Questões de Concurso
Sobre sinônimos | synonyms em inglês
Foram encontradas 1.624 questões
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP - Professor de Educação Básica II (Língua Estrangeira Moderna - Inglês) |
Q4227840
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Through practice and experience in an increasingly
wide range of communicative contexts and events, learners
gradually expand their communicative competence, consisting
of grammatical competence, discourse competence,
sociocultural competence and strategic competence. All these
components are interrelated. An increase in one component
interacts with other components to produce a corresponding
increase in overall communicative competence.
Grammatical competence refers to sentence-level
grammatical form, the ability to recognize the lexical,
morphological, syntactic and phonological feature of a
language and to make use of these features to interpret
and form words and whole sentences. One demonstrates
grammatical competence not by stating a rule but by using a
rule in the interpretation, expression or negotiation of meaning.
Discourse competence is concerned not with isolated
words or phrases but with the interconnectedness of a series
of utterances, written words and/or phrases to build a text,
a meaningful whole. Two familiar concepts to talk about
discourse competence are text coherence and cohesion. Text
coherence is the relation of all sentences or utterances in a text
to a single global proposition. Local connections or structural
links between individual sentences provide cohesion.
Sociocultural competence extends well beyond linguistic
forms and is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry having to do with
the social rules of language use.
Sociocultural competence
requires an understanding of the social context where
language is used: the roles of the participants, the information
they share, and the function of the interation. And although we
are far from an adequate description of sociocultural rules of
appropriateness, we use them to communicate successfully in
many different contexts of situation. Sociocultural competence
also includes a willingness to suspend judgement and take
into consideration the possibility of cultural differences in
convention and use. Thus the importance of the term cultural
flexibility or cultural awareness.
The ‘’ideal native speaker,’’ someone who knows a
language perfectly and uses it appropriately in all social
interactions, exists in theory only. None of us knows all there is
to know of English in its many manifestations, both around the
world and in our own backyards. Communicative competence
is always relative. The coping strategies we use in unfamiliar
contexts, with constraints due to imperfect knowledge of
rules or limiting factors in their application such as fatigue or
distraction, are represented as strategic competence. With
practice and experience, we gain in grammatical, discourse,
and socio-cultural competence. The relative importance of
strategic competence thus decreases. However, the effective
use of coping strategies is important for communicative
competence in all contexts and distinguishes highly competent
communicators from those who are less so.
(Sandra J. Savignon. Communicative language teaching for the
twenty-first century. IN: Marianne Celce-Murcia. Teaching English as a
second or foreign language. Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle.
3rd edition. 2002. Adaptado)
At the lexical level, competence includes the recognition
and use of longer stretches of language such as the
underlined expression in “an interdisciplinary field of
inquiry having to do with the social rules of language
use”. The same meaning for the expression is found in
alternative:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
OBJETIVA
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Butiá - RS
Prova:
OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Butiá - RS - Professor Língua Inglesa |
Q4205820
Inglês
Texto associado
Your Brain Could Be Controlling How Sick You Get - And How
You Recover
Hundreds of scientists around the world are looking
for ways to treat heart attacks. But few started where Hedva
Haykin has: in the brain. Doctor Haykin wants to know
whether stimulating a region of the brain involved in positive
emotion and motivation can influence how the heart heals.
Late last year, in a small, ____________ microscope
room, she pulled out slides from a thin black box, one by
one. On them were slices of hearts, no bigger than pumpkin
seeds, from mice that had experienced heart attacks. Under
a microscope, some of the samples were clearly marred by
scars left in the aftermath of the infarction. Others showed
mere ____________ of damage visible among streaks of
healthy, red-stained cells.
The difference in the hearts’ appearance originated in
the brain, Haykin explains. The healthier-looking samples
came from mice that had received stimulation of a brain
area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Those
marked with scars were from unstimulated mice. On the
basis of her experiments so far, which have not yet been
published, activation of this brain reward centre — called
the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to trigger
immune changes that contribute to the reduction of scar
__________.
(Fonte: Scientific American - adaptado.)
