Questões de Concurso Sobre análise sintática | syntax parsing em inglês

Foram encontradas 610 questões

Q3524660 Inglês
   Implied in any consideration of the role of styles and strategies in learning a second language are three linked concepts: autonomy, awareness, and action. These three “As” of learner development have taken on significance in recent years, especially with increasing pedagogical emphasis on learner-centered language teaching (Wenden,2002). A review of the history of language teaching will reveal some interesting “changing winds and shifting sands”. One way of looking at this history is to consider the extent to which methodological trends have emphasized the respective roles of the teacher and the learner. Until some of the “designer” methods appeared in the 1970s, most of language teaching methodology was teacher centered. Students entered a classroom, sat down dutifully in their desks, and waited for the teacher to tell them what to do. Those directives might have been to translate a passage, to memorize a rule, or to repeat a dialogue. Then, the profession seemed to discover the value of learner autonomy in the form of allowing learners to do things like initiate oral production, solve problems in small groups, practice language forms in pairs, and practice using the language outside of the classroom.

   The literature on the topic raises some caution flags, though. Schmenk (2005) appropriately described the nonuniversality of the concept of autonomy, and Pennycook (1994) warned us about the potential cultural imperialism involved in assuming every culture equally values and promotes autonomy, especially in educational institutions. For language teaching in sub-Saharan Africa, Sonaiya (2002, p. 106) questioned “the global validity of the so-called autonomous method of language learning ... which has obvious origins in European and North American traditions of individualism.” However, some recent studies are more encouraging, underscoring the need for teachers to be sensitive to the cultural background of students.


(HARMER, Jeremy. 1998. How to teach English. Adaptado)
Dos trechos retirados do texto, aquele em que a palavra em negrito assume o papel de substantivo no contexto é
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Q3524657 Inglês
   Technology has always been at the forefront of human education. From the days of carving figures on rock walls to today, when most students are equipped with several portable technological devices at any given time, technology continues to push educational capabilities to new levels. In looking at where educational methods and tools have come from to where they are going in the future, technology’s importance in the classroom is evident now more than ever.

   In the Colonial years, wooden paddles with printed lessons, called Horn-Books, were used to assist students in learning verses. Over 200 years later, in 1870, technology advanced to include the Magic Lantern, a primitive version of a slide projector that projected images printed on glass plates. By the time World War I ended, around 8000 lantern slides were circulating through the Chicago public school system. By the time the Chalkboard came around in 1890, followed by the pencil in 1900, it was clear that students were hungry for more advanced educational tools.

   Examples of these are: in the 1920s, radio sparked an entirely new wave of learning; on-air classes began popping up for any student within listening range. Next came the overhead projector in 1930, followed by the ballpoint pen in 1940 and headphones in 1950. Videotapes arrived on the scene in 1951, creating a new and exciting method of instruction.

   The pre-computer years were formative in the choices made for computers in the years following. Immediate response-type systems (video, calculator, Scantron) had become necessary, and quick production of teaching materials, using the photocopier, had become a standard. Teachers needed new methods of instruction and testing, and students were looking for new ways to communicate, study, and learn.

   Although the first computers were developed in the ‘30s, everyday use computers were introduced in the ‘80s. When IBM introduced its first personal computer in 1981, the educational world knew that it was on the verge of greatness. The foundation of immediate learning capabilities had been laid. Time magazine declared, “it is the end result of a technological revolution that has been in the making for four decades and is now, quite literally, hitting home.”


(https://education.purdue.edu/. Adaptado)
Select the highlighted adjective clause that can be reduced to an adjective phrase. 
Alternativas
Q3524651 Inglês
   Technology has always been at the forefront of human education. From the days of carving figures on rock walls to today, when most students are equipped with several portable technological devices at any given time, technology continues to push educational capabilities to new levels. In looking at where educational methods and tools have come from to where they are going in the future, technology’s importance in the classroom is evident now more than ever.

   In the Colonial years, wooden paddles with printed lessons, called Horn-Books, were used to assist students in learning verses. Over 200 years later, in 1870, technology advanced to include the Magic Lantern, a primitive version of a slide projector that projected images printed on glass plates. By the time World War I ended, around 8000 lantern slides were circulating through the Chicago public school system. By the time the Chalkboard came around in 1890, followed by the pencil in 1900, it was clear that students were hungry for more advanced educational tools.

