Questões de Concurso Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês

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Q3877283 Inglês
Language Teaching Methodology:
A Text-based Approach

What is a text-based approach to language teaching?

A text-based approach entails:

1. Linking spoken and written texts to the cultural context of their use.

2. Designing units of work that focus on developing skills in relation to whole texts.

3. Providing students with guided practice as they develop language skills for meaningful communication through whole texts.


(…) The objective of this approach is to make students acquainted with several texts which have a different context. The result will be the following: students will “produce and understand oral and written discourse in various natural or stimulated communicative settings in which they participate with a specific and explicit intention” (Mumba and Mkandawire, 2019, n.p.).

According to this teaching approach, the ability to understand different types of text helps to strengthen overall communicative skills in a second language.

How does a text-based language teaching strategy work?

“The Text-based Integrated Approach means that a series of lessons probably one or two weeks’ work will comprise a unit which centre around a written text. This will have to be chosen carefully by the teacher for its suitability in terms of interest, level of difficulty, and appropriateness to the learners” (Mumba and Mkandawire, 2019, n.p.).

A language, after all, does incorporate different texts. For instance, rather than just teaching isolated words such as teeth, we can make up a story about how important it is to brush our teeth, at least twice a day in order to avoid visits to the dentist. It appears from different studies that students, at any age, learn more effectively when grammar and vocabulary are taught altogether. And, when the teaching material makes students enthusiastic. Consequently, it is recommended to choose texts which will trigger interest. For instance, young children may be interested in animals and cartoons whereas older ones will find topics such as movies, music, sports, or even politics more appealing.

We can divide the language learning activities under the text-based approach into two different categories: Working on the text and working from the text.

Working on the text includes exercises that test the student’s understanding of the text. Among them, there are exercises like gap-filling (or fillin-the-blanks), writing summary, linking actions, paraphrasing, and sequencing events for example.

Among working from the text exercises, there are debating the idea presented in the text, finding arguments for and against the topic or thesis presented by the text, developing a conversation between student groups using the text’s topic and vocabulary. Working from the text activities test the student’s ability to decode at a deeper level the message of the text and to use the information learned in a communicative context. Such activities allow for training both the student’s reading and speaking skills.

What are the main advantages of the text-based language teaching approach?

Lessons can integrate debates, roles plays, drama, or any sort of competition if preparation is given. This method implies that “teaching should focus on all the four language skills (speaking, reading, writing and listening). All activities are designed with reference to a particular text” (Mumba and Mkandawire, 2019, n.p.). This particular method seems to increase memorization and overall learning. As Study.com points out students can understand the meaning of new words by themselves by reading them in context and can also quickly acquire new vocabulary that evolves around that one topic.


Disponível em: https://sanako.com/a-text-based-language-teaching-methodology. Acesso em: 27 nov. 2025. (Adaptado).
What does a Text-based Approach imply?
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Q3877276 Inglês
As stated by McCarthy, in An Introduction to English Morphology, “a proverb is a traditional saying, syntactically a sentence, whose conventional interpretation differs from what is suggested by the literal meaning of the words it contains.”
Associate the meaning with the proverb. 

PROVERBS
1. Beggars can’t be choosers 2. A stitch in time saves nine 3. Every cloud has a silver lining 4. Too many cooks spoil the broth 5. It is no use crying over spilt milk
MEANINGS
( ) If you depend on others, you can’t be too picky. ( ) Even difficult situations have something positive hidden within them. ( ) Having too many people involved in a task makes it harder to complete. ( ) After an accident one should look to the future, rather than waste time wishing the accident had no happened. ( ) Anticipating a future problem and taking care to avoid it is less troublesome in the long run than responding to the problem after it has arisen.

The correct sequence of this association is:
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Q3877273 Inglês
According to ideas developed by Brown and Abeywickrama, in Language assessment: principles and classroom practices, indicate whether each of the following statements about the advantages of standardized tests is true (T) or false (F).

( ) Readily available product. ( ) Easily administered only to small groups. ( ) Previously validated product (in many cases). ( ) Streamlined scoring and reporting procedures. ( ) As an indirect testing, it will always elicit a good sample of performance.
According to the statements, the correct sequence is:
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Q3877272 Inglês
Considering the statements presented by Lightbown and Spada, in How Languages are Learned, about the behaviourist perspective, a theory of learning that was very influential in the 1940s and 1950s, especially in the United States, analyze the following assertions.

I- The behavourists viewed imitation and practice as the primary processes in language development.

II- This theory gives great importance to the environment as the source of everything the child needs to learn.

III- Traditional behaviourists hypothesized that when children imitated the language produced by those around them, their attempts to reproduce what they heard received ‘positive reinforcement’.

