Questões de Concurso Sobre sinônimos | synonyms em inglês

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Q3364438 Inglês
Something in the water? Why we love shark films


From the Steven Spielberg classic Jaws, to predators stalking the Seine in Under Paris, there is no shortage of shark films.

Hollywood and audiences love them, seemingly never tiring of the suspense, gore and terror.

There are prehistoric giant sharks in The Meg, genetically engineered ones in Deep Blue Sea, and sharks high on cocaine in the ingeniously named Cocaine Shark.

Even Donald Trump is a fan – he was reportedly due to play the US president in a Sharknado film, before becoming the actual president.

I became hooked on them after watching James Bond film Thunderball, where the villain keeps sharks in his swimming pool.

It led to a lifelong interest in shark films, as well as an irrational fear of swimming pools, even ones filled with chlorine inside leisure centres.

Hayley Easton Street is the British director behind a new shark film, Something in the Water, which tells the story of a group of women stranded at sea.

She explains that, as fan of shark films herself, she “absolutely wanted” to make the movie.

So why are shark movies so popular? “It's the fear of what could be going on with the unknown of [the sea]” she tells BBC News.

“Just being stuck in the middle of the ocean is scary enough. You're trapped in something else's world and anything could happen.”

But despite Street's love of shark films, she did not want the ones in hers to be portrayed as marine serial killers.

“We kill 100 million sharks every year” she notes.

The director was also aware that the release of Jaws led to a huge rise in the hunting of sharks, partly because they had been portrayed as merciless killers.

“As much as I love shark films, I love sharks.”

“I was really conscious of that, because it's easy for people to start seeing them as killing machines... or monsters, which they are not.”

She adds: “I feel it's more scary to have the realistic theme of it, that, you know, if you are out in the ocean and there are sharks and they do mistake you for something else, they will kill you.”

Despite the huge success of Jaws, Spielberg has said he “truly regrets the decimation of the shark population because of the book and the film”.

Spielberg is not the only person concerned about Hollywood's portrayal of sharks and the impact it continues to have.

US marine biologist Andriana Fragola dedicates herself to educating people about sharks, often sharing videos of her diving with them.

She says they are “misunderstood predators” that have been harmed by movies and the media.

Andriana tells me that she has watched Netflix's new shark film, Under Paris, and was not impressed.

“Their whole thing was it's about conservation, about studying them, but then the sharks are still eating people.”

“So it's giving a little bit more of a rounded education and a little bit more depth to the story, it's not just people swimming at the beach and getting attacked and eaten.”

“But the bottom line and what people can draw from the movie is that sharks are still really dangerous to people and they're just going to continuously hunt and eat people.”

“If that was true, we would be reduced as a human species. Everyone who goes to the beach, they would be threatened.”

Andriana says the perception of sharks causes a real issue for conservation.

“It's a huge problem because people don't want to protect something that they're scared of.”

“The perception from people is that they're dangerous to humans so we should eradicate them, and that's obviously a huge problem for conservation and getting people to want to empathise or sympathise with sharks and wanting to actually protect them.”

“It's unfortunate because 100 million sharks are killed every year, and globally sharks kill fewer than 10 people every year.”

“We're really focused on the sharks being the monsters and them being out to get us. In reality it's the opposite.”

It is unlikely that Hollywood will stop making shark films, or we will stop watching them.

But the figures show that far from being the serial killers of the sea, sharks are actually much more likely to be the victims of humans.

(Charlotte Gallagher, Culture reporter, BBC 2024. Accessed: 29 July 2024. Available in:<https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckmmgxvp7dgo>. Adapted.)
Consider the underlined term: “Even Donald Trump is a fan - he was reportedly due to play the US president in a Sharknado film, before becoming the actual president.” (4th§) It’s correct to say that it could be replaced, without change in meaning, by the word:
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Q3350558 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Cargo ship stuck in river after tide falls

A cargo ship travelling through Cambridgeshire has become stuck in a river.

The Baltic Arrow is currently in the River Nene, Wisbech, after the captain reported "grounding" at about 08:49 BST on Tuesday.

The cargo ship was sailing from Riga, in Latvia, to the Port of Wisbech with timber in packs.

A port spokesperson said it was a "rare situation" but because the tide had fallen the plan was to wait "until [the] vessel is afloat at next high water to free her from the banks".

The cargo ship was being sailed under the flag of St Kitts and Nevis to the Port of Wisbech.

Six crew members and two local pilots were on board.

There have been no reported injuries on the 80-metre (262ft) long vessel and the captain has not reported any damage.