In “Doctor Haykin wants to know whether stimulating a
region of the brain involved in positive emotion and
motivation can influence how the heart heals”, the
underlined word can be substituted without loss of meaning
by:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
OBJETIVA
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Novo Itacolomi - PR
Prova:
OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Novo Itacolomi - PR - Professor de Língua Inglesa |
Q4204830
Inglês
Texto associado
Life just might exist on Mars after all
The red planet may have once been home to an
abundance of microbes. New studies suggest it's possible
that some hardy microbes managed to survive underground
in a frozen state.
About 3.5 billion years ago, two of the planets that
orbited the sun may have had biospheres of similar bulk.
One, Earth, evolved in a way that allowed life to flourish and
splinter into endless forms most beautiful. Mars, the other
world, followed a different path.
Today the Martian surface is hostile to life as we
know it, but as this scientific story goes, Mars may have once
hosted a rich abundance of microbes. Residing in the
planet’s briny underworld and shielded from the lethal
radiation that bathes the surface, these organisms could
have grown in nooks and ____________, multiplying until
their collective heft rivaled Earth’s cache of life. Called
methanogens, Mars’s microbes would have inhaled
atmospheric hydrogen and carbon dioxide and exhaled
methane gas - and in a twist, they may have turned out to be
their own worst enemy.
Over time, their growing, insatiable appetite would
have robbed the Martian atmosphere of hydrogen - a
powerful greenhouse gas during the planet’s early days -
ultimately casting a deadly freeze over the planet and
driving microbial populations into deeper, warmer crannies.
How long those burrowing microbes could have survived in
the deep is unknown. It’s possible they were only a shortlived flash of life on an otherwise sterile world.
“Maybe extinction is the cosmic default of life in the
universe,” says Boris Sauterey of the Institut de Biologie de
l’Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. “It’s not the process of
life ____________ that is limiting; it’s life maintaining itself
that is limiting.”
But perhaps, more than 30 feet beneath the surface
and encased in ice, these ancient single-celled organisms
achieved a state of dormancy - a sort of cryopreserved
slumber, ready to perk up when more life-friendly conditions
arise.
The Martian interior may not be as lifeless as its
face. It could host a world of alien organisms that are
capable of waiting thousands of years between each turn of
their metabolic engines.
This ____________ may sound farfetched, but
recent results from scientists modeling the habitability of
ancient Mars and studying the hardiness of microbes in labs
and beneath our own planet’s surface all point in the same
direction: It’s a long shot, but it’s possible life evolved on
Mars and still exists. And scientists may just find signs of that
life when meteors barrel into Mars and excavate buried
layers of ice, or when new spacecraft arrive to plumb this
underground realm.
(Fonte: National Geographic - adaptado.)
In “It could host a world of alien organisms...”, the
underlined word can be substituted without loss of meaning
by:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
CIJUN - SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Designer de UX Pleno |
Q4198362
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Information Security (InfoSec) defined
Information security, often abbreviated InfoSec, is a set of security procedures and tools that broadly protect sensitive enterprise information from misuse, unauthorized access, disruption, or destruction. InfoSec encompasses physical and environmental security, access control, and cybersecurity. It often includes technologies like cloud access security brokers (CASB), deception tools, endpoint detection and response (EDR), and security testing for DevOps (DevSecOps), among others.
Key elements of information security
InfoSec comprises a range of security tools, solutions, and processes that keep enterprise information secure across devices and locations, helping to protect against cyberattacks or other disruptive events.
• Application security - Policies, procedures, tools, and best practices enacted to protect applications and their data.w
• Cloud security - Policies, procedures, tools, and best practices enacted to protect all aspects of the cloud, including systems, data, applications, and infrastructure.
• Cryptography - An algorithm-based method of securing communication meant to ensure only intended recipients of a specific message can view and decipher it.
• Disaster recovery - A method to reestablish functional technological systems in the wake of an event like a natural disaster, cyberattack, or another disruptive event.
• Incident response - An organization’s plan for responding to, remediating, and managing the aftermath of a cyberattack, data breach, or another disruptive event.
• Infrastructure security - Security that encompasses an organization’s entire technological infrastructure, including both hardware and software systems.
• Vulnerability management - The process an organization takes to identify, assess, and remediate vulnerabilities in its endpoints, software, and systems.