IV- Encouraged by their environment, children would continue to imitate and practice the sounds and patterns until they formed ‘habits’ of correct language use.

V- According to this view, the quality and quantity of the language the child hears, as well as the consistency of the reinforcement offered by others in the in the environment, would not shape the child’s language behaviour.


It is correct only what is stated in 
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Q3877270 Inglês
Indicate whether each of the following statements presented by Jeremy Harmer, in The practice of English language teaching, about the advantages of nonnative-English-speaker teachers, is true (T) or false (F).

( ) They have often had the same experience of learning English as their students.
( ) They are frequently considerably more familiar with local customs and learning styles.
( ) On the vast majority of contexts, in countries all over the world, English is taught by non-nativeEnglish-speaker teachers.
( ) They represent a “Western culture” from which spring the ideals both of the English language and English language teaching methodology.

According to the statements, the correct sequence is:
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Q3872719 Inglês

Why Even Basic A.I. Use Is So Bad for Students


    Last spring, it became clear to me that over half the students in my large general education lecture course had used artificial intelligence tools, contrary to my explicit policy, to write their final take-home exams. (Ironically, the course was titled Contemporary Moral Problems: The Value of Human Life.) I had asked them about some very recent work in philosophy, parts of which happened to share titles with entirely different ideas in medieval theology. You can guess which topics the students ended up “writing” about.

    My situation was hardly unique — rampant A.I. cheating has been reported all over the country. But I felt a dread I struggled to express until a colleague articulated the problem in stark terms: “Our students are about to turn subcognitive,” she said. That was it. At stake are not just specialized academic skills or refined habits of mind but also the most basic form of cognitive fluency. To leave our students to their own devices — which is to say, to the devices of A.I. companies — is to deprive them of indispensable opportunities to develop their linguistic mastery, and with it their most elementary powers of thought. This means they will lack the means to understand the world they live in or navigate it effectively.



Fonte: Berg, Anastasia. The New York Times, 2025. Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/29/opinion/ai-students-thinking-school-reading.html 

According to the author, what is the main risk of students relying heavily on artificial intelligence tools?
Alternativas
Q3872718 Inglês

Why Even Basic A.I. Use Is So Bad for Students


    Last spring, it became clear to me that over half the students in my large general education lecture course had used artificial intelligence tools, contrary to my explicit policy, to write their final take-home exams. (Ironically, the course was titled Contemporary Moral Problems: The Value of Human Life.) I had asked them about some very recent work in philosophy, parts of which happened to share titles with entirely different ideas in medieval theology. You can guess which topics the students ended up “writing” about.

    My situation was hardly unique — rampant A.I. cheating has been reported all over the country. But I felt a dread I struggled to express until a colleague articulated the problem in stark terms: “Our students are about to turn subcognitive,” she said. That was it. At stake are not just specialized academic skills or refined habits of mind but also the most basic form of cognitive fluency. To leave our students to their own devices — which is to say, to the devices of A.I. companies — is to deprive them of indispensable opportunities to develop their linguistic mastery, and with it their most elementary powers of thought. This means they will lack the means to understand the world they live in or navigate it effectively.



Fonte: Berg, Anastasia. The New York Times, 2025. Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/29/opinion/ai-students-thinking-school-reading.html 

Why does the author mention that the course was titled “Contemporary Moral Problems: The Value of Human Life”?
Alternativas
Q3872357 Inglês
The return-to-office paradox, and other trends in jobs and skills this month

    (...) Company leaders frequently argue that office mandates are crucial for collaboration and creativity. Face-to-face interactions can significantly increase output, research from 2022 shows. A study by MIT on Silicon Valley knowledge-sharing found that cutting in-person meetings by 25% had the power to reduce patent citations by 8%. Further analysis of Microsoft engineers in Nature found that all-remote work led to more rigid, siloed networks and less realtime collaboration. The research says remote works… Despite a growing push from corporate leaders to bring people back to the office, the data tells a different story: Productivity gains are real: A study of a call centre in Türkiye that went fully remote found agents handled 10% more calls than pre-pandemic; Flexibility supports wellbeing and retention: A study of a Chinese travel agency found that staff allowed to work from home two days a week were 33% less likely to quit and reported higher satisfaction; Flexible work and gender equity: The study in Türkiye also remote work increased the share of women in the workforce from 50% to 76% by early 2023 - well above the country's female labour force participation of 35%. (...)
    But does fully remote work? While fully remote workers report more engagement and enthusiasm than their in-office peers, they also experience higher rates of stress, loneliness and emotional distress. According to Gallup's ‘remote work paradox’, the absence of daily social connection and navigating tech advance alone can take a toll, especially over time. A recent survey of 25,000 Europeans found hybrid work best for psychological health and innovation, but the key is flexibility. McKinsey highlights six practices for successful hybrids, including clear norms, regular in-person time and building trust.