   Examples of these are: in the 1920s, radio sparked an entirely new wave of learning; on-air classes began popping up for any student within listening range. Next came the overhead projector in 1930, followed by the ballpoint pen in 1940 and headphones in 1950. Videotapes arrived on the scene in 1951, creating a new and exciting method of instruction.

   The pre-computer years were formative in the choices made for computers in the years following. Immediate response-type systems (video, calculator, Scantron) had become necessary, and quick production of teaching materials, using the photocopier, had become a standard. Teachers needed new methods of instruction and testing, and students were looking for new ways to communicate, study, and learn.

   Although the first computers were developed in the ‘30s, everyday use computers were introduced in the ‘80s. When IBM introduced its first personal computer in 1981, the educational world knew that it was on the verge of greatness. The foundation of immediate learning capabilities had been laid. Time magazine declared, “it is the end result of a technological revolution that has been in the making for four decades and is now, quite literally, hitting home.”


(https://education.purdue.edu/. Adaptado)
The excerpt from the first paragraph “technology’s importance in the classroom” is a noun phrase – a noun and its modifiers and determiners. The nucleus of this noun phrase is: 
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Q3510313 Inglês
Which of the following sentences contains a subject-verb agreement error? 
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Q3510305 Inglês

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


DODGER DILEMMA 

Jammie Dodgers unveils new flavour with an 'exotic twist'... and fans are divided


Biscuit lovers had mixed reactions upon learning there was a new Mango and Passionfruit flavour available to buy at supermarkets.


The 140g packet of biccies is 90p at Sainsbury's and just one of a range of new flavours of the iconic brand.

The flavour is mango and passionfruit. Credit: Facebook


A photo of the mango and passionfruit Jammie Dodgers was shared to the Newfoods UK social media pages where reactions where mixed.


"Wish they would just stick to original!!!! More jam!!!!!!!!" wrote one person.


Another added: "Oh yum."


A third commented: "Tasteless."


And a fourth reacted: "We need to get these."


A spokesperson for Fox Burton's which makes Jammie Dodgers said they expect the new flavours to fly off the shelf.


"We are very excited about these new flavours and expect them to do well in market," the spokesperson told The Sun.


Another of the unique flavours available at supermarkets is cherry, apple and blackcurrant, and strawberry Jammie Dodgers.


Last year, the brand raised eyebrows when shoppers found a re-released banana version of Jammie Dodgers.


The banana flavouring replaces the classic jam filling that Brits have grown to love over the years.


The yellow-flavoured biscuits were first launched in the UK in July 2022 inspired by the Minions film, The Rise of Gru.


It was not the first new flavour the biscuit company has tried - other tempting flavours have been launched such as cherry and apple.


https://www.thesun.co.uk/money/35361009/jammie-dodgers-unveils-new-flavour-exotic-twist/

Which of the following excerpts from the text illustrates a case of subordination, where one clause depends on another?
Alternativas
Q3510304 Inglês

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


DODGER DILEMMA 

Jammie Dodgers unveils new flavour with an 'exotic twist'... and fans are divided


Biscuit lovers had mixed reactions upon learning there was a new Mango and Passionfruit flavour available to buy at supermarkets.


The 140g packet of biccies is 90p at Sainsbury's and just one of a range of new flavours of the iconic brand.

The flavour is mango and passionfruit. Credit: Facebook


A photo of the mango and passionfruit Jammie Dodgers was shared to the Newfoods UK social media pages where reactions where mixed.


"Wish they would just stick to original!!!! More jam!!!!!!!!" wrote one person.


Another added: "Oh yum."


A third commented: "Tasteless."


And a fourth reacted: "We need to get these."


A spokesperson for Fox Burton's which makes Jammie Dodgers said they expect the new flavours to fly off the shelf.


"We are very excited about these new flavours and expect them to do well in market," the spokesperson told The Sun.


Another of the unique flavours available at supermarkets is cherry, apple and blackcurrant, and strawberry Jammie Dodgers.


Last year, the brand raised eyebrows when shoppers found a re-released banana version of Jammie Dodgers.


The banana flavouring replaces the classic jam filling that Brits have grown to love over the years.


The yellow-flavoured biscuits were first launched in the UK in July 2022 inspired by the Minions film, The Rise of Gru.


