Questões de Concurso
Sobre falso cognatos | false cognates em inglês
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The world cup debutants determined to prove nothing is impossible
When the 2026 FIFA World Cup kicks off on June 11 in Mexico City, it will set in motion a flurry of historic firsts.
A newly expanded 48-team tournament, three countries: the US, Canada and Mexico as hosts and we’ll also get to see four debutants in the shape of Curaçao, Jordan, Uzbekistan and Cape Verde.
It was in October of last year that Cape Verde, the African archipelago nation — with a population of just over half a million people — qualified for its first ever World Cup after beating Eswatini 3-0 to become the third-smallest country after Curaçao and Iceland eight years ago to make it through to football’s biggest stage.
It was a feat made even more impressive by the fact the Blue Sharks ended up four points ahead of traditional continental powerhouse Cameroon, topping their Confederation of African Football qualifying group in the process.
It’s no wonder the team’s head coach Pedro Leitão Brito — better known as Bubista — was beaming with pride when he dropped by the CNN studios in Atlanta recently as part of a visit to Mercedes-Benz stadium, where Cape Verde will begin their World Cup campaign on June 15 against the 2010 winners and reigning European champions, Spain.
“We are so excited. I think the people are so excited and we’re going to do our best for our people,” Bubista — a distinguished former captain and defender on the national team — told CNN Sports.
Bubista oversaw a truly history-making qualifying campaign. A sequence of results that included a highly impressive five straight wins, the highlight of which featured a never-to-be-forgotten 1-0 triumph over the Cameroonians in September 2025.
But it’s October 13, 2025, that will be indelibly etched into the memory of all who witnessed Cape Verde’s historic win against Eswatini. A victory that would spark frenzied celebrations of joy in the country’s capital city Praia.
“Our people are so excited and so happy. Our people in the world, it’s just so great for our qualification and now our people are so grateful for everything,” Bubista added.
Cape Verde may be about to play in a first ever World Cup, but the national team is no stranger to success when it comes to competing in the Africa Cup of Nations having reached the quarterfinals in 2013 and then again, a decade later. Bubista oversaw the latter campaign but now the head coach’s focus is fully on his team’s tournament opener against Spain.
“We know it’s a very difficult match … They have very good players. We will respect them but anything is possible. We’re going to do our best to show the world what we can do in football,” Bubista reflected.
“We know it’s a hard game, but we have our heart and team spirit and this is important for us. Our unity is our strength,” he added.
The Blue Sharks will arrive in the US with a talented squad including Villarreal’s Logan Costa, Paris Saint-Germain 18-year-old Fabio Domingos and 36-year-old Ryan Mendes, who is the country’s most-capped player — with more than 90 appearances for the national team — and is Cape Verde’s all-time leading goalscorer.
And then there’s the remarkable story of the Shamrock Rovers forward Roberto “Pico” Lopes who was born in Ireland, but when it comes to international football, represents Cape Verde, currently ranked 69th in the world.
Lopes had always wanted to play for Ireland but when that didn’t materialize, he ended up playing for his father’shomeland after famously being recruited through a LinkedIn message from then-team head coach Rui Águas. Initially Lopes ignored the first message sent in Portuguese as spam but not the second one sent a few months later in English.
Fonte: https://edition.cnn.com/sport/cape-verde-world-cup-debutants-nothing-isimpossible-spc. Excerto. Acessado em: 07/06/2026.
Os false cognates, (false friends), constituem um dos principais desafios para aprendizes de Língua Inglesa, pois apresentam semelhança gráfica com palavras da Língua Portuguesa, mas possuem significados diferentes.
Considerando-se o contexto de cada sentença, assinale a alternativa em que a palavra sublinhada está, corretamente, interpretada.
"I didn't realize you were waiting for me."
Choose the alternative in which the underlined word is not a false cognate in English.
I. In the sentence “She is at the library”, the word library means biblioteca.
II.In the sentence “Actually, I think you are right”, the word actually means atualmente.
Ill.In the sentence “We go to college together”, the word college means faculdade.
IV.In the sentence “The teacher used to argue with the students”, the word argue means arguir.
V.In the sentence “My brother is an expert in design”, the word expert means especialista.
Which alternative presents the statements with correct interpretations?
False cognates are words with similar spelling or pronunciation in two languages, but with distinct meanings in current use. Regarding false cognates between English and Portuguese, mark T for the true statements and F for the false statements:
(__)The word "actually", in English, means "in fact" or "in truth", differing from the Portuguese word "atualmente".