Three pillars of information security: the CIA triad
Confidentiality, integrity, and availability make up the cornerstones of strong information protection, creating the basis for an enterprise’s security infrastructure. The CIA triad offers these three concepts as guiding principles for implementing an InfoSec plan.
Confidentiality
Privacy is a major component of InfoSec, and organizations should enact measures that allow only authorized users access to information. Data encryption, multi-factor authentication, and data loss prevention are some of the tools enterprises can employ to help ensure data confidentiality.
Integrity
Enterprises must maintain data’s integrity across its entire lifecycle. Enterprises with strong InfoSec will recognize the importance of accurate, reliable data, and permit no unauthorized user to access, alter, or otherwise interfere with it. Tools like file permissions, identity management, and user access controls help ensure data integrity.
Availability
InfoSec involves consistently maintaining physical hardware and regularly completing system upgrades to guarantee that authorized users have dependable, consistent access to data as they need it.
(www.microsoft.com/en-ww/security/business/security-101/ what-is-information-security-infosec#:~:text=Information%20 security%2C%20often%20abbreviated%20(InfoSec,access%2C%20 disruption%2C%20or%20destruction. Adaptado.)
No trecho do item Availability “authorized users have
dependable, consistent access to data as they need it”,
o termo destacado em negrito pode ser substituído, sem
alteração de sentido, por
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
CIJUN - SP
Provas:
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Analista de TI Junior (Infraestrutura e Serviços de Rede)
|
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Arquiteto de Redes Pleno |
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Engenheiro de Telecomunicações Pleno |
Q4197926
Inglês
Texto associado
Advantages of wireless technology
Wireless communications offer several cost and connectivity benefits for organizations. The rapid rise of remote work – fuelled in part by the pandemic that began in 2020 – has created an environment where employees demand high-performance access to network resources regardless of where they might be.
Wireless networks can be less expensive to build and maintain since they require fewer switches and other components required by wired infrastructures. New wireless standards – especially among them multiuser, multiple input and multiple output – enable physical Access Points (APs) to serve a greater number of users, further reducing costs.
Wireless technologies also support novel services, among them location tracking, Internet of Things (IoT) deployments and remote diagnostics. Finally, advances in wireless performance enable organizations to stress mobility as a primary benefit, thus helping them redefine how they design their offices and workgroups.
(www.techtarget.com/searchmobilecomputing/definition/wireless. Adaptado)
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “ where they might be”,
o termo destacado em negrito pode ser substituído, sem
alteração de sentido, por
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CONSULPAM
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Teutônia - RS
Prova:
CONSULPAM - 2023 - Prefeitura de Teutônia - RS - Professor Anos Finais - Inglês |
Q4162850
Inglês
Texto associado
Dutch government bans phones in schools The Dutch government has announced a ban ______01 mobile phones, tablets, and smartwatches in classrooms starting ______02 January 1, 2024.
The aim is to reduce distractions ______03 lessons and promote better concentration and studying opportunities for students. ______04, devices
_______________05 if they are specifically required for digital skills lessons, for medical reasons, or students with disabilities.
Education Minister Robbert Dijkgraaf ______06 that ______07 mobile phones are a significant part of ______08 lives, they are not suitable for the classroom, and scientific research ______09 this view.
The ban is the result of an agreement between the ministry, schools, and related organizations. Schools have the flexibility to implement the ban in their way, but if the desired outcomes ______10 achieved by the summer of 2024, legal rules ______11 enforced.
Source: https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/dutch government-bans-phones-in-schools-level-3/.
The underlined word “suitable” (3rd paragraph) could
be replaced in the sentence CORRECTLY and
without any major change in meaning for:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CONSULPAM
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Teutônia - RS
Prova:
CONSULPAM - 2023 - Prefeitura de Teutônia - RS - Professor Anos Finais - Inglês |
Q4162842
Inglês
Texto associado
Dutch government bans phones in schools The Dutch government has announced a ban ______01 mobile phones, tablets, and smartwatches in classrooms starting ______02 January 1, 2024.
The aim is to reduce distractions ______03 lessons and promote better concentration and studying opportunities for students. ______04, devices
_______________05 if they are specifically required for digital skills lessons, for medical reasons, or students with disabilities.