It was not the first new flavour the biscuit company has tried - other tempting flavours have been launched such as cherry and apple.


https://www.thesun.co.uk/money/35361009/jammie-dodgers-unveils-new-flavour-exotic-twist/

 In the sentence "Jammie Dodgers unveils new flavour with an 'exotic twist'...", which word functions as an adjective that modifies the noun "twist"?
Alternativas
Q3510302 Inglês

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


DODGER DILEMMA 

Jammie Dodgers unveils new flavour with an 'exotic twist'... and fans are divided


Biscuit lovers had mixed reactions upon learning there was a new Mango and Passionfruit flavour available to buy at supermarkets.


The 140g packet of biccies is 90p at Sainsbury's and just one of a range of new flavours of the iconic brand.

The flavour is mango and passionfruit. Credit: Facebook


A photo of the mango and passionfruit Jammie Dodgers was shared to the Newfoods UK social media pages where reactions where mixed.


"Wish they would just stick to original!!!! More jam!!!!!!!!" wrote one person.


Another added: "Oh yum."


A third commented: "Tasteless."


And a fourth reacted: "We need to get these."


A spokesperson for Fox Burton's which makes Jammie Dodgers said they expect the new flavours to fly off the shelf.


"We are very excited about these new flavours and expect them to do well in market," the spokesperson told The Sun.


Another of the unique flavours available at supermarkets is cherry, apple and blackcurrant, and strawberry Jammie Dodgers.


Last year, the brand raised eyebrows when shoppers found a re-released banana version of Jammie Dodgers.


The banana flavouring replaces the classic jam filling that Brits have grown to love over the years.


The yellow-flavoured biscuits were first launched in the UK in July 2022 inspired by the Minions film, The Rise of Gru.


It was not the first new flavour the biscuit company has tried - other tempting flavours have been launched such as cherry and apple.


https://www.thesun.co.uk/money/35361009/jammie-dodgers-unveils-new-flavour-exotic-twist/

Consider the sentence: "We are very excited about these new flavours and expect them to do well in market." Which phrase functions as an adverbial modifier of place?
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Q3506783 Inglês
The line "They'll learn much more than I'll ever know" is an example of the following grammatical structure:
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Q3502700 Inglês
Choose the alternative that presents a subordinating conjunction.
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Q3492028 Inglês
O texto III refere-se à questão.


TEXTO III - How the Minnesota Shootings Suspect Was Caught12


   After an intense two-day manhunt, Minnesota police captured Vance Boelter, 57, the suspect accused of shooting two state lawmakers and their spouses. The arrest took place on Sunday evening in a rural field near Minneapolis. Despite being armed at the time, Mr. Boelter was taken into custody without the use of force, according to official reports.

   The case began early Saturday morning when police responded to a shooting at the home of State Senator John Hoffman. Concerned that the suspect might target other political figures, officers quickly went to the residence of Representative Melissa Hortman. Upon their arrival, Mr. Boelter opened fire on them before escaping on foot through a golf course located behind the house. This incident marked the beginning of what authorities called the largest manhunt in Minnesota's history.

   Throughout the weekend, more than 100 officers and nearly 20 SWAT teams were deployed across Sibley County, a largely rural area southwest of Minneapolis. Law enforcement agencies worked together, setting up a temporary command center in a nearby parking lot to coordinate search operations.

   The breakthrough in the search came on Sunday afternoon when officers discovered Mr. Boelter’s car and hat abandoned on a remote stretch of road. This discovery significantly narrowed the search area. Later, an officer reported seeing someone, believed to be the suspect, running into a wooded area nearby.

   Further confirmation came when a local resident provided footage from a trail camera installed on private property. The image captured on the camera showed a person matching Mr. Boelter’s description. Acting on this evidence, police established a one-square-mile perimeter, deploying drones and police dogs to assist in tracking the suspect’s movements.

   Using aerial surveillance, officers spotted Mr. Boelter crawling through thick shrubs. Drones tracked him from above, allowing SWAT teams to converge on his location without engaging in a violent confrontation. Authorities emphasized that despite the suspect being armed, the arrest was made peacefully and without incident.

  Following the capture, a photo was released showing Mr. Boelter standing in the field where he was apprehended. The image was edited to obscure the faces of the arresting officers for privacy and security reasons. At the command center, law enforcement officials celebrated the successful end to the operation.

  Investigators later praised the rapid response and coordination among different police departments. Officials noted that the quick decision by Brooklyn Park officers to check Representative Hortman’s home shortly after the first shooting may have prevented further violence and shortened the duration of the manhunt.


