrast
between ideas, and it may be replaced by “but”. The alternative which correctly expresses the
ideas which are contrasted in the two sentences is:
Q1858894
Inglês
Texto associado
If you take a look at my smartphone, you’ll know that I like to order out. But am I helping the small local businesses? You would think that if you own a restaurant you’d be thrilled to have an outsourced service that would take care of your delivery operations while leveraging their marketing might to expand your businesses’ brand. However, restaurant owners have complained of lack of quality control once their food goes out the door. They don’t like that the delivery people are the face of their product when it gets into the customer’s hand. Some of the delivery services have been accused of listing restaurants on their apps without the owners’ permission, and oftentimes publish menu items and prices that are incorrect or out of date.
But there is another reason why restaurant owners aren’t fond of delivery services. It’s the costs, which, for some, are becoming unsustainable. Even with the increased revenues from the delivery services, the fees wind up killing a restaurant’s margins to the extent that it’s at best marginally profitable. Therefore, some restaurants are pushing harder to drive orders from their own websites and offering special deals for customers that use their in-house delivery people.
The simple fact is that these delivery apps are here to stay. They are enormously popular and have significantly grown. I believe that restaurant owners that resist these apps are hurting their brands by missing out on potential customers. The good news is that the delivery platforms are not as evil as some would portray them. They have some skin in the game. They are competing against other services. They want their listed restaurants to profit. Maybe instead of fighting, the nation’s restaurant industry needs to proactively embrace the delivery service industry and figure out ways to profitably work together.
The Guardian. 02 December, 2020. Adaptado.
Em “I believe that restaurant owners that resist these apps are
hurting their brands by missing out on potential customers”
(3º parágrafo), a expressão sublinhada pode ser substituída,
sem prejuízo de sentido, por:
Ano: 2021
Banca:
UNIFESP
Órgão:
UNIFESP
Prova:
UNIFESP - 2021 - UNIFESP - Vestibular - 1º Dia - Língua Portuguesa/ Língua Inglesa / Redação |
Q1682919
Inglês
Texto associado
Remember the good old days, when you could have a
heated-yet-enjoyable debate with your friends about things
that didn’t matter that much — times when you could be a true
fan of the Manchester United soccer team when you didn’t
come from the city of Manchester?
How things have changed.
Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of culture wars.
1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’
The first is to consider how inclined people are to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in which people approach contentious issues. Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a decoupler might consider in isolation the question of whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and parental choice.
2.____________________
How things have changed.
Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of culture wars.
1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’
The first is to consider how inclined people are to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in which people approach contentious issues. Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a decoupler might consider in isolation the question of whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and parental choice.
2.____________________
Most of us are deeply committed to our beliefs, especially
concerning moral and social issues, such that when we’re
presented with facts that contradict our beliefs, we often
choose to dismiss those facts, rather than update our beliefs.
A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users post their views on an issue and invite others to persuade them to change their mind. The researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were more likely to change their mind when confronted with more evidence-based arguments. “Our work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s arguments can convince people to change their minds,” they concluded.
3. Just be nicer?
Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s positions. We should do this not just for virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that kind of a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more constructive disagreements — even in our present very difficult times.
A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users post their views on an issue and invite others to persuade them to change their mind. The researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were more likely to change their mind when confronted with more evidence-based arguments. “Our work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s arguments can convince people to change their minds,” they concluded.
3. Just be nicer?
Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s positions. We should do this not just for virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that kind of a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more constructive disagreements — even in our present very difficult times.
(Christian Jarrett. www.bbc.com, 14.10.2020. Adaptado.)
No trecho do último parágrafo “we will all be inclined to be”, o
termo sublinhado indica uma
Conheça nossos planos