Education Minister Robbert Dijkgraaf ______06 that ______07 mobile phones are a significant part of ______08 lives, they are not suitable for the classroom, and scientific research ______09 this view.
The ban is the result of an agreement between the ministry, schools, and related organizations. Schools have the flexibility to implement the ban in their way, but if the desired outcomes ______10 achieved by the summer of 2024, legal rules ______11 enforced.
Source: https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/dutch government-bans-phones-in-schools-level-3/.
The underlined word “aim” (2nd paragraph) could be
replaced in the sentence CORRECTLY and without
any major change in meaning for:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Avança SP
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Louveira - SP
Prova:
Avança SP - 2023 - Prefeitura de Louveira - SP - Professor de Inglês |
Q3892731
Inglês
Disponível em: https://www.gocomics.com/calvinandhobbes/2015/12/31
In the context of Calvin's resolution, which term is most closely associated with "staying the course"?
Ano: 2023
Banca:
JCM CONCURSOS
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Carrancas - MG
Prova:
JCM CONCURSOS - 2023 - Prefeitura de Carrancas - MG - Professor de Inglês |
Q3714267
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
FUNNY BONE Laughter really is the best medicine
and should be prescribed on NHS, scientists say
(1º§) Chuckling along to comedy shows helps boost the
organ's ability to pump blood around the body, Brazilian
researchers found. They said laughter therapy should be
offered more widely on the NHS alongside drugs like
statins.
(2º§) Professor Marco Saffi, of the Hospital de Clinicas
de Porto Alegre, said: "People with heart disease could
be invited to comedy evenings. "People should try to do
things that make them laugh at least twice a week.
"Laughter is good for the brain and good for the heart.
Laughter therapy could be used in the future to help
patients with heart disease and help reduce dependence
on medication."
(3º§) Around 7.6million Brits have heart disease and
160,000 die from it every year. It occurs when the heart's
blood supply is blocked or interrupted by a build-up of
fatty substances in the coronary arteries, which can lead
to heart attacks. Symptoms include chest pain and
shortness of breath, and patients are also at risk of heart
failure.
(4º§) Drugs like statins can help and some patients need
surgery to widen the artery. The study, presented at the
European Society of Cardiology Congress in Amsterdam,
involved 26 adults with an average age of 64. They had
all been diagnosed with coronary artery disease, caused
by plaque buildup in the wall of the arteries that supply
blood to the heart. Half were asked to watch two different
hour-long comedy programmes each week, including
popular sitcoms, over three months. The other half
watched two different serious documentaries every week,
about topics such as politics or the Amazon rainforest.
(5º§) At the end of the study, the comedy group saw a 10
per cent improvement in their VO2 max, a test measuring
how much oxygen their heart could pump around the
body. Their flow-mediated dilation - a test which
measures how well arteries can expand - also improved.
They also had blood tests to measure several
inflammatory biomarkers, which indicate how much
plaque has built up in the blood vessels, and whether
people are at risk of heart attack or stroke.
(6º§) The laughter group saw significant reductions in
these inflammatory markers, compared to the control
group. Professor James Leiper, Associate Medical
Director at the British Heart Foundation, said: "While this
study reveals the interesting possibility that laughter
could in fact be a therapy for coronary artery disease, this
small trial will need to be replicated to get a better
understanding of how laughter therapy may be helping
these patients. "It's encouraging to see that something so
simple and widespread could benefit our health, but more
research is needed to determine whether laughter alone
led to the improvements seen, and how long the effects could last."
The Sun. (2023). Laughter therapy could protect against heart
disease. The Sun.
see/
s://www.thesun.co.uk/health/23672400/laughter-therapy-heart-disease/
What synonym could replace "invited" in the sentence
"People with heart disease could be invited to comedy
evenings" (2º§)?
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Instituto Avalia
Órgão:
SED-MS
Prova:
AVALIA - 2023 - SED-MS - Docente - Anos Finais - Língua Estrangeira - Língua Inglesa |
Q3700282
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the following text and answer the question.
Birmingham Festival praised in report
Birmingham Festival 23 had a positive
economic and cultural impact on the city,
according to a new report.
The free, nine-day outdoor event this
summer saw a footfall of 123,500, the Birmingham
City Council document found.