1 Fonte: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/16/us/minnesota-shooting-suspect-caught-how.html

Acesso em: 16 de junho de 2025

2 (Adapted from: "How the Minnesota Shootings Suspect Was Caught", The New York Times, June 16, 2025)
Which sentence contains a clear example of a direct object following the verb?
Alternativas
Q3456334 Inglês

Leia o cartum para responder à questão.




(https://au.pinterest.com)


Cantaloupes – a variety of melon

The fragment “Only in Math problems can you buy 60 cataloupes”
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Q3439626 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à próxima questão.

    Because the culture of any community has many facets and manifestations, it would be practically impossible to deal with all of them in the classroom and prepare students for the many situations that they might encounter in the course of their functioning in ESL/EFL environments. However, many important aspects of teaching the second culture can be brought forth and addressed via classroom instruction, and some of these are discussed here. The most important long-term benefits of teaching culture may be to provide learners with the awareness and the tools that will allow them to achieve their academic, professional, social, and personal goals and become successful in their daily functioning in L2 environments.


CELCE-MURCIA, M. et alii. Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language. 4th ed. USA, Cengage Learning (2013). Adaptado.
In the part of the text “the awareness and the tools that will allow them to achieve their academic, professional, social, and personal goals” the bolded portion is
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Q3430831 Inglês
Read the paragraph and answer question:


    William Shakespeare (23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616), who was an English playwright, poet and actor, is regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and one of the most famous in the history of humanity. He was very fond of creating words, of which Arch-villain is an example. He also created words by attaching prefixes or suffixes to existing phrases. In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare popped ‘un’ in front of ‘comfortable’ to create a word that’s now used every day by people around the world.


(https://www.shakespeare.org.uk/explore. Adaptado)
The extract from the text “who was an English playwright, poet and actor” is being used as 
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Q3430817 Inglês
Read the text to answer question:


    It is suggested that the field of language teaching has moved away from a reliance on prescriptive methods towards a more nuanced understanding of the complexities of language learning. For example, Richards and Rodgers (1986) note that there have been calls to abandon the search for a single “supermethod” and to instead focus on equipping teachers with “a repertoire of methods and skills that can be used selectively in different contexts”. This reflects a move away from the idea that there is one “right” way to teach language, and towards an approach that values flexibility, adaptability, and a recognition of the diverse contexts in which language learning takes place (Richards, 2001).


    Realistically speaking, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages; up till now, no method has been empirically proven the best for all language educators to blindly adopt without discussion. For example, the current great enthusiasm for (and wide adoption of) the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) method in Egypt can be attributed to the failure of the previously adopted method (i.e. the Grammar-Translation Method) to meet the national language learning goals. It failed to develop a language learner who can communicate properly in English. This does not mean that the CLT will stay forever, especially in this Information and Communication Technology-dominated age (ICT) that has been changing the nature of language and how it should be taught (Abdallah, 2011).


(M. Abdallah, 2024. Disponível em: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED660475.pdf. Adaptado) 
In the sentence taken from the second paragraph of the text “It failed to develop a language learner who can communicate properly in English”, the pronoun in bold refers to “the previously adopted method”. Sometimes, though, the pronoun it does not have a referent, and is used to perform a grammatical function, as in “It is getting late”. In this case, it is sometimes called dummy it or empty it. The sentence in which the pronoun is used this way is:
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Q3430815 Inglês
Read the text to answer question:


    It is suggested that the field of language teaching has moved away from a reliance on prescriptive methods towards a more nuanced understanding of the complexities of language learning. For example, Richards and Rodgers (1986) note that there have been calls to abandon the search for a single “supermethod” and to instead focus on equipping teachers with “a repertoire of methods and skills that can be used selectively in different contexts”. This reflects a move away from the idea that there is one “right” way to teach language, and towards an approach that values flexibility, adaptability, and a recognition of the diverse contexts in which language learning takes place (Richards, 2001).


    Realistically speaking, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages; up till now, no method has been empirically proven the best for all language educators to blindly adopt without discussion. For example, the current great enthusiasm for (and wide adoption of) the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) method in Egypt can be attributed to the failure of the previously adopted method (i.e. the Grammar-Translation Method) to meet the national language learning goals. It failed to develop a language learner who can communicate properly in English. This does not mean that the CLT will stay forever, especially in this Information and Communication Technology-dominated age (ICT) that has been changing the nature of language and how it should be taught (Abdallah, 2011).