Fonte: Sharma, Shuvasish.World Economic Forum, 2025. Disponível em: https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/08/return-to-office-flexibility-remote-work/
What does the text suggest is the most balanced approach to work, based on the research presented?
Alternativas
Q3872356 Inglês
The return-to-office paradox, and other trends in jobs and skills this month

    (...) Company leaders frequently argue that office mandates are crucial for collaboration and creativity. Face-to-face interactions can significantly increase output, research from 2022 shows. A study by MIT on Silicon Valley knowledge-sharing found that cutting in-person meetings by 25% had the power to reduce patent citations by 8%. Further analysis of Microsoft engineers in Nature found that all-remote work led to more rigid, siloed networks and less realtime collaboration. The research says remote works… Despite a growing push from corporate leaders to bring people back to the office, the data tells a different story: Productivity gains are real: A study of a call centre in Türkiye that went fully remote found agents handled 10% more calls than pre-pandemic; Flexibility supports wellbeing and retention: A study of a Chinese travel agency found that staff allowed to work from home two days a week were 33% less likely to quit and reported higher satisfaction; Flexible work and gender equity: The study in Türkiye also remote work increased the share of women in the workforce from 50% to 76% by early 2023 - well above the country's female labour force participation of 35%. (...)
    But does fully remote work? While fully remote workers report more engagement and enthusiasm than their in-office peers, they also experience higher rates of stress, loneliness and emotional distress. According to Gallup's ‘remote work paradox’, the absence of daily social connection and navigating tech advance alone can take a toll, especially over time. A recent survey of 25,000 Europeans found hybrid work best for psychological health and innovation, but the key is flexibility. McKinsey highlights six practices for successful hybrids, including clear norms, regular in-person time and building trust.

Fonte: Sharma, Shuvasish.World Economic Forum, 2025. Disponível em: https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/08/return-to-office-flexibility-remote-work/
According to the text, why are many workers resisting return-to-office mandates? 
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Q3871600 Inglês

Consider the excerpt below from two different genres:



(1) News report:


"Authorities confirmed that the bridge will remain closed until structural inspections are completed."



(2) Personal narrative:


"I remember standing by the bridge that morning, watching the workers check every beam as if the whole town depended on it."



Mark the alternative with the logical linguistic difference about these two genres: 

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Q3871591 Inglês
Which option BEST describes a key linguistic difference between narrative and expository texts?
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Q3870854 Inglês

“Roman aqueducts were advanced hydraulic-engineering systems designed to transport water from distant springs to cities, bath complexes, and public fountains. Built with arches, elevated channels, and underground tunnels, they combined technical precision with topographic knowledge. Their durability and efficiency continue to influence modern water-supply projects.”.



The text about Roman aqueducts presents information organized objectively, explaining structural and functional characteristics of this hydraulic system. Considering principles of text typology and textual genre, choose the correct alternative:

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Q3870850 Inglês

Read the following sentence carefully:



“Despite the heavy rain, Sarah continued her lecture with remarkable clarity and confidence. Her students, however, seemed distracted and tired.”



Sign the best explanation about the grammatical and discourse functions in the excerpt:

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Q3870846 Inglês

Read the excerpts below, each from a different text genre:



(A) News article:


“Government officials announced new measures to reduce energy consumption across the country.”



(B) Advertisement:


“Looking for the perfect gift? Try our new fragrance and feel the difference!”



(C) Academic abstract:


“This study investigates the impact of digital tools on students” vocabulary acquisition.”



Considering the linguistic aspects and communicative purposes typical of these genres, choose the correct statement: 

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Q3870574 Inglês
"Information technology provides teachers an endless choice of multimedia, software, applications and devices for creating more exciting, interactive lessons. […] Information Technology is indivisible part of education in the twenty-first century, when used correctly in the classroom, it can allow students to experience situations and circumstances that the students of 20 years ago could only dream about. Through technology, books and figures can suddenly become alive and applicable to the real world. In addition, information technology provides an even greater avenue for interaction between teacher and students. At the English lessons different videos, exercises, games, listening drills may be done. So, it makes learning English available to a wider range of learners as well." (Rodinadze; Zarbazoia, 2012, p.272)

RODINADZE, S., & ZARBAZOIA, K. The Advantages of Information Technology in Teaching English Language. Frontiers of Language and Teaching. Vol. 3, 2012, pages 271-275.