A spokesperson from Wisbech Port added that a full investigation will be carried out to find out why it grounded.

They said: "Since tide has fallen away, plan is to wait until vessel is afloat at next high water to free her from banks with additional tug assistance and continue her pilotage safely into Wisbech Port.

"This is a rare situation to happen at Wisbech. We hope to have vessel freed this evening and bring her alongside for discharging as usual."

Grounding can be described as the vessel no longer being afloat and the hull of the ship touching the river bed.

On this occasion, it was down to the tide going out whilst part of the vessel was in contact with the bank, the port spokesperson said.

They added: "All berths at Wisbech port are NAABSA berths which stands for 'not always afloat but safely aground' so technically all vessels ground whilst moored here during low water.

"The river bed is very soft and sludgy here and the vessel is designed to safely ground so we are confident of no ongoing issues."


https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cxww2rnxzvlo
In the sentence: "This is a rare situation to happen at Wisbech," the word "rare" is closest in meaning to:
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Q3323333 Inglês
Climate crisis is making days longer, study finds

    Melting of ice is slowing planet’s rotation and could disrupt internet traffic, financial transactions and GPS. The climate crisis is causing the length of each day to get longer, analysis shows, as the mass melting of polar ice reshapes the planet.
    The phenomenon is a striking demonstration of how humanity’s actions are transforming the Earth, scientists said, rivalling natural processes that have existed for billions of years. The change in the length of the day is on the scale of milliseconds but this is enough to potentially disrupt internet traffic, financial transactions and GPS navigation, all of which rely on precise timekeeping.
    The length of the Earth’s day has been steadily increasing over geological time due to the gravitational drag of the moon on the planet’s oceans and land. However, the melting of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets due to human-caused global heating has been redistributing water stored at high latitudes into the world’s oceans, leading to more water in the seas nearer the equator. This makes the Earth more oblate – or fatter – slowing the rotation of the planet and lengthening the day still further.
   The planetary impact of humanity was also demonstrated recently by research that showed the redistribution of water had caused the Earth’s axis of rotation – the north and south poles – to move. Other work has revealed that humanity’s carbon emissions are shrinking the stratosphere.
    “We can see our impact as humans on the whole Earth system, not just locally, like the rise in temperature, but really fundamentally, altering how it moves in space and rotates,” said Prof Benedikt Soja of ETH Zurich in Switzerland. “Due to our carbon emissions, we have done this in just 100 or 200 years. Whereas the governing processes previously had been going on for billions of years, and that is striking.” 

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/jul/15/climate-crisis-making-days-longer-study
Qual das palavras destacadas é um sinônimo de “increase” ?
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Q3316618 Inglês

Read the text and answer the question.


What Happens to Your Body When You Drink Milk Every Day


     Milk (and dairy in general) gets the blame for a lot of unwanted health outcomes. We're sure you've heard that dairy causes acne, increases inflammation and can even be the reason you're not losing weight. Spoiler: For those who aren't lactose-intolerant or allergic to dairy, research doesn't back up those claims. In fact, there are actually some impressive benefits that come with drinking a nutritious glass of milk.


Your Bone Health Might Improve


Not only is milk a great vegetarian protein source, but it's also packed with calcium and vitamin D—two nutrients that are vital for bone health. Calcium is a mineral needed to build and maintain strong bones, and vitamin D helps our body absorb calcium from the foods we eat. Since milk is a great source of both of these nutrients, it's one of the best things to keep in your diet for bone health throughout life. 


You Might Reach Your Weight Loss Goals


There are lots of misconceptions about how drinking milk can affect weight, but research shows regular consumption probably won't hurt your cause if you're trying to lose weight or maintain a healthy weight. This is largely due to the satisfying combination of carbohydrates, protein and fat found in milk. Protein and fat can help make milk super filling, which can help with weight loss. Carbs give you energy and help your body function at its best. When you're more satisfied from the foods you eat, it's easier to honor your hunger and fullness levels and stick to a healthy, balanced eating pattern.


A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (the gold standard of research) published in the journal Nutrients found that including dairy in a calorie-restricted diet resulted in greater weight loss and fat loss, while reducing loss of lean muscle. This doesn't mean milk is a miracle weight-loss food, though. Another review of studies found that consuming milk or other dairy products didn't result in significant weight loss, but didn't lead to weight gain either. If your goal is to lose weight or maintain a healthy weight, drinking a glass of milk each day might help, if it's a food you enjoy. You Might Lower Your Risk of Cognitive Decline


The impressive nutrition profile of milk could be a reason why it can help you stay more mentally sharp as you age. A 2021 review of studies published in Nutrition & Metabolism found that milk intake was connected with a decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease. Another study published in 2020 in the journal Nutrients found that skimmed dairy, fermented dairy and buttermilk were associated with better executive functioning. So adding some milk to your morning oats or as a side to a snack may help boost your brain health.


