Questões de Concurso Sobre inglês
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Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
The text states that many CIOs are abandoning BI initiatives due to reported low user adoption rates and high costs.
Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
The most frequent reason for low BI adoption is that users discover provided data ever-more insightful and directly applicable in the current workflow.
Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
According to the text, overall, BI solutions are not accomplishing the purpose they were designed for, since they have not been able to provide timely and readily available data to business users within their working cycles.
Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
It is correct to conclude from the text that one main hindrance to the successful implementation of BI is the need to stop ongoing operations to gather and secure data.
In the 20th century, we made tremendous advances in discovering fundamental principles in different scientific disciplines that created major breakthroughs in management and technology for agricultural systems, mostly by empirical means. However, as we enter the 21st century, agricultural research has more difficult and complex problems to solve.
The environmental consciousness of the general public is requiring us to modify farm management to protect water, air, and soil quality, while staying economically profitable. At the same time, market-based global competition in agricultural products is challenging economic viability of the traditional agricultural systems, and requires the development of new and dynamic production systems. Fortunately, the new electronic technologies can provide us a vast amount of real-time information about crop conditions and near-term weather via remote sensing by satellites or ground-based instruments and the Internet, that can be utilized to develop a whole new level of management. However, we need the means to capture and make sense of this vast amount of site-specific data.
Our customers, the agricultural producers, are asking for a quicker transfer of research results in an integrated usable form for site-specific management. Such a request can only be met with system models, because system models are indeed the integration and quantification of current knowledge based on fundamental principles and laws. Models enhance understanding of data taken under certain conditions and help extrapolate their applications to other conditions and locations.
Lajpat R. Ahuja; Liwang Ma; Terry A. Howell. Whole System Integration and Modeling — Essential to
Agricultural Science and Technology in the 21st Century. In: Lajpat R. Ahuja; Liwang Ma; Terry A. Howell
(eds.) Agricultural system models in field research and technology transfer.
Boca Raton, CRC Press LLC, 2002 (adapted).
Considering the text presented above, judge the following item.
The text focuses on showing how the advances made in the 20th century were essential to the development of the notion of agricultural systems.
Rain Is Coming to Burning Los Angeles and Will Bring Its Own Risks
Rain is forecast to begin as soon as Saturday afternoon and to continue as late as Monday evening, says meteorologist Kristan Lund of the National Weather Service’s Los Angeles office. The area desperately needs the precipitation, but experts are warily monitoring the situation because rain poses its own risks in recently burned areas— most notably the potential occurrence of mudslides and similar hazards. “Rain is good because we’ve been so dry,” Lund says. “However, if we get heavier rain rates or we get the thunderstorms, it’s actually a lot more dangerous because you can get debris flows.”
Fires do a couple of different things to the landscape that can increase the risk of burned material, soil and detritus hurtling out of control. When fires burn hot or long enough, they leave an invisible layer of waxy material just under the surface of the ground. This develops from decomposing leaves and other organic material, which contain naturally hydrophobic or water-repellent compounds. Fire can vaporize this litter, and the resulting gas seeps into the upper soil—where it quickly cools and condenses, forming the slippery layer.
When rain falls on ground that has been affected by this phenomenon, it can’t sink beyond the hydrophobic layer— so the water flows away, often hauling debris with it. “All of the trees, branches, everything that’s been burned—unfortunately, if it rains, that stuff just floats,” Lund says. “It’s really concerning.” Even a fire that isn’t severe enough to create a hydrophobic layer can still cause debris flows, says Danielle Touma, a climate scientist at the University of Texas at Austin. Under normal conditions, trees and other plants usually trap some rain above the surface, slowing the water’s downward journey. But on freshly burned land there’s much less greenery to interfere; all the rain immediately hits the ground. [...]
Fortunately, the rain should also help firefighters tame the blazes that remain active. The largest, the Palisades Fire, is currently 77 percent contained. The second largest, the Eaton Fire, is 95 percent contained. The Hughes Fire is third largest and only 56 percent contained. A fire can be fully contained but still burning. The containment percentage refers to the amount of the perimeter that has barriers that firefighters expect will prevent further spread.
Scientific American. January 27th, 2025. Adaptado.
Many studies reveal the contributions of plant breeding and agronomy to farm productivity and their role in reshaping global diets. However, historical accounts also implicate these sciences in the creation of new problems, from novel disease vulnerabilities propagated through industrial monocrops to the negative ecological and public health consequences of crops dependent on chemical inputs and industrialized food systems more generally.
Increasingly, historical analyses also highlight the expertise variously usurped, overlooked, abandoned, or suppressed in the pursuit of “modern” agricultural science. Experiment stations and “improved” plants were instruments of colonialism, means of controlling lands and lives of peoples typically labeled as “primitive” and “backward” by imperial authorities. In many cases, the assumptions of colonial improvers persisted in the international development programs that have sought since the mid-20th century to deliver “modern” science to farming communities in the Global South.
Awareness of these issues has brought alternative domains of crop science such as agroecology to the fore in recent decades, as researchers reconcile the need for robust crop knowledge and know-how with the imperatives of addressing social and environmental injustice.
Helen Anne Curry; Ryan Nehring. The history of crop science and the future of food.
Internet: <nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com> (adapted).
Judge the following item about the text above.
The following suggestion can be considered an adequate translation of the first sentence of the second paragraph: Cada vez mais, análises históricas também ressaltam o conhecimento que foi, de maneiras diferentes, usurpado, negligenciado, abandonado ou eliminado na busca da ciência agrária “moderna”.