Choose the alternative that brings WRONG information about Information Technology in the classroom.
Alternativas
Q3870573 Inglês
"Active methodologies encompass a broad framework of approaches, strategies, and learning activities that work with students' autonomy and creativity in the construction and application of knowledge. Among the active teaching-learning methods, the best known are: Flipped Classroom, Problem-Based Learning, Gamification, Hybrid Teaching, Project-Based Learning, Design Thinking, Cooperative Learning, Experiential Team Activity, Portfolio, films, storytelling, theatrical technique, technical visit, seminar, debate, case study, Verbalization Group and Observation Group, role-play, field practice, among others." (Moran, 2013; Pessoa et al, 2019; Leal et al, 2019; Nogueira et al, 2020 apud Nascimento; Oliveira-Melo, 2022, p.3)

NASCIMENTO, W. C.; OLIVEIRA-MELO, F. G. English language and active learning: challenges, experiences, and perspectives from teachers. Research, Society and Development, v. 11, n. 6, 2022. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/29345. Acesso em: 10 nov. 2024.

Choose the INCORRECT item about flipped classroom.
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Q3870571 Inglês
The Curricular Guidelines for High School - MT (2012, p.90) approach some effects of global expansion of English language teaching around the world. According to them, the expansion of English in the world and its relationship with other languages was not something innocent. It is solidly rooted in the colonial period of the British Empire and in ideological arguments related to language teaching in the world to promote capitalist interests.

Mato Grosso. Secretaria de Estado de Educação. Orientações Curriculares: Área de Linguagens: Educação Básica. Cuiabá: Gráfica Print, 2012

From those considerations, it is CORRECT to say that:
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Q3870569 Inglês
The Curricular Guidelines for High School (2006, p.87) propose new aims for Foreign Languages teaching.

BRASIL. Ministério da Educação: Secretaria de Educação Básica. Orientações Curriculares para o Ensino Médio: Linguagens, códigos e suas tecnologias. Brasília, 2006, p.87.

Choose the item(s) that point(s) those new aims.

I. To revisit the reflection on the educational role of foreign language teaching in High School and emphasize its importance.
II. To reaffirm the relevance of the notion of citizenship and discuss the practice of this concept in foreign language teaching.
III. To discuss the problem of exclusion in education in the face of "globalizing" values and the feeling of inclusion often associated with knowledge of foreign languages.
IV. To introduce theories on language (literacies, multiliteracies, multimodality, hypertext).
V. To provide suggestions for the practice of foreign language teaching through new technologies.

Choose the CORRECT alternative.
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Q3870568 Inglês
PCNs (2000, p.28) bring some competencies and skills to be developed in Modern Foreign Languages and make some reflection about what to teach.

BRASIL. Ministério da Educação: Secretaria de Educação Básica. Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (Ensino Médio). Parte II - Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias. 2000. 

Choose the INCORRECT sentence about the discussion presented in PCNs (2000) about foreign language teaching.
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Q3870567 Inglês
"The multiliteracies approach in English Language Teaching in 21st Century Paradigm is a learning that has long been echoed in the world of education. However, there are still some people who are opaque about those multiliteracies. The teaching paradigm with a multiliteracies approach in this paper is defined as a strategic concept of English Language teaching that is not only limited to teaching language skills (listening, speaking, writing, and reading), but rather more complex in the practice of cultural and social accuracy. Thus, learning leads to cognitive, affective, and psychomotor enrichment through a variety of learning content that is integrated with social and cultural understanding of learners." (Siyaswati, 2019, p.1)

SIYASWATI. Multiliteracies Approach in English Language Teaching Paradigm in 21st Century. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Volume 434. Pages 90 - 96. Disponível em: https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/iconelt-19/125939251. Acesso em: 03 mai. 2025. 

After reading Siyaswati´s definition of multiliteracies, judge the items as (T) TRUE or (F) FALSE about the role of multiliteracies in English Language Teaching (ELT).

( ) The multiliteracies pedagogy in ELT is inclusive, as it makes provision for learners with different learning styles and abilities as well as learners who struggle with conventional literacy skills.
( ) ELT pedagogy based on multiliteracies moves English language learning beyond just the acquisition of language skills, and supports the development of critical literacy.
( ) Multiliteracies try to integrate technologies (e.g., new literacies; digital m edia) in the classroom and are characterized by four pedagogical practices (situated practice, overt instruction, critical framing, and transformed practice), and cultural and social practices.
( ) ELT pedagogy based on multiliteracies considers language is still taught as a set of productive (speaking and writing) and receptive (listening and reading) skills.

Choose the CORRECT sequence.
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Respostas
541: C
542: A
543: D
544: D
545: E
546: C
547: B
548: C
549: D
550: D
551: B
552: D
553: C
554: A
555: C
556: E
557: D
558: E
559: A
560: A