Questões Militares Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês

Foram encontradas 2.315 questões

Ano: 2013 Banca: Aeronáutica Órgão: ITA Prova: Aeronáutica - 2013 - ITA - Aluno - Inglês |
Q546004 Inglês
No contexto deste texto, o item lexical “stifled” (linha 3) pode ser traduzido por
Alternativas
Ano: 2013 Banca: Aeronáutica Órgão: ITA Prova: Aeronáutica - 2013 - ITA - Aluno - Inglês |
Q546003 Inglês
O livro A History of Pi
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Ano: 2013 Banca: Aeronáutica Órgão: ITA Prova: Aeronáutica - 2013 - ITA - Aluno - Inglês |
Q546002 Inglês
O texto foi extraído de um(a)
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Q545945 Inglês

                            WHY IS HANDWRITING IMPORTANT?


 Jotting down a shopping list, writing a birthday card, taking down a phone message, completing a form at the bank ….handwriting is part of our daily lives. It is on show to others and may be used to make judgments about us.

Writing has a very long history. It began as simple pictographs drawn on a rock, which were then combined to represent ideas and developed into more abstract symbols. Just like our writing today, early symbols were used to store information and communicate it to others.

In recent years, modern technology has dramatically changed the way we communicate through writing. However, despite the increased use of computers for writing, the skill of handwriting remains important in education, employment and in everyday life.Time devoted to the teaching and learning of letter formation in the early years will pay off. Legible writing that can be produced comfortably, at speed and with little conscious effort allows a child to attend to the higher-level aspects of writing composition and content. This is important when assessments are based on written work, particularly in time-limited written examinations, which remain as a major form of assessment for many formal qualifications. Without fast and legible handwriting, students may miss out on learning opportunities and under-achieve academically.

Beyond formal education, most employment situations will involve at least some handwriting and many require the communication of critical information (e.g. medical notes, prescriptions).

Thus, handwriting with pen and paper still has an important role from early childhood through our adult lives, but more and more, people are shifting from paper to electronic modes of communication. Interestingly though, many personal computers now have handwriting recognition capability so that handwriting as means of interacting with computers is becoming more pervasive. It seems, therefore, that even in this modern age, handwriting remains an important skill for communication.


Disponível em:<http://www.nha-handwriting.org.uk/handwrinting/why-is-handwriting-important> . Acesso em 29 mai.2013 

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this passage?
Alternativas
Q545944 Inglês

                            WHY IS HANDWRITING IMPORTANT?


 Jotting down a shopping list, writing a birthday card, taking down a phone message, completing a form at the bank ….handwriting is part of our daily lives. It is on show to others and may be used to make judgments about us.

Writing has a very long history. It began as simple pictographs drawn on a rock, which were then combined to represent ideas and developed into more abstract symbols. Just like our writing today, early symbols were used to store information and communicate it to others.

In recent years, modern technology has dramatically changed the way we communicate through writing. However, despite the increased use of computers for writing, the skill of handwriting remains important in education, employment and in everyday life.Time devoted to the teaching and learning of letter formation in the early years will pay off. Legible writing that can be produced comfortably, at speed and with little conscious effort allows a child to attend to the higher-level aspects of writing composition and content. This is important when assessments are based on written work, particularly in time-limited written examinations, which remain as a major form of assessment for many formal qualifications. Without fast and legible handwriting, students may miss out on learning opportunities and under-achieve academically.

Beyond formal education, most employment situations will involve at least some handwriting and many require the communication of critical information (e.g. medical notes, prescriptions).

Thus, handwriting with pen and paper still has an important role from early childhood through our adult lives, but more and more, people are shifting from paper to electronic modes of communication. Interestingly though, many personal computers now have handwriting recognition capability so that handwriting as means of interacting with computers is becoming more pervasive. It seems, therefore, that even in this modern age, handwriting remains an important skill for communication.


Disponível em:<http://www.nha-handwriting.org.uk/handwrinting/why-is-handwriting-important> . Acesso em 29 mai.2013 

According to the passage it can be stated that legible writing
Alternativas
Q545943 Inglês

                            WHY IS HANDWRITING IMPORTANT?