Researchers hypothesize that one reason milk might support healthy aging is the nutrition that it provides. Milk is a good source of calcium, protein and vitamin B12, all of which are critical nutrients for older adults.


The Bottom Line


If you aren't lactose-intolerant or allergic to dairy, it's totally OK to enjoy a regular glass of milk each day. From improving bone health to helping mitigate cognitive decline, drinking milk and incorporating other dairy items into your diet can come with some health benefits. As with any food, remember that moderation is key (an 8-ounce serving of milk probably wouldn't completely fill many of the glasses in your cupboard). Since there are dairy farmers all across the U.S., try choosing milk that is produced locally. Making a connection with a local farmer can help you get a better-quality product that takes less of a toll on the environment, too.


FONTE: Adapted from: https://www.eatingwell.com/article/7961444/what-happensto-your-body-if-you-drink-milk-every-day/#:~:text=Not%20only%20is% 20milk%20a,from%20the%20foods%20we%20eat.


The word “back up” in the sentence: For those who aren't lactose-intolerant or allergic to dairy, research doesn't back up those claims, can be replaced by: 
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Q3316615 Inglês

Read the text and answer the question.


What Happens to Your Body When You Drink Milk Every Day


     Milk (and dairy in general) gets the blame for a lot of unwanted health outcomes. We're sure you've heard that dairy causes acne, increases inflammation and can even be the reason you're not losing weight. Spoiler: For those who aren't lactose-intolerant or allergic to dairy, research doesn't back up those claims. In fact, there are actually some impressive benefits that come with drinking a nutritious glass of milk.


Your Bone Health Might Improve


Not only is milk a great vegetarian protein source, but it's also packed with calcium and vitamin D—two nutrients that are vital for bone health. Calcium is a mineral needed to build and maintain strong bones, and vitamin D helps our body absorb calcium from the foods we eat. Since milk is a great source of both of these nutrients, it's one of the best things to keep in your diet for bone health throughout life. 


You Might Reach Your Weight Loss Goals


There are lots of misconceptions about how drinking milk can affect weight, but research shows regular consumption probably won't hurt your cause if you're trying to lose weight or maintain a healthy weight. This is largely due to the satisfying combination of carbohydrates, protein and fat found in milk. Protein and fat can help make milk super filling, which can help with weight loss. Carbs give you energy and help your body function at its best. When you're more satisfied from the foods you eat, it's easier to honor your hunger and fullness levels and stick to a healthy, balanced eating pattern.


A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (the gold standard of research) published in the journal Nutrients found that including dairy in a calorie-restricted diet resulted in greater weight loss and fat loss, while reducing loss of lean muscle. This doesn't mean milk is a miracle weight-loss food, though. Another review of studies found that consuming milk or other dairy products didn't result in significant weight loss, but didn't lead to weight gain either. If your goal is to lose weight or maintain a healthy weight, drinking a glass of milk each day might help, if it's a food you enjoy. You Might Lower Your Risk of Cognitive Decline


The impressive nutrition profile of milk could be a reason why it can help you stay more mentally sharp as you age. A 2021 review of studies published in Nutrition & Metabolism found that milk intake was connected with a decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease. Another study published in 2020 in the journal Nutrients found that skimmed dairy, fermented dairy and buttermilk were associated with better executive functioning. So adding some milk to your morning oats or as a side to a snack may help boost your brain health.


Researchers hypothesize that one reason milk might support healthy aging is the nutrition that it provides. Milk is a good source of calcium, protein and vitamin B12, all of which are critical nutrients for older adults.


The Bottom Line


If you aren't lactose-intolerant or allergic to dairy, it's totally OK to enjoy a regular glass of milk each day. From improving bone health to helping mitigate cognitive decline, drinking milk and incorporating other dairy items into your diet can come with some health benefits. As with any food, remember that moderation is key (an 8-ounce serving of milk probably wouldn't completely fill many of the glasses in your cupboard). Since there are dairy farmers all across the U.S., try choosing milk that is produced locally. Making a connection with a local farmer can help you get a better-quality product that takes less of a toll on the environment, too.


FONTE: Adapted from: https://www.eatingwell.com/article/7961444/what-happensto-your-body-if-you-drink-milk-every-day/#:~:text=Not%20only%20is% 20milk%20a,from%20the%20foods%20we%20eat.