The festival in Centenary Park was made
up of 153 projects and performances from more
than 800 artists. It was created to mark the first
anniversary of the city hosting the Commonwealth
Games.
About 80% of attendees agreed with the
statement the event made them feel proud of their
local area, the report said.
Most people who visited - 85% - were from
Birmingham and the surrounding West Midlands.
Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3g23892drlo.
In the sentence "About 80% of attendees agreed
with the statement the event made them feel
proud of their local area, the report said", the verb
"agreed" has the same meaning as
Ano: 2023
Banca:
OBJETIVA
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São Pedro da Serra - RS
Prova:
OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de São Pedro da Serra - RS - Professor - Inglês |
Q3686227
Inglês
Texto associado
This ancient Greek warship ruled the Mediterranean
Fast, maneuverable, and dangerous, the trireme was
the most feared ship in ancient Greece. With powerful
bronze rams and the ability to turn on a dime, it would leave
enemy ships dead in the water by punching holes in their
sides or smashing their oars. In his Histories, Herodotus
writes how Greek naval dominance owed so much to the
brilliant use of triremes in battle.
In the fifth century B.C., Athenian shipyards had the
capacity for over 300 triremes, the most famous warships of
antiquity. The trireme—a term derived from the Greek
trieres, “three rows of oars”—was the result of the
continuous development of naval technology in the Greek
world. The epic poem Iliad (attributed to Homer, and written
in the eighth century B.C.) mentions ships called triaconters
and penteconters, vessels that were crewed by 30 or 50
men, respectively. Biremes, with two rows of oarsmen, are
recorded on eighth-century B.C. reliefs. At the beginning of
the seventh century B.C., accumulated experience led to
new technical advances, and the much more sophisticated
trireme model appeared.
(Fonte: National Geographic - adaptado.)
In “Biremes, with two rows of oarsmen, are recorded on
eighth-century B.C. reliefs”, the underlined word can be
substituted without loss of meaning by:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Avança SP
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Laranjal Paulista - SP
Prova:
Avança SP - 2023 - Prefeitura de Laranjal Paulista - SP - Professor de Educação Básica - PEB II - Inglês |
Q3679724
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the excerpt to answer question .
October 9th 1942
“Today I have nothing but dismal and depressing
news to report. Our many Jewish friends and
acquaintances are being taken away in droves.
The Gestapo is treating them very roughly and
transporting them in cattle cars to Westerbork,
the big camp in Drenthe to which they’re sending
all the Jews. Miep told us about someone who’d
managed to escape from there. It must be terrible
in Westerbork. The people get almost nothing to
eat, much less to drink, as water is available only
one hour a day, and there’s only one toilet and
sink for several thousand people. Men and
women sleep in the same room, and women and
children often have their heads shaved. Escape is
almost impossible; many people look Jewish,
and they’re branded by their shorn heads. If it’s
that bad in Holland, what must it be like in those
faraway and uncivilized places where the
Germans are sending them? We assume that most
of them are being murdered. The English radio
says they’re being gassed. Perhaps that’s the
quickest way to die. I feel terrible. Miep’s
accounts of these horrors are so heartrending…
Fine specimens of humanity, those Germans, and
to think I’m actually one of them! No, that’s not
true, Hitler took away our nationality long ago.
And besides, there are no greater enemies on
earth than the Germans and Jews.”
The Diary of Anne Frank 1942-1944
In the passage from Anne Frank's diary, what
synonym could replace the word "depressing"
without altering the meaning of the text?
Ano: 2023
Banca:
OBJETIVA
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Tupanciretã - RS
Prova:
OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Tupanciretã - RS - Professor – Língua Inglesa |
Q3674172
Inglês
In “The curious cat explored the garden with wide-eyed
wonder”, the underlined word can be substituted, without
loss of meaning, by:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Barra Bonita - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2023 - Prefeitura de Barra Bonita - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Inglês |
Q3671233
Inglês
The words "build" and "construct" have several
differences as to their application. Mark the alternative
where the application of one of the two verbs is
INCORRECT.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Creative Group
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Jardinópolis - SC
Prova:
Creative Group - 2023 - Prefeitura de Jardinópolis - SC - Professor PEB II - Língua Inglesa |
Q3668612
Inglês
Texto associado
Colombia deadliest country for environmentalists -
report
By Vanessa Buschschlüter
BBC News
Tuesday, September 13, 2023
At least 177 environmental activists were killed across
the world last year, a report by the non-governmental
organisation Global Witness suggests.