(M. Abdallah, 2024. Disponível em: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED660475.pdf. Adaptado) 
Sintagmas nominais são estruturas sintáticas compostas por um substantivo e seus modificadores. No sintagma nominal retirado do segundo parágrafo do texto “this Information and Communication Technology-dominated age”, o núcleo é
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Q3430797 Inglês
Read the text to answer question:


    Language learning styles and strategies are among the main factors that help determine how – and how well – our students learn a second or foreign language. The term L2 is used in this text to refer to either a second or a foreign language, following the tradition in our field.


    Learning styles are the general approaches – global or analytic, auditory or visual – that students use in acquiring a new language or in learning any other subject. These styles are “the overall patterns that give general direction to learning behavior” (Cornett 1983, p. 9). Of great relevance is this statement: “Learning style is the biologically and developmentally imposed set of characteristics that make the same teaching method wonderful for some and terrible for others” (Dunn and Griggs 1988, p. 3).


    Learning strategies are defined as “specific actions, behaviors, steps, or techniques – such as seeking out conversation partners, or giving oneself encouragement to tackle a difficult language task – used by students to enhance their own learning” (Scarcella and Oxford 1992, p. 63). When the learner consciously chooses strategies that fit his or her learning style and the L2 task at hand, these strategies become a useful tool-kit for active, conscious, and purposeful self-regulation of learning. Learning strategies can be classified into six types: cognitive, metacognitive, memoryrelated, compensatory, affective, and social.


(M. Celce-Murcia, 2001. Adaptado)
In the excerpt from the first paragraph “The term L2 is used in this text to refer to either a second or a foreign language”, the terms in bold show the use of the paired conjunctions “either … or”. Sentences with paired conjunctions require parallel structures. Identify the alternative containing both a correct pair of conjunctions and correct parallel sentence structure.
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Q3393769 Inglês
Read the following extract to answer question.


    A friend of mine who is an orchestral conductor was asking me (early in our acquaintance) about what I did for a living. When I told him that apart from other activities, I wrote books about how to teach English he said ‘Books in the plural? Surely once you’ve written one, there’s nothing more to say!’ I wanted to reply that he had just argued himself out of a job (I mean, how many performances of Beethoven symphonies have there been in the twenty-first century alone?), but someone else laughed at his question, another musician made a different comment, the conversation moved on, and so Martin-the-conductor’s flippant enquiry evaporated in the convivial atmosphere of a British pub.


    But his question was a good one. Surely we know how to teach languages? After all, people have been doing it successfully for two thousand years or more, and some aspects of teaching in the past have probably not changed that much. But other things have, and continue to change. Which is (I suppose) why every time I re-examine past assumptions about teaching, I find myself questioning and reinterpreting things I thought were fixed. And of course, I am not alone in this. We all do it all the time – or at least we do if we haven’t closed our minds off from the possibility of change and renewal.


   Language teaching, perhaps more than many other activities, reflects the times it takes place in. Language is about communication, after all, and perhaps that is why philosophies and techniques for learning languages seem to develop and change in tune with the societies which give rise to them. Teaching and learning are very human activities; they are social just as much as they are (in our case) linguistic.


    But it’s not just society that changes and evolves. The last decades have seen what feels like unprecedented technological change. The Internet has seen to that, and other educational technology has not lagged behind. And it’s exciting stuff. I’ve tried to reflect that excitement and newness in parts of this new edition.


(Jeremy Harmer, How to teach English. Adaptado)
Sintagmas nominais são unidades sintáticas compostas de um núcleo (um substantivo) e seus modificadores. No trecho “Martin-the-conductor’s flippant enquiry”, retirado do primeiro parágrafo, o núcleo do sintagma nominal é
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Q3373031 Inglês
Choose the sentence that presents correctly the subject-verb agreement in English. Which sentence is grammatically correct?
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Q3370926 Inglês

TEXT I


Why do birds sing so loudly in the morning in spring? It’s the ‘dawn chorus’ 


As spring begins, so does a fresh song at daybreak, unique to the season. Just before the sun rises, birds start singing their melodies, creating a chirpy symphony.


This phenomenon is known as the dawn chorus, and it’s special for a number of reasons: There are more birds singing at this time of year, and they also sing more often. This energetic burst of birdsong is often louder than usual too. The dawn chorus’ early morning explosion of sounds has even inspired multiple poems and songs.