Which option below expresses the same meaning as the sentence: As with any food, remember that moderation is key.
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Q3312204 Inglês
Google News, Thursday, June 16, 2021


Teaching methods keep changing with the times,................... the blackboard of the old days ........... electronic teaching today. Mr. Kam, physics instructor the Chinese University of Hong Kong, is one of those who has changed ......... the times.


Mr. Kam employs a two-pronged approach. First, he uses multimedia teaching materials during lectures. Second, he arranges internships for undergraduates. These can take the form of learning assistantships at the university or teaching assistantships at secondary schools, and also there’s always the odd science project at the Space Museum.

The initiatives have earned him the Faculty Exemplary Teaching Award 2020. A CUHK alumnus, he is grateful for the chance to teach at the university after earning his doctoral degree there. His teaching position actually represents the fulfillment of a dream, for the status of professors during his days as a university student was extremely high and he could meet them only during lectures.

After being a teacher for 10 years, Mr. Kam has found no apparent regression in the learning abilities of students, but he believes teachers should not just force knowledge on students - they have to pay careful attention to their needs too. 

The multimedia materials that Mr. Kam uses to illustrate his area of interest includes animation and video clips. He encourages students to read popular astronomy magazines and share any note-worthy content they find. Mr. Kam also gets his undergraduates to help prepare students sitting for physics papers in public exams or to help out on research projects undertaken by meteorological officers at the observatory.

He also arranges for his undergraduates to teach students from other faculties during physics liberal studies classes through talks and star-gazing expeditions. Such responsibilities serve two greater purposes.

First, undergraduates become even more motivated to learn when they find out they have to guide other students. Second, physics students are, unlike arts students, not at their best when called upon to express themselves. Acting as assistants allows them to practice their skills and build up their self- confidence.

I asked Mr. Kam what he found most satisfying in teaching.

And the answer is obvious. It is the deep friendship he forms with students. Mr. Kam says many former students still come back to see him occasionally despite being busy parents. He draws considerable satisfaction from seeing his students grow into mature adults.

For Mr. Kam, the best teachers will never find extracurricular activity a burden because the good work that is done today plants the seed for future generations. 
The word purpose in the sentence “Such responsibilities serve two greater purposes.”, is closest in meaning to:
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Q3303073 Inglês
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    Seventeen of 34 types of cancer have become more common in younger generations in the United States, the broadest study of its kind to date has found. The analysis, published in August 2024 in The Lancet Public Health, examined data from 23.7 million people born between 1920 and 1990 and diagnosed with cancer between 2000 and 2019. It found, for example, that people born in 1990 were 2.6 to 3.6 times more likely to develop cancers of the small intestine, kidney, and pancreas than those born in 1955, and 2.6 times more likely to develop endometrial cancer than someone born in 1930. The findings suggest people are increasingly being exposed to carcinogens during early life or young adulthood. However, younger birth cohorts were at the same or lower risk of death from most types of cancer than older ones.


(www.science.org. Agosto de 2024. Adaptado)
No trecho do texto – However, younger birth cohorts were at the same or lower risk... –, o termo destacado em negrito pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por:
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Q3273383 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

YOUNG MINDS Number of children facing mental health crisis soars 53% in 4 years − 16 signs your child is at risk

Some 32,521 under-18s were referred for emergency care at mental health services in 2022 to 2023, up from 21,242 in 2019 to 2020.

Doctors at the Royal College of Psychiatrists said the shocking numbers "cannot become the new norm".

The college said many of these under-18s have suffered worsening mental health while on NHS waiting lists for treatment.

Dr Elaine Lockhart, chair of the college's child and adolescent faculty, said: "It's unacceptable that so many children and young people are reaching crisis point before they are able to access care.

"Severe mental illness is not just an adult problem. The need for specialist mental health services for children and young people is growing all the time.

"The evidence shows us that children who receive support quickly are less likely to develop long-term conditions, that negatively affect their education, social development and health in later life.

"Government and integrated care boards must commit to reducing the rate of mental illness among children by setting an achievable target.

"This needs to be backed by an expansion of the mental health workforce and additional funding for services.

"Investing in children's mental health will ultimately free up NHS time and resources, while ensuring the country has a healthy and productive population in the years to come."

The college said around half of mental health conditions arise before the age of 14 and three-quarters before the age of 24.

Data shows under-18s who are waiting for follow-up after a GP referral for mental health problems have already waited on average five months and, in the worst case, almost two years.

The Royal College of Psychiatrists said last year's Government announcement of an extra £5million to improve access to existing early support hubs was welcome.