 Jotting down a shopping list, writing a birthday card, taking down a phone message, completing a form at the bank ….handwriting is part of our daily lives. It is on show to others and may be used to make judgments about us.

Writing has a very long history. It began as simple pictographs drawn on a rock, which were then combined to represent ideas and developed into more abstract symbols. Just like our writing today, early symbols were used to store information and communicate it to others.

In recent years, modern technology has dramatically changed the way we communicate through writing. However, despite the increased use of computers for writing, the skill of handwriting remains important in education, employment and in everyday life.Time devoted to the teaching and learning of letter formation in the early years will pay off. Legible writing that can be produced comfortably, at speed and with little conscious effort allows a child to attend to the higher-level aspects of writing composition and content. This is important when assessments are based on written work, particularly in time-limited written examinations, which remain as a major form of assessment for many formal qualifications. Without fast and legible handwriting, students may miss out on learning opportunities and under-achieve academically.

Beyond formal education, most employment situations will involve at least some handwriting and many require the communication of critical information (e.g. medical notes, prescriptions).

Thus, handwriting with pen and paper still has an important role from early childhood through our adult lives, but more and more, people are shifting from paper to electronic modes of communication. Interestingly though, many personal computers now have handwriting recognition capability so that handwriting as means of interacting with computers is becoming more pervasive. It seems, therefore, that even in this modern age, handwriting remains an important skill for communication.


Disponível em:<http://www.nha-handwriting.org.uk/handwrinting/why-is-handwriting-important> . Acesso em 29 mai.2013 

It is implied in the passage that
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Q545940 Inglês

                              ARE YOU A FACEBOOK ADDICT?  


Are you a social media enthusiast or simply a Facebook addict? Researchers from Norway have developed a new instrument to measure Facebook addiction, the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale.


"The use of Facebook has increased rapidly. We are dealing with a subdivision of Internet addiction connected to social media," Doctor of Psychology Cecilie Schou Andreassen says about the study, which is the first of its kind worldwide. 


Andreassen heads the research project  "Facebook Addiction" at the University of Bergen (UiB). An article about the results has just been published in the renowned journal Psychological Reports. She has clear views as to why some people develop Facebook dependency. 


"It occurs more regularly among younger than older users. We have also found that people who are anxious and socially insecure use Facebook more than those with lower scores on those traits, probably because those who are anxious find it easier to communicate via social media than face-to- face," Andreassen says.  


People who are organised and more ambitious tend to be less at risk from Facebook addiction. They will often use social media as an integral part of work and networking. 


"Our research also indicates that women are more at risk of developing Facebook addiction, probably due to the social nature of Facebook," Andreassen says. 


Six warning signs


As Facebook has become as ubiquitous as television in our everyday lives, it is becoming increasingly difficult for many people to know if they are addicted to social media. Andreassen’s study shows that the symptoms of Facebook addiction resemble those of drug  addiction, alcohol addiction and chemical substance addiction. 


The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale is based on six basic criteria, where all items are scored on the following scale: (1) Very rarely, (2) Rarely, (3) Sometimes, (4) Often, (5)Very often, and (6) Always. 


• You spend a lot of time thinking about Facebook or planning to use of Facebook.

• You feel an urge to use Facebook more and more.

• You use Facebook in order to forget about personal problems.

• You have tried to cut down on the use of Facebook without success.

• You become restless or troubled if you are prohibited from using Facebook.

• You use Facebook so much that it has had a negative impact on your job/studies.  


Andreassen’s study shows that scoring “often” or “very often” on at least four of the six items may suggest that you are addicted to Facebook.  


Disponível em: Acesso em:<http://www.sciendedaily.com/release/2012/05/120507102054.htm> Acesso em: 3 jun. 2013 (Texto adaptado)  

According to the passage, which of the following is true about Facebook?
Alternativas
Q545939 Inglês

                              ARE YOU A FACEBOOK ADDICT?  


Are you a social media enthusiast or simply a Facebook addict? Researchers from Norway have developed a new instrument to measure Facebook addiction, the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale.