(__)The word "pretend", in English, means "to feign" or "to simulate", differing from the Portuguese verb "pretender".
(__)The word "parents", in English, corresponds to relatives in general, including uncles and cousins, in equivalent use to the Portuguese term "parentes".
(__)The word "college", in English, corresponds to "colégio" in the sense of a secondary school of Basic Education, in equivalent use to the Portuguese term.
After analysis, choose the alternative that presents the correct sequence of the items above, from top to bottom:
1."We had a hot supper on the occasion, graced by the inevitable roast fowl, and we had some flip to finish with. We were all very low, and none the higher for pretending to be in spirits." (Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens).
2."The surgeon deposited it in her arms. She imprinted her cold white lips passionately on its forehead; passed her hands over her face; gazed wildly round; shuddered; fell back-- and died. They chafed her breast, hands, and temples; but the blood had stopped forever". (Oliver Twist, by Charles Dickens)
3."Mortimer had stayed to dinner, and he and the baronet played écarté afterwards. The butler brought me my coffee into the library, and I took the chance to ask him a few questions". (The Hound of the Baskervilles, by Sir Arthur Doyle).
In every quote, a false cognate can be found. Which ones are they?
I. In Portuguese, "publicidade" often means advertislng paid for by a company.
II. In English, publicity can be free/earned media, including news coverage or viral attention.
III. In this case "publicidade / publicity" is a false friend, but in a nuanced way, not a 100 % "opposite meaning" one.
The CORRECT statements are
(__) Collocations são combinações habituais de palavras que soam naturais para falantes nativos, como o uso de "make" em "make a mistake" e "do" em "do homework".
(__) Um campo semântico refere-se a um grupo de palavras que compartilham um tema comum, como "physician," "nurse," e "surgeon" dentro do campo da medicina.
(__) O fenômeno dos "false cognates" descreve palavras que possuem ortografia semelhante em inglês e português e que compartilham exatamente o mesmo significado em qualquer contexto.
(__) A fixidez das collocations permite que o falante substitua livremente os termos por sinônimos dicionarizados sem alterar a naturalidade ou a correção idiomática da frase.
Após análise, assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência CORRETA dos itens acima, de cima para baixo:
(__)The word "actual" in English is a false cognate that means "na verdade" or "real", and it should not be translated as "atual" in Portuguese.
(__)The English term "novel" refers to a long fictional narrative in prose (romance), while the Portuguese word "novela" is typically translated as "soap opera" or "short novel".
(__)"Comprehensive" is a cognate word that shares exactly the same meaning with "compreensivo" in Portuguese, usually describing someone who is empathetic.
(__)Lexical precision in academic English requires the use of phrasal verbs instead of Latinate single-word equivalents to increase the level of formality and abstraction.
Now, choose the CORRECT alternative with the sequence from top to bottom:
I. A clear cognate pair guarantees identical meaning, so context checking becomes a minor step in reading.
II. Recognizing cognates can speed up global understanding, especially when combined with context and genre cues that confirm the intended sense.
III. False cognates can be handled by attending to collocations and typical patterns that differ between English and Portuguese in how words combine.
IV. A strategic move in reading is to treat a suspected cognate as a hypothesis and verify it against modifiers, examples or contrast cues nearby.
V. Early reading tasks should avoid cognates because learners tend to treat most cognates as false friends over time.
The CORRECT statements are:
According to the text, there is misunderstanding because
Read the text below and answer the questions:
New beginnings in Wrocław: The refugee students building brighter futures
Eighteen-year-old Daria hopes to begin studying psychology at the university in Wroclaw, Poland in the autumn. She already knows what career she wants to pursue: working with formerly incarcerated individuals to support their reintegration into society.
“I want to help people start a new life after having made mistakes,” Daria says. “I believe everyone deserves a chance to change, and I want to support them.” Three years ago, it wasn’t clear that Daria would be able to study psychology at all – or even graduate from secondary school. In early 2022, with the escalation of the war in Ukraine, she was forced to leave her home of Kryvyi Rih in central Ukraine for Wroclaw, together with her mother and younger brother.
Daria was one of hundreds of Ukrainians who ended up at the same high school in Wroclaw. Wrocław’s multicultural identity has long been a source of pride, and the school is no different: out of its 1,500 students, 500 are from Ukraine. There are also students from Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Kenya, among other countries.