But it said it predicts an extra £125 to £205million is needed to establish hubs in every local authority, with running costs of at least £114m per year.

It comes as the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) published a statement outlining the "changing role" for paediatricians in being involved in identifying and helping children with poor mental health.

RCPCH officer for mental health Dr Karen Street said: "The entire children's workforce has a role to play in tackling the current crisis in children's mental health but as paediatricians we are particularly well placed to make a difference.

"Research shows paediatricians are the most trusted profession for secondary school children, across all ethnicities and backgrounds and that children see doctors as a key group to support their mental health.

"We know that paediatric settings and emergency departments are not ideal for children and young people experiencing a crisis in their mental health, but they cannot be left without support.

"If we are ever to get out of this dire situation then we need meaningful support for health services and staff, as well as child focused polices that can improve the physical, emotional, social and educational wellbeing of young people.

"The responsibility to tackle this growing mental health emergency cannot be left to healthcare professionals alone."

Liberal Democrat health and social care spokesperson Daisy Cooper said: "This devastating explosion of mental ill health among children should be a wake-up call for the government.

"Conservative ministers have neglected children's mental health during and after the pandemic, leaving mental health services and families in crisis.

"We have seen a litany of broken promises from this government including the failure to deliver maximum waiting times for children, ending out of area placements or reforming the Mental Health Act."

https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/25760424/children-mental-health-crisis -soars/
In the sentence, "The Royal College of Psychiatrists said last year's Government announcement of an extra £5million to improve access to existing early support hubs was welcome," what does the word "welcome" most likely mean? 
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Q3269545 Inglês

Imagem associada para resolução da questão


Available at: http://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2012/09/26


The word "nag" in the third panel of the strip has the closest meaning to:

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Q3258847 Inglês
Text I


Shock of the old: Believe it or not, battery-powered vehicles
have been around since Victorian times.

   The history of the electric car is surprisingly enraging. If you imagine early electric vehicles at all (full disclosure: I didn’t until recently), it will probably be as the quixotic and possibly dangerous dream of a few eccentrics, maybe in the 1920s or 1930s, when domestic electrification became widespread. It’s easy to imagine some stiff-collared proto-Musk getting bored of hunting and affairs, eyeing his newly installed electric lights speculatively, then wreaking untold havoc and mass electrocutions. The reality is entirely different.

   By 1900, a third of all cars on the road in the US were electric; we’re looking at the history of a cruelly missed opportunity, and it started astonishingly early. The Scottish engineer Robert Anderson had a go at an electric car of sorts way back in the 1830s, though his invention was somewhat stymied by the fact rechargeable batteries were not invented until 1859, making his crude carriage something of a one-trick pony (and far less useful than an actual pony).

   It’s debatable whether or not Scotland was ready for this brave new world anyway: in 1842, Robert Davidson (another Scot, who had, a few years earlier, also tried his hand at an electric vehicle) saw his electric locomotive Galvani “broken by some malicious hands almost beyond repair” in Perth. The contemporary consensus was that it was attacked by railway workers fearful for their jobs.

   Despite this unpromising start, electric vehicles had entered widespread commercial circulation by the start of the 20th century, particularly in the US. Electric cabs crisscrossed Manhattan, 1897’s bestselling US car was electric and, when he was shot in 1901, President McKinley was taken to hospital in an electric ambulance. London had Walter Bersey’s electric taxis, and Berlin’s fire engines went electric in 1908; the future looked bright, clean and silent.

   By the 1930s, however, the tide had definitively turned against electric, cursed by range limitations and impractical charging times while petrol gained the upper hand thanks partly – and ironically – to the electric starter motor. The Horseless Age magazine, which vehemently backed the petrol non-horse, would have been delighted. There was a brief resurgence of interest in the late 1960s, when the US Congress passed a bill promoting electrical vehicle development, but nothing much actually happened until the Nissan Leaf sparked interest in 2009. Electric still isn’t quite there yet, battling infrastructure and battery problems that might have been familiar to Anderson and friends.


Adapted from The Guardian, Tuesday 24 October 2023, p. 6 https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/series/shock-of-the-old/2023/oct/24/all
In “which vehemently backed” (5th paragraph) the verb is similar in meaning to:
Alternativas
Q3258845 Inglês
Text I


Shock of the old: Believe it or not, battery-powered vehicles
have been around since Victorian times.

   The history of the electric car is surprisingly enraging. If you imagine early electric vehicles at all (full disclosure: I didn’t until recently), it will probably be as the quixotic and possibly dangerous dream of a few eccentrics, maybe in the 1920s or 1930s, when domestic electrification became widespread. It’s easy to imagine some stiff-collared proto-Musk getting bored of hunting and affairs, eyeing his newly installed electric lights speculatively, then wreaking untold havoc and mass electrocutions. The reality is entirely different.