Rain Is Coming to Burning Los Angeles and Will Bring Its Own Risks
Rain is forecast to begin as soon as Saturday afternoon and to continue as late as Monday evening, says meteorologist Kristan Lund of the National Weather Service’s Los Angeles office. The area desperately needs the precipitation, but experts are warily monitoring the situation because rain poses its own risks in recently burned areas— most notably the potential occurrence of mudslides and similar hazards. “Rain is good because we’ve been so dry,” Lund says. “However, if we get heavier rain rates or we get the thunderstorms, it’s actually a lot more dangerous because you can get debris flows.”
Fires do a couple of different things to the landscape that can increase the risk of burned material, soil and detritus hurtling out of control. When fires burn hot or long enough, they leave an invisible layer of waxy material just under the surface of the ground. This develops from decomposing leaves and other organic material, which contain naturally hydrophobic or water-repellent compounds. Fire can vaporize this litter, and the resulting gas seeps into the upper soil—where it quickly cools and condenses, forming the slippery layer.
When rain falls on ground that has been affected by this phenomenon, it can’t sink beyond the hydrophobic layer— so the water flows away, often hauling debris with it. “All of the trees, branches, everything that’s been burned—unfortunately, if it rains, that stuff just floats,” Lund says. “It’s really concerning.” Even a fire that isn’t severe enough to create a hydrophobic layer can still cause debris flows, says Danielle Touma, a climate scientist at the University of Texas at Austin. Under normal conditions, trees and other plants usually trap some rain above the surface, slowing the water’s downward journey. But on freshly burned land there’s much less greenery to interfere; all the rain immediately hits the ground. [...]
Fortunately, the rain should also help firefighters tame the blazes that remain active. The largest, the Palisades Fire, is currently 77 percent contained. The second largest, the Eaton Fire, is 95 percent contained. The Hughes Fire is third largest and only 56 percent contained. A fire can be fully contained but still burning. The containment percentage refers to the amount of the perimeter that has barriers that firefighters expect will prevent further spread.
Scientific American. January 27th, 2025. Adaptado.
Cientistas procuraram avaliar o impacto que certas mudanças climáticas teriam no futuro próximo em cada região produtora de alimentos do globo — e, então, concluíram se as atividades econômicas hoje desenvolvidas ali estão em risco ou não. Na pesquisa, convencionou-se chamar de “ambiente climático seguro” aqueles onde ainda é viável desenvolver a produção de alimentos.
Edson Veiga. Como o aquecimento global ameaça a agropecuária brasileira.
Internet: <brasildefato.com.br> (com adaptações).
Judge whether the item below presents an adequate translation into English of the paragraph above.
Scientists tried to evaluate how certain climate changes would impact on each food-producing area of the Earth in the future, and then reached the conclusion that the actual economical activities of such areas are at risk. In its research, the term “safe climate environment” was given to those regions in which food production is still feasible.
Many studies reveal the contributions of plant breeding and agronomy to farm productivity and their role in reshaping global diets. However, historical accounts also implicate these sciences in the creation of new problems, from novel disease vulnerabilities propagated through industrial monocrops to the negative ecological and public health consequences of crops dependent on chemical inputs and industrialized food systems more generally.
Increasingly, historical analyses also highlight the expertise variously usurped, overlooked, abandoned, or suppressed in the pursuit of “modern” agricultural science. Experiment stations and “improved” plants were instruments of colonialism, means of controlling lands and lives of peoples typically labeled as “primitive” and “backward” by imperial authorities. In many cases, the assumptions of colonial improvers persisted in the international development programs that have sought since the mid-20th century to deliver “modern” science to farming communities in the Global South.
Awareness of these issues has brought alternative domains of crop science such as agroecology to the fore in recent decades, as researchers reconcile the need for robust crop knowledge and know-how with the imperatives of addressing social and environmental injustice.
Helen Anne Curry; Ryan Nehring. The history of crop science and the future of food.
Internet: <nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com> (adapted).
Judge the following item about the text above.
According to the text, alternative areas of crop science have emerged as a result of the need to increase food productivity.
Many studies reveal the contributions of plant breeding and agronomy to farm productivity and their role in reshaping global diets. However, historical accounts also implicate these sciences in the creation of new problems, from novel disease vulnerabilities propagated through industrial monocrops to the negative ecological and public health consequences of crops dependent on chemical inputs and industrialized food systems more generally.
Increasingly, historical analyses also highlight the expertise variously usurped, overlooked, abandoned, or suppressed in the pursuit of “modern” agricultural science. Experiment stations and “improved” plants were instruments of colonialism, means of controlling lands and lives of peoples typically labeled as “primitive” and “backward” by imperial authorities. In many cases, the assumptions of colonial improvers persisted in the international development programs that have sought since the mid-20th century to deliver “modern” science to farming communities in the Global South.
Awareness of these issues has brought alternative domains of crop science such as agroecology to the fore in recent decades, as researchers reconcile the need for robust crop knowledge and know-how with the imperatives of addressing social and environmental injustice.
Helen Anne Curry; Ryan Nehring. The history of crop science and the future of food.
Internet: <nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com> (adapted).
Judge the following item about the text above.
The presence of inverted commas (“) in “primitive” and “backward” indicate that the authors agree with the descriptions used by imperial authorities to define some specific peoples.
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
The word “However”, in the second sentence of the last paragraph, can be correctly replaced with Nevertheless, without changing the original meaning of the fragment.
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
The text argues that the spread of intellectual property rights has clearly benefited the countries of the South, proving that it is not an obstacle to their development.
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
The shift from the perception of genetic resources as mankind’s common heritage to its condition of property of national sovereignty was demanded by countries of the South.
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
In the 1980s, genetic resources were regarded as private property under international law, allowing multinational corporations to control them freely.
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
According to the text, the ABS system was created to prevent multinational companies from using the genetic resources of countries of the South.
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