In an English class at a Brazilian state school, the teacher puts a recording on for students to listen to it: two native speakers in a conversation in a café. Before listening to the recording, she elicits many students’ existing knowledge by projecting a menu, teaching key vocabulary (e.g., “espresso,” “takeaway,” “change”), and asking learners what they typically order at cafés. She plays the recording two times next; the first time for general comprehension, and the second time with some particular activities (such as noting the prices or items ordered). After that, students pair up and role-play a similar conversation with the expressions they heard. Which principle of instruction on listening does the teacher clearly demonstrate in this way?