   By 1900, a third of all cars on the road in the US were electric; we’re looking at the history of a cruelly missed opportunity, and it started astonishingly early. The Scottish engineer Robert Anderson had a go at an electric car of sorts way back in the 1830s, though his invention was somewhat stymied by the fact rechargeable batteries were not invented until 1859, making his crude carriage something of a one-trick pony (and far less useful than an actual pony).

   It’s debatable whether or not Scotland was ready for this brave new world anyway: in 1842, Robert Davidson (another Scot, who had, a few years earlier, also tried his hand at an electric vehicle) saw his electric locomotive Galvani “broken by some malicious hands almost beyond repair” in Perth. The contemporary consensus was that it was attacked by railway workers fearful for their jobs.

   Despite this unpromising start, electric vehicles had entered widespread commercial circulation by the start of the 20th century, particularly in the US. Electric cabs crisscrossed Manhattan, 1897’s bestselling US car was electric and, when he was shot in 1901, President McKinley was taken to hospital in an electric ambulance. London had Walter Bersey’s electric taxis, and Berlin’s fire engines went electric in 1908; the future looked bright, clean and silent.

   By the 1930s, however, the tide had definitively turned against electric, cursed by range limitations and impractical charging times while petrol gained the upper hand thanks partly – and ironically – to the electric starter motor. The Horseless Age magazine, which vehemently backed the petrol non-horse, would have been delighted. There was a brief resurgence of interest in the late 1960s, when the US Congress passed a bill promoting electrical vehicle development, but nothing much actually happened until the Nissan Leaf sparked interest in 2009. Electric still isn’t quite there yet, battling infrastructure and battery problems that might have been familiar to Anderson and friends.


Adapted from The Guardian, Tuesday 24 October 2023, p. 6 https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/series/shock-of-the-old/2023/oct/24/all
In “Despite this unpromising start” (4th paragraph), the first word can be replaced by:
Alternativas
Q3258844 Inglês
Text I


Shock of the old: Believe it or not, battery-powered vehicles
have been around since Victorian times.

   The history of the electric car is surprisingly enraging. If you imagine early electric vehicles at all (full disclosure: I didn’t until recently), it will probably be as the quixotic and possibly dangerous dream of a few eccentrics, maybe in the 1920s or 1930s, when domestic electrification became widespread. It’s easy to imagine some stiff-collared proto-Musk getting bored of hunting and affairs, eyeing his newly installed electric lights speculatively, then wreaking untold havoc and mass electrocutions. The reality is entirely different.

   By 1900, a third of all cars on the road in the US were electric; we’re looking at the history of a cruelly missed opportunity, and it started astonishingly early. The Scottish engineer Robert Anderson had a go at an electric car of sorts way back in the 1830s, though his invention was somewhat stymied by the fact rechargeable batteries were not invented until 1859, making his crude carriage something of a one-trick pony (and far less useful than an actual pony).

   It’s debatable whether or not Scotland was ready for this brave new world anyway: in 1842, Robert Davidson (another Scot, who had, a few years earlier, also tried his hand at an electric vehicle) saw his electric locomotive Galvani “broken by some malicious hands almost beyond repair” in Perth. The contemporary consensus was that it was attacked by railway workers fearful for their jobs.

   Despite this unpromising start, electric vehicles had entered widespread commercial circulation by the start of the 20th century, particularly in the US. Electric cabs crisscrossed Manhattan, 1897’s bestselling US car was electric and, when he was shot in 1901, President McKinley was taken to hospital in an electric ambulance. London had Walter Bersey’s electric taxis, and Berlin’s fire engines went electric in 1908; the future looked bright, clean and silent.

   By the 1930s, however, the tide had definitively turned against electric, cursed by range limitations and impractical charging times while petrol gained the upper hand thanks partly – and ironically – to the electric starter motor. The Horseless Age magazine, which vehemently backed the petrol non-horse, would have been delighted. There was a brief resurgence of interest in the late 1960s, when the US Congress passed a bill promoting electrical vehicle development, but nothing much actually happened until the Nissan Leaf sparked interest in 2009. Electric still isn’t quite there yet, battling infrastructure and battery problems that might have been familiar to Anderson and friends.


Adapted from The Guardian, Tuesday 24 October 2023, p. 6 https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/series/shock-of-the-old/2023/oct/24/all
The phrase “wreaking […] havoc” (1st paragraph) is similar in meaning to:
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Q3246735 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


What does a Theatrical Company Manager do?