Sixty of the killings took place in Colombia, making it
the deadliest country for environmental defenders.
Global Witness says very few of the perpetrators of the
killings are ever brought to justice.
The group said in its report that the total number of those
killed in the country since it began recording data on
attacks on environmentalists in 2012 had amounted to at
least 382.
While that makes it the country with the highest number
of murders of green activists anywhere in the world,
other countries in Latin America also proved deadly.
Brazil recorded 34 murders of defenders of the
environment. Mexico 31 and Honduras 11. The Amazon
region saw 39 killings, with many of the victims from
indigenous communities.
"Research has shown again and again that Indigenous
peoples are the best guardians of the forests and therefore
play a fundamental role in mitigating the climate crisis,"
said Global Witness senior adviser Laura Furones.
Global witness said the full scale of the killings was
unknown, with a lack of independent monitoring and
restrictions on free press in many countries leading to an
underreporting of cases.
They have called on governments around the world to
urgently address the issue, adding that defenders were
also increasingly being subjected to legal efforts to
silence them.
(Adapted from washingtonpost.com)
In the 8th paragraph, senior adviser Laura Furones shares
about the importance of Indigenous people as guardians
of the forests.Without changing the meaning of the
sentence, which alternative can replace the word
mitigating in the sentence?
Ano: 2023
Banca:
OBJETIVA
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Candiota - RS
Prova:
OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Candiota - RS - Professor - Língua Portuguesa com Habilitação em Inglês |
Q3666120
Inglês
Texto associado
The world’s oldest map of the night sky was amazingly
accurate
Newly discovered fragments of 2,200-year-old star
coordinates—once thought lost—reveal the incredible skill
of the ancient astronomer Hipparchus.
Some 2,200 years ago, the Greek astronomer
Hipparchus helped ___________ a new way of
understanding the motions of the stars that persists to this
day. By imagining Earth at the center of a celestial sphere,
he used a coordinate system similar to latitude and
longitude, which had recently been devised, to measure the
precise positions of the stars.
“He was arguably the greatest ancient astronomer.
At least the greatest known to us by name,” says Victor
Gysembergh, a science historian at the French National
Center for Scientific Research.
Many ancient Greek scientists believed that Earth
was literally at the center of the universe, and the stars and
other celestial bodies rotated around it, although a model
with Earth orbiting the sun was ___________ in the 3rd
century B.C. Although this geocentric model is incorrect, the
concept, which Hipparchus used to create the first known
star catalog, is still used by scientists to map objects in the
sky.
Hipparchus’s star catalog is the oldest known
attempt to document the positions of as many objects in the
night sky as possible, and it was the first time that two
coordinates were used to pinpoint each object’s location.
But that original catalog is lost to time, and we know of it
only thanks to the writings of later scientists such as
Ptolemy, who created his own star catalog around 150 A.D.
and attributed an earlier one to Hipparchus. Until now, the
oldest evidence for stellar coordinates from Hipparchus was
an 8th-century A.D. Latin translation of a poem about the
constellations that includes the coordinates as a kind of
annotation.
Gysembergh and his ___________ recently
revealed even older evidence of star coordinates from
Hipparchus in a 5th- or 6th-century A.D. Greek version of the
same poem, Phenomena, originally written by the Greek
poet Aratus in the 3rd century B.C. The poem, along with the
accompanying star coordinates, had been erased from a
reused medieval parchment and was recovered only through
multispectral imaging, which uses different wavelengths of
light to highlight the removed text.
The coordinates for the four stars to the farthest
north, south, east, and west of the constellation Corona
Borealis are included, though one of them could not be
recovered from the manuscript. They were found to be
accurate to within one degree of modern values—a
remarkable achievement for someone working about 1,700
years before the invention of the telescope.
(Fonte: National Geographic - adaptado.)