“It's the epitome of spring,” says Jordan E. Rutter, an ornithologist at the American Bird Conservancy. After the long and cold winter, “all of a sudden you have this influx of so many beautiful birds coming back and singing.”


This harmony of birdsong at dawn happens during a fundamental time of the year. The dawn chorus is, in fact, mostly composed of birds of both genders singing to find a mate so they can breed (though males may sing more).


“There is such a large increase in quantity of song by individuals and the collective,” Rutter says. “These birds sing louder to literally be heard. They need to compete with each other as well, and the louder the better in regards to who is the most impressive mate.”


During this time, males also sing to assert their dominance and claim their territory. “Those songs are how they communicate to other males of the same species, or even just other birds and predators in general, and say, ‘This is my home,’” says Rutter.


In the United States and Canada, the dawn chorus can be heard roughly from March through May, when many bird species migrate there from their winter homes to breed. Peak dawn chorus times might depend on where you live, Rutter says. For example, April is peak for the southern U.S., but birds in Washington, D.C., will put on the best show in early May. (Alternatively, in the tropics, the dawn chorus can be heard almost any time of year, as many birds have a prolonged breeding season in those warmer climates.)


Why is it a ‘dawn’ chorus?


But why birds sing in the early morning is still “an open question,” says Mike Webster, an ornithologist at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. “There's a lot of debate, and I don't think there's any consensus on exactly why it is that everything happens at dawn."


One hypothesis is that weather conditions at daybreak make it easier for birdsong to travel.


“In general, sound travels farther when the air is cooler and more dense. Sound also transmits more clearly (and very slightly faster) when humidity is higher so that details of the song do not degrade as much over distance,” says Heather Williams, a professor at Williams College who has studied the neuroscience of birdsong. She notes that wind may also impede sound transmission. “At dawn, the cooler air results in decreased winds at ground level, so coupled with the higher humidity, sound carries farther and more clearly, with less distortion.”


Extract from 



https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/birds-dawn-chorus (Accessed on 14 April 2025.)

In the fragment, “… as many birds have a prolonged breeding season in those warmer climates”, the word breeding can be considered a type of:
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Q3361770 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


'Why I want an IVF baby to screen out gene that made me go blind'


Blind content creator and TikTok star Lucy Edwards says she's "so excited" to be on a health kick to undergo IVF, but reveals the dilemma she faced in deciding to screen out the very gene that made her blind.


"I'm so broody," the 29-year-old tells the BBC Access All podcast.


Lucy and her husband Ollie married at Kew Gardens two years ago and are now ready to start a family - but there are complications to consider.


Lucy has the rare genetic condition Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP) and lost her sight due to this aged 17, just months after meeting Ollie.


The condition runs through the female line - Lucy's mum has IP although isn't blind, her Grandma did too and her great-aunt was blind in one eye.


Lucy is totally blind, but, if she had been a boy, she may not have survived.


The abnormal IP gene is located on the X chromosome. Women have two X chromosomes, while males have X and Y, meaning the appearance of the gene can be more catastrophic in male pregnancies.


"My grandma actually had nine miscarriages," Lucy says.


This is one of the facts that played into the complicated decision Lucy and Ollie made to opt for pre-implantation genetic testing, a special type of IVF where embryos are created outside of the body and screened for the genetic condition. Only those embryos which are not affected by the condition are placed back into the womb.


Without medical intervention, Lucy says there would be four potential outcomes to any pregnancy she carried: A healthy and unaffected boy or girl, an affected boy she would likely miscarry or who would be born with severe brain damage or an affected girl.


She pauses, then laughs: "That sounds horrible, doesn't it? That's me."


And that's the quandary. IVF will edit out the very thing that has made Lucy who she is today - a journalist, advocate, author and broadcaster.


It is an emotive topic of debate. The most well-known conversation is around Down's syndrome and the number of women who choose to abort a pregnancy once their baby is tested and diagnosed as having the condition. The question is around the value people place on other peoples' lives which may not look like our own.


In 2021 campaigner Heidi Crowter, who herself has Down's syndrome, challenged legislation allowing foetuses with the condition to be aborted up until birth. She took her case to the High Court arguing the rules were discriminatory to disabled people who could live a good life. She lost the case and the subsequent argument she made at the Court of Appeal. The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) later rejected it as well, but Heidi continues to campaign to have the law overturned.