    It’s difficult to pin down exactly what a theatrical company manager does simply because they do so much: negotiate contracts, organize payroll, pay for purchases of outside materials, organize rehearsals, arrange transportation and lodging for cast and crew, assist the director, and – of course – handle emergencies inside and outside of the theater. Crucially, company managers also act as the link between the general manager – their boss – and the rest of the company. A generalized problem solver with a focus on human resources and logistics, the company manager’s work is never over, and rarely the same from day to day.

Expected Professional Education

    The company manager is one of the highest-ranking professionals in any theater company or production, responsible for overseeing almost all logistical and administrative processes. While a company manager could possibly do well with no more than a bachelor’s degree, most theater companies prefer a master’s degree in theater management, business management, or arts administration. 

    Many company managers get started as stage managers, working directly with the director, actors, and designers in rehearsal and calling the show. Over time, they may move gradually towards the broader logistical duties of a company manager, perhaps progressing first to become the head of operations or audience services. As this is a high-ranking position, most company managers advance by seeking longterm positions with prestigious and well-funded companies. They can also progress to become general managers, or even choose to become production managers.

(https://www.berklee.edu. Adaptado)
In the fragment from the first paragraph “and – of course – handle emergencies inside and outside of the theater”, the word in bold means
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Q3229278 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


Exceptional Noise Cancellation

The AirPods Pro deliver excellent noise cancellation, but you might notice that the ANC seems weak initially. Simply wait a few seconds. The earphones first need to measure the surrounding noise and create a custom ANC profile appropriate for your current environment. And then, when it kicks in, it's exceptional. Another positive note—the ANC doesn't seem to introduce any noticeable hiss in quiet settings, which cheap earphones often use as a crutch.

In my tests, the AirPods Pro dramatically lowered powerful low-frequency rumble (like you hear on an airplane) after an initial adjustment period. In some of our deep rumble tests, the AirPods even matched the performance of the $299 Bose QuietComfort Earbuds, which is impressive.

What's even more impressive is that, in some tests, the AirPods Pro fare better than the QuietComfort Earbuds. The problem, if you can call it one, is consistency, and something I experienced with the AirPods Max as well. The latter are also capable of shockingly effective noise cancellation, but sometimes a slight head turn can reduce their efficacy. The AirPods Pro are more likely to remain effective after the initial adjustment, but sometimes the resulting profile didn't impress me. But, to their credit, a slight change to the in-ear fit can induce a far more competent noise cancellation profile. So don't be afraid to play around with how the earpieces sit in your ear if the ANC isn't initially impressive.


https://www.pcmag.com
In the context of the text, what does the word "crutch" in the sentence "which cheap earphones often use as a crutch" most closely mean? 
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Q3199443 Inglês
TEXT 1
SCHOOL RULES.
The British College of Benalmádena provides its students with an environment in which they can feel safe, cared for and supported, in which they can adequately develop their individual skills, helping them to face the modern world in an autonomous and critical way, preparing them to participate positively in society and in the various professional fields to which they may one day have access.

To achieve these objectives, we encourage our students to accept responsibility and be tolerant, to understand the point of view of others, to help their peers and to maintain a high standard of work, to the best of their ability.

In addition, they must maintain a code of conduct based essentially on respect for their teachers and their peers, as well as on some basic rules that, although obvious, are important to remember:

1. Students must arrive at school on time.

2. During school hours, the pupils are the responsibility of the school and their teachers and therefore, they must always follow their indications.

3. A lack of respect towards peers or teachers will not be tolerated at any time.

4. No type of bullying, neither psychological, physical or cyber will be tolerated under any circumstances.

5. To help their fellow students whenever necessary, to protect the younger ones and be friendly towards everybody is a golden rule for our students.

6. All the school uniform must be worn by all students throughout the school.

7. Students should not bring any valuable items to school. If for any reason they have to do so, they must hand it into the office for safekeeping.

8. Mobiles phones are TOTALLY FORBIDDEN.

9. The school keeps an exhaustive record of the absences of the students and immediately contacts the parents if a child is absent. We therefore beg parents to notify the school of any absences that they might know of in advance, such as doctor’s and dentist’s appointments, etc.