In “Newly discovered fragments of 2,200-year-old star
coordinates—once thought lost—reveal the incredible skill
of the ancient astronomer Hipparchus”, the underlined word
can be substituted without loss of meaning by:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Creative Group
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Tubarão - SC
Prova:
Creative Group - 2023 - Prefeitura de Tubarão - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa |
Q3637149
Inglês
Texto associado
EUA vetam apelo do Conselho de Segurança por "pausa humanitária" na guerra entre Israel e Hamas
Por Caitlin Hu e Richard Roth, CNN Atualizado às 14h41 EDT, quarta-feira, 18 de outubro de 2023
Os Estados Unidos vetaram um projeto de resolução no Conselho de Segurança da ONU que pedia uma pausa humanitária na Gaza sitiada, gerando mais críticas à paralisia política no poderoso organismo global.
O breve projeto de resolução, proposto pelo Brasil, condenou os ataques terroristas de 7 de outubro em Israel pelo grupo militante palestino Hamas, que mataram mais de 1.400 pessoas, e pediu a libertação dos reféns.
O documento também apelou a todas as partes para que cumpram o direito internacional e protejam as vidas civis na Faixa de Gaza, controlada pelo Hamas, em meio a uma feroz retaliação por parte de aviões de guerra israelenses. A comunidade internacional deve planejar "pausas humanitárias" nos combates para permitir a entrega de ajuda, afirmou.
Doze dos 15 membros do conselho aprovaram o projeto na quarta-feira, com a abstenção do Reino Unido e da Rússia, e o veto dos EUA.
Falando após a votação, a embaixadora dos EUA na ONU, Linda Thomas-Greenfield, explicou que os EUA queriam mais tempo para deixar a diplomacia americana em campo "se desenrolar". Os EUA já haviam adiado a votação da resolução.
Thomas-Greenfield também criticou o texto por não mencionar o direito de Israel à autodefesa — um ponto posteriormente ecoado pela representante britânica Barbara Woodward.
Desde os ataques do Hamas, Israel vem bombardeando Gaza, controlada pelo Hamas, com ataques aéreos. Também cortou o acesso de 2 milhões de pessoas aos enclaves, incluindo alimentos, água e eletricidade.
Mais de 3.000 pessoas morreram nos ataques israelenses — incluindo mais de 1.000 crianças e dezenas de trabalhadores humanitários — e especialistas da ONU estão alertando sobre um desastre generalizado se a água e a eletricidade não forem restauradas.
Em Nova York, vários membros do Conselho de Segurança expressaram decepção e frustração pelo fracasso de uma declaração conjunta sobre a importância da ajuda e da proteção civil.
“Infelizmente, muito tristemente, o conselho mais uma vez não conseguiu adotar uma resolução sobre esses conflitos. Mais uma vez, o silêncio e a inação prevaleceram. Sem o verdadeiro interesse de longo prazo de ninguém”, disse o Embaixador da ONU no Brasil, Sergio Franca Danese, após o veto.
O Conselho de Segurança "perdeu uma oportunidade", disse o representante francês Nicolas de Rivière à imprensa após a votação. "Lamentamos profundamente que este texto tenha sido rejeitado", disse ele.
Falando ao conselho, a embaixadora dos Emirados Árabes Unidos, Lana Nusseibah, disse que a resolução não era um "texto perfeito", mas que seu país votou a favor dela "porque ela declara claramente os princípios básicos que devem ser mantidos e que este Conselho é obrigado a reforçar e defender.
Na semana passada, a Rússia propôs outra resolução pedindo um cessar-fogo humanitário em Gaza, que também não foi aprovada.
(Adaptado de edition.cnn.com)
The underlined word in " The United States has
vetoed a draft resolution at the UN Security Council
which called for a humanitarian pause in besieged
Gaza” can be substituted, without loss of meaning,
by:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Descanso - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2023 - Prefeitura de Descanso - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira - Inglês |
Q3635454
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
(1º§) Over the summer a video went viral on TikTok. It
was captioned "using this trend to get a new LinkedIn
headshot". In the short clip, a young woman shows both
how she looks in real life, and the professional-looking
headshot photos that she created using an AI-powered
app called Remini. The video has now been watched
52.3 million times, and a host of similar ones from other
TikTokers have also been extensively viewed. Remini,
and competitors such as Try It On AI and AI Suit Up, use
AI-based software to create slick profile photos that aim
to look as if they were taken by an expert photographer.