Still, the transition to life in a different country, while being separated from loved ones who remained in Ukraine, was not easy. In the first few months, Daria herself needed psychological support.
Eighteen-year-old Daria hopes to study psychology at university. If that doesn’t work out, she is also considering game design as a backup plan, inspired by her strong interest in video games.
Eighteen-year-old Daria hopes to study psychology at university. If that doesn’t work out, she is also considering game design as a backup plan, inspired by her strong interest in video games.
Fortunately, she found support from the educators and staff at her school. This included the school psychologist, who is Polish but speaks Ukrainian. Her teachers also helped. “They genuinely do everything they can to help us adapt,” Daria says.
“They show us that they are learning together with us – they’re not pretending to know everything. They make mistakes too, they apologize, and everything feels very natural and supportive.”
For 18-year-old Kamila, who graduated from the same high school this year, the language barrier was the greatest challenge. “You don’t immediately understand what the teachers are saying, and you have to ask several times,” she says. “They couldn’t really explain either, because they didn’t speak Ukrainian. That was very hard for me.”
Kamila recalls that during her first months at the new secondary school, she had little time for her hobbies – she spent nearly all her free time learning Polish and keeping up with school assignments. Kamila recalls that during her first months at the new secondary school, she had little time for her hobbies – she spent nearly all her free time learning Polish and keeping up with school assignments.
Subjects like physics and biology were especially difficult because of the complex technical vocabulary. “I had to learn every term from scratch,” says Kamila, who came from IvanoFrankivsk, western Ukraine, with her family in 2022.
Learning Polish wasn’t only key to succeeding in school, but to feeling connected. “Only after I overcame the language barrier I did start participating in extracurricular activities at school,” Kamila explains. “It was important for me to build friendships with Polish students too.”
Despite these difficulties, Kamila now dreams of becoming a translator and is currently learning English and German in addition to Polish.
Seventeen-year-old Sofia, another graduate of the high school, shares this love of language. She studies English, Polish and German. “Aside from languages, I also love history,” she says.
Seventeen-year-old Sofia, who graduated this year from a secondary school in Wrocław, dreams of a career as a translator. She has applied to several universities in Wrocław to pursue her studies.
Seventeen-year-old Sofia, who graduated this year from a secondary school in Wrocław, dreams of a career as a translator. She has applied to several universities in Wrocław to pursue her studies.
Sofia’s passion for history deepened her connection to Wrocław, one of Poland’s oldest and most culturally rich cities. “I really like Wrocław, and right now I think that if my future is in Poland, it will be in this city,” she says.
Like many of her peers, Sofia’s first steps in a new country were filled with fear and uncertainty.
“At the beginning, it was a bit scary – a different country, a different culture, a different language,” she recalls. “But there were actually many kind people who were ready to help. Thanks to them, I managed to adapt, and now I feel quite good living here.”
As well as graduating with honors from her school in Ukraine, in Wroclaw, Sofia received the red stripe distinction, a special recognition for outstanding academic results in Polish schools. She also earned a scholarship for being the top-performing student in the school last year.
Seventeen-year-old Sofia and her mother, Tetiana. The family plans to stay in Poland, as Sofia sees her future in this country.
Sofia and her mother, Tetiana. The family plans to stay in Poland, as Sofia sees her future in this country.
Her family has recently decided to stay in Poland.
“Our daughter sees her future here, and we are ready to support her decision,” her mother Tetiana says.
These stories are a powerful reminder of the resilience and potential of young people when they are given the right opportunities and support.
As we mark International Youth Day, UNICEF celebrates youth like Daria, Kamila and Sofia – who, despite the trauma of war and displacement, are building their futures through education, courage, and determination.
UNICEF, in partnership with local governments and civil society, remains committed to ensuring that every young person has access to quality education and support, no matter their background or circumstances.
This work for refugee children and caregivers from Ukraine in Poland is made possible thanks to the generous support of the Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration of the US Department of State (PRM) and the Government of the Republic of Korea and the Government of Japan.
Source: https://www.unicef.org/eca/stories/new-beginnings-in-Wroclaw
Cross-linguistic influence affects how learners process vocabulary in their target language, particularly when surface similarities mask semantic divergence. The text contains terms that may give rise to misleading lexical associations for Brazilian Portuguese speakers.
Select the alternative that correctly identifies the semantic value of the term “scholarship” in the textual context and the lexical association that may interfere with its interpretation.
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