"The use of Facebook has increased rapidly. We are dealing with a subdivision of Internet addiction connected to social media," Doctor of Psychology Cecilie Schou Andreassen says about the study, which is the first of its kind worldwide. 


Andreassen heads the research project  "Facebook Addiction" at the University of Bergen (UiB). An article about the results has just been published in the renowned journal Psychological Reports. She has clear views as to why some people develop Facebook dependency. 


"It occurs more regularly among younger than older users. We have also found that people who are anxious and socially insecure use Facebook more than those with lower scores on those traits, probably because those who are anxious find it easier to communicate via social media than face-to- face," Andreassen says.  


People who are organised and more ambitious tend to be less at risk from Facebook addiction. They will often use social media as an integral part of work and networking. 


"Our research also indicates that women are more at risk of developing Facebook addiction, probably due to the social nature of Facebook," Andreassen says. 


Six warning signs


As Facebook has become as ubiquitous as television in our everyday lives, it is becoming increasingly difficult for many people to know if they are addicted to social media. Andreassen’s study shows that the symptoms of Facebook addiction resemble those of drug  addiction, alcohol addiction and chemical substance addiction. 


The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale is based on six basic criteria, where all items are scored on the following scale: (1) Very rarely, (2) Rarely, (3) Sometimes, (4) Often, (5)Very often, and (6) Always. 


• You spend a lot of time thinking about Facebook or planning to use of Facebook.

• You feel an urge to use Facebook more and more.

• You use Facebook in order to forget about personal problems.

• You have tried to cut down on the use of Facebook without success.

• You become restless or troubled if you are prohibited from using Facebook.

• You use Facebook so much that it has had a negative impact on your job/studies.  


Andreassen’s study shows that scoring “often” or “very often” on at least four of the six items may suggest that you are addicted to Facebook.  


Disponível em: Acesso em:<http://www.sciendedaily.com/release/2012/05/120507102054.htm> Acesso em: 3 jun. 2013 (Texto adaptado)  

According to the Bergen Facebook addiction scale, it can be said that you may be addicted to Facebook when
Alternativas
Q545938 Inglês

                              ARE YOU A FACEBOOK ADDICT?  


Are you a social media enthusiast or simply a Facebook addict? Researchers from Norway have developed a new instrument to measure Facebook addiction, the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale.


"The use of Facebook has increased rapidly. We are dealing with a subdivision of Internet addiction connected to social media," Doctor of Psychology Cecilie Schou Andreassen says about the study, which is the first of its kind worldwide. 


Andreassen heads the research project  "Facebook Addiction" at the University of Bergen (UiB). An article about the results has just been published in the renowned journal Psychological Reports. She has clear views as to why some people develop Facebook dependency. 


"It occurs more regularly among younger than older users. We have also found that people who are anxious and socially insecure use Facebook more than those with lower scores on those traits, probably because those who are anxious find it easier to communicate via social media than face-to- face," Andreassen says.  


People who are organised and more ambitious tend to be less at risk from Facebook addiction. They will often use social media as an integral part of work and networking. 


"Our research also indicates that women are more at risk of developing Facebook addiction, probably due to the social nature of Facebook," Andreassen says. 


Six warning signs


As Facebook has become as ubiquitous as television in our everyday lives, it is becoming increasingly difficult for many people to know if they are addicted to social media. Andreassen’s study shows that the symptoms of Facebook addiction resemble those of drug  addiction, alcohol addiction and chemical substance addiction. 


The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale is based on six basic criteria, where all items are scored on the following scale: (1) Very rarely, (2) Rarely, (3) Sometimes, (4) Often, (5)Very often, and (6) Always. 


• You spend a lot of time thinking about Facebook or planning to use of Facebook.

• You feel an urge to use Facebook more and more.

• You use Facebook in order to forget about personal problems.

• You have tried to cut down on the use of Facebook without success.

• You become restless or troubled if you are prohibited from using Facebook.

• You use Facebook so much that it has had a negative impact on your job/studies.  


Andreassen’s study shows that scoring “often” or “very often” on at least four of the six items may suggest that you are addicted to Facebook.  