10. Any work missed through absence will have to be made up, including internal examinations.

11. Obviously, smoking or drinking alcohol is TOTALLY FORBIDDEN in school.

12. Students must look after their own belongings and respect others’, as well as the school’s.


Available at: https://thebritishcollege.com/school-rules/
In the excerpt: "Students SHOULD NOT bring any valuable items to school. If for any reason they have to do so, they must hand it into the office for safekeeping." the modal verb "should NOT" is used. We can replace this modal verb with:
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Q3166595 Inglês

Preencha corretamente:


Christmas is on the of December all over world. However, other celebrations  occur in different dates fron country to country. The Father’s Day in the United States for ______ is always on the third Sunday  June.


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Q3154165 Inglês

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

Foods with Good Bacteria 


MOTHER EARTH NEWS – Like many of us, I didn’t think much about my gut health when I was younger. But being more responsible for my own foods when I moved out of the house changed what I bought. For some items, it’s a matter of swapping out a product that’s high in processed sugar and other additives for a healthier option. For others, I’ve rethought my food choices altogether, which includes considering guthealthy options to buy at my local store or make myself. If you’re beginning to explore fermented foods, you’re in the right spot. Here are a few foods with good bacteria and some fermented foods recipes you can try. 


Source: https://www.postjournal.com/wire/?category=5307&ID=317975 

The word swapping in the text can best be replaced by:
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Q3154162 Inglês

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

Foods with Good Bacteria 


MOTHER EARTH NEWS – Like many of us, I didn’t think much about my gut health when I was younger. But being more responsible for my own foods when I moved out of the house changed what I bought. For some items, it’s a matter of swapping out a product that’s high in processed sugar and other additives for a healthier option. For others, I’ve rethought my food choices altogether, which includes considering guthealthy options to buy at my local store or make myself. If you’re beginning to explore fermented foods, you’re in the right spot. Here are a few foods with good bacteria and some fermented foods recipes you can try. 


Source: https://www.postjournal.com/wire/?category=5307&ID=317975 

The word includes in the phrase “which includes considering gut-healthy options…” could be replaced by: 
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Q3149334 Inglês

New Research Sheds Light to The Persian Plateau: A Crucial Hub for Homo Sapiens Post-Africa Migration


March 31, 2024


The Persian plateau, a region that spans modern-day Iran, has been identified as a critical hub for Homo sapiens following their migration out of Africa. This pivotal role was established through the integration of genetic evidence, paleoecological models, and archaeological findings. The research, led by a team of scientists from various institutions, indicates that Homo sapiens dispersed from Africa approximately 70−60 thousand years ago (kya), but it wasn't until around 45 kya that they began to colonize all of Eurasia extensively. The interim period, which saw these early humans settle in the Persian plateau, has been a subject of considerable scientific interest.


The Genetic Evidence


Genetic studies reveal that populations within the Persian Plateau possess ancestry components closely matching those of the earliest Homo sapiens who left Africa. This suggests that the plateau acted as a significant waypoint for our species during their early Eurasian colonization attempts. The genetic markers found in the region provide a direct link to these ancient travelers, shedding light on the movements and expansions of early human populations.


Paleoecological Insights


The research further explores the environmental conditions that made the Persian plateau a suitable habitation site for early Homo sapiens. Using paleoecological models, the team reconstructed the climatic conditions of the plateau between 70 and 30 kya. The models indicate that the region could support human life throughout this period, offering a stable environment for these communities. Moreover, the plateau's ecological diversity and resources could sustain larger populations compared to other West Asian regions, making it an ideal settlement area during this epoch.


Archaeological Corroboration


Archaeological evidence from the Persian Plate supports the genetic and paleoecological findings. Sites across the region have yielded artifacts and remains dating back to the relevant period, indicating a continuous human presence. These archaeological sites, alongside the genetic and environmental data, paint a comprehensive picture of the plateau as a bustling hub for early humans.


The combination of genetic, paleoecological, and archaeological evidence positions the Persian plateau as a critical juncture in the story of human migration and settlement. This research not only highlights the importance of the region in our prehistoric past but also opens new avenues for understanding the complex journey of Homo sapiens as they spread across the globe. Further investigations into this area are likely to yield even more insights into the early chapters of human history.


https://www.thearchaeologist.org/blog/new-research-sheds-light-to-the persian-plateau-a-crucial-hub-for-homo-sapiens-post-africa-migration

In the context of the passage, what does the word "interim" mean in the sentence: "The interim period, which saw these early humans settle in the Persian plateau, has been a subject of considerable scientific interest"?
Alternativas
Q3143764 Inglês
Which word best substitutes the verb “leverage” in 4º§? 
Alternativas
Respostas
281: A
282: C
283: C
284: A
285: A
286: A
287: B
288: C
289: A
290: A
291: E
292: D
293: E
294: D
295: D
296: E
297: B
298: E
299: C
300: C