With Remini you are asked to upload eight to 10 selfies,
preferably taken from different angles, and all in good
lighting. The AI uses those pictures to learn about the
way you look.
(2º§) Then just a few minutes later it will start creating
artificial photos of you looking very smart and even
glamorous, with your hair in different styles or positions,
and you wearing different clothes while sitting in perfect
lighting. It also gives you faultless skin, and improves
your make-up. Plus, you get different backdrops. And
some users find that it makes them look thinner.
(3º§) The results are somewhat in the eye of the beholder
- some say they are realistic, while others find that the
images look artificial. But while previous online image
manipulation trends, such as drastically changing your
hair or eye colour, have been about having fun on social
media, this one is very much focused on LinkedIn and
other job hunting websites.
(4º§) For some the attraction of the AI services is that
they are cheap. Divya Shishodia, 24, a digital marketer,
from Australia, says that while AI headshots "are
obviously generated, some people might not have the
budget to go and get a professional headshot taken".
While going to a professional photographer can cost
more than £100, Remini and the other providers will
generally give you free trials lasting a few days. "I'm not
saying they're the most realistic, but for the amount of
time and effort you have to put in... the output is worth it,"
says Ms Shishodia. She adds that, by contrast, if you try
to take a decent profile photo yourself it can be very
difficult. "You need angles, lighting, you are trying to
avoid shadows... only actual photographers can do it."
(5º§) For Michelle Genobisa, 26, from Aalborg, Denmark,
it is the low to no cost of the AI generated profile photos
that she is on board with. "I quite often change my looks,
like my hair colour... so it was an easy way to collect
some pictures with the effect of a professional
photoshoot," she says. "To get that kind of photo taken,
professionally, it's very expensive."
(6º§) Others are less impressed by the technology, such
as Molly McCrann, a 25-year-old actor from Australia. "I
just think it looks so fake, you can tell that it looks heavily
edited, or it looks like AI," she says. "When I posted mine
it made me look so skinny, and I don't look McCrann adds that she thinks it is probably better to
show prospective employers what you actually look like.
(7º§) However, she is also prepared to see the other side
of the argument. "Someone wrote a comment that I
actually agree with - if this company is going to base off
looks, I want to get in the room. And if this is going to get
me in the room, then I am going to use AI headshots to
get the interview." But what about the potential impact
that AI-improved images can have on our self-esteem?
Consumer psychologist Dr Paul Marsden says there are
two sides to the issue. "On one hand it could allow us to
put our best self forward, and the image of ourselves that
we want to project to the world, and in turn motivate us to
be that way inclined in real life," he tells the BBC. "The
psychology of first impressions is how we make snap
decisions based on initial impressions, and by using AI
people can put themselves in the running to potentially
be considered for an opportunity. On the other hand it
could affect people's self-worth and beliefs that they
themselves are not good enough comparatively to their
AI generation resulting in low confidence.
(8º§) Do recruiters care? Tristan Barthel from
London-based Tate Recruitment has seen a big rise in
the number of people using AI to improve their photos.
He says that it makes no difference in how he deals with
a person's application. "I can see if a picture has been AI
generated, and it wouldn't affect my decision, for me it's
about the qualifications."
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-67054382
Considering the context, select the alternative that
presents a synonym for the word "beholder" (3º§).
Ano: 2023
Banca:
IESES
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Biguaçu - SC
Prova:
IESES - 2023 - Prefeitura de Biguaçu - SC - Professor III – Inglês |
Q3616385
Inglês
Read the sentence: We need to hand in our assignments to the teacher at the end of the week.
The Phrasal Verb “hand in” is the same of:
The Phrasal Verb “hand in” is the same of:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FAU
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Dois Vizinhos - PR
Prova:
FAU - 2023 - Prefeitura de Dois Vizinhos - PR - Professor de Língua Inglesa |
Q3613185
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto III refere-se à questão.
Texto III
Qual das seguintes palavras pode ser
usada como sinônimo da palavra "willpower"
na frase "Sugar can be the willpower you need
to undereat"?
Conheça nossos planos