It is something Lucy is very aware of and she and her husband have spent a long time considering.


"It's understanding that it is removing that part of me that makes me, me," Lucy says. "It's such a personal decision and I know that I'm opening myself up for possible designer baby discussions, but I know I'm doing it for the right reasons."


Lucy says first being diagnosed with IP and then losing her sight as a teenager were both traumatic events and she wants to minimise the likelihood of miscarriage to limit any future traumatic load.


She says she found it impossible to "knowingly" consider having a baby naturally once she knew the science was available to give a baby the healthiest start possible.


Q1_9.png (349×238)


"If I had a baby and, unknowingly, I had a gorgeous, gorgeous baby with disabilities, I would be so thankful, so happy and amazed but knowingly having this gene? That's why we're having IVF."


IP doesn't just cause blindness, it can also cause severe epilepsy and more difficult outcomes. Lucy says having the option to ensure complications were not passed on felt like both a responsibility and a privilege previous generations did not have.


"Whether we like it or not, we have to be responsible here. Maybe a responsible issue for you, if you have IP or another genetic disorder, is to have a child naturally and we are not judging you in any shape or form, this is just our decision."


In response to their openness around this decision comments were overwhelmingly positive from Lucy's fans which she thinks might be because she is so "disability positive" in her everyday life - "I love being blind," she frequently states.


But Lucy says responses have been different around the world. When she was working in Japan and her content was reaching audiences unfamiliar with her story, she faced a lot more trolling.


"I got a lot of abusive comments that go into my spam filter questioning why I would be a mother," she says. "I know that I'm going to get a lot of abuse, but I'm just going to block them.


"I'm going to be OK. All I think about is the other mothers that have come before me who are competent, capable and resilient."


Lucy, who is known for her How Does A Blind Girl... series of videos, is overjoyed by the prospect of IVF but she has also been frank about the fact she currently does not qualify, owing to her current weight, a sensitive element of IVF treatment that many keep to themselves.


NHS guidelines specify your Body Mass Index (BMI) must be 30 or under to qualify - a healthy BMI is considered to be between 18.5 and 24.9.


"I need to be a BMI of 30 and I'm very open that I need to lose 9kg," Lucy says. "I've already lost 15kg." 


Her health journey has involved swimming, lifting weights and many runs with Ollie tethered to her as her sighted guide. She has also found a love for batch cooking nutritious meals which she posts about on all of her channels on Instagram, TikTok and YouTube and the workarounds she has developed as a blind cook.


"I wanted a positive representation of losing weight online because it's all about this blinking jab," she says, referring to weight loss injections. "I just wanted to lose it healthily, have lots of nice food, talk about meal prep and just smile and run."


Once she hits the required BMI, Lucy will qualify for three rounds of IVF on the NHS.


She will contact her consultant, after which she has to "spit in a cup" and offer up her DNA for genetic testing and analysis.


Over a period of about three months, a genetics team will "make a bespoke test to find the gene within my eggs," Lucy explains.


Meanwhile Lucy will inject herself with trigger shots to stimulate the follicles within her ovaries to increase the number of eggs produced which will be retrieved, and then made into embryos with Ollie's sperm.


The embryos will then be tested so only ones without the IP gene will be possible candidates. Those embryos will be "shuffled about" so Lucy and Ollie don't know which will be selected in terms of gender or other genetic qualities, and implanted into Lucy, who will carry the baby to term. 


Lucy can't wait for the moment she holds her baby in her arms.


"It will never stop being a thing within my mind that this gene is being eradicated," she admits. "But I am very happy in my decision."


A few days ago Lucy posted on Instagram, her cardigan tightened at the back with a hairband to make it smaller and fit. 


"I've lost so much [weight] that my clothes are too loose now so we had to tie it up with a bobble," she tells her followers.


"Fingers crossed [we're] only a few weeks away from ringing the clinic."


https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y4v7vj039o 
In the text, Lucy is described as "so excited" to undergo IVF and "very open" about her health journey. Which statement best explains the grammatical role of "so" and "very" in these examples? 
Alternativas
Respostas
241: C
242: E
243: D
244: B
245: D
246: A
247: B
248: A
249: B
250: A
251: A
252: B
253: C
254: A
255: B
256: D
257: E
258: C
259: A
260: A