Disponível em: Acesso em:<http://www.sciendedaily.com/release/2012/05/120507102054.htm> Acesso em: 3 jun. 2013 (Texto adaptado)  

It is implied in the passage that
Alternativas
Q545937 Inglês

                              ARE YOU A FACEBOOK ADDICT?  


Are you a social media enthusiast or simply a Facebook addict? Researchers from Norway have developed a new instrument to measure Facebook addiction, the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale.


"The use of Facebook has increased rapidly. We are dealing with a subdivision of Internet addiction connected to social media," Doctor of Psychology Cecilie Schou Andreassen says about the study, which is the first of its kind worldwide. 


Andreassen heads the research project  "Facebook Addiction" at the University of Bergen (UiB). An article about the results has just been published in the renowned journal Psychological Reports. She has clear views as to why some people develop Facebook dependency. 


"It occurs more regularly among younger than older users. We have also found that people who are anxious and socially insecure use Facebook more than those with lower scores on those traits, probably because those who are anxious find it easier to communicate via social media than face-to- face," Andreassen says.  


People who are organised and more ambitious tend to be less at risk from Facebook addiction. They will often use social media as an integral part of work and networking. 


"Our research also indicates that women are more at risk of developing Facebook addiction, probably due to the social nature of Facebook," Andreassen says. 


Six warning signs


As Facebook has become as ubiquitous as television in our everyday lives, it is becoming increasingly difficult for many people to know if they are addicted to social media. Andreassen’s study shows that the symptoms of Facebook addiction resemble those of drug  addiction, alcohol addiction and chemical substance addiction. 


The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale is based on six basic criteria, where all items are scored on the following scale: (1) Very rarely, (2) Rarely, (3) Sometimes, (4) Often, (5)Very often, and (6) Always. 


• You spend a lot of time thinking about Facebook or planning to use of Facebook.

• You feel an urge to use Facebook more and more.

• You use Facebook in order to forget about personal problems.

• You have tried to cut down on the use of Facebook without success.

• You become restless or troubled if you are prohibited from using Facebook.

• You use Facebook so much that it has had a negative impact on your job/studies.  


Andreassen’s study shows that scoring “often” or “very often” on at least four of the six items may suggest that you are addicted to Facebook.  


Disponível em: Acesso em:<http://www.sciendedaily.com/release/2012/05/120507102054.htm> Acesso em: 3 jun. 2013 (Texto adaptado)  

According to the passage, it is correct to say that
Alternativas
Q535745 Inglês
FAT IS BEAUTIFUL? 

    Americans are fat, they are getting fatter and as soon as they out eat the South Sea Islanders, they will be the fattest people in the world. This alarming message, from the journalist Greg Critter, has helped promote the provocative bestseller Fat Land. It reveals that six out of every 10 Americans are already overweight and that, if they continue to expand at the current rate, by 2050 all of them will be. So what should they do about it

      There is an obvious and a not-so-obvious answer to this question. Greg Critser provides the conventional solution: they should eat more carefully and do more exercise. He traces the expanding American waistline to Earl Butz, President Nixon’s foul-mouthed Secretary of Agriculture, who drastically brought down food prices in the ‘70s by introducing subsidies for farming. The other great architect of obesity was David Wallerstein, the McDonalds executive who discovered super sizing- offering vast single portions of food so people eat the equivalent of the double helpings that they were too embarrassed to ask for.

     But the issue has another reaction: not “I’m fat, so what can I do about it?” but “I’m fat, so what?” This is the line taken by fat activists and size awareness advocates. They believe that there is nothing wrong with being overweight: negative attitudes towards large people are simply prejudices that need to be fought.

     In part perhaps due to fat liberationists, the USA is changing its views on size. The fashion press, for instance, recently announced that “fat is the new thin.” According to American Vogue the voluptuously curved Kate Winslet, Jennifer Lopez and Kelly Osbourne are much more attractive than the “stick-thin” Hollywood stereotypes. There is also a popular backlash against “self-hating” attitudes of an older generation that was inspired by feminism and sexual liberation to try always be perfect and in control.

     In spite of this, one crucial factor seems destined to keep Americans trying to lose weight. Obesity, as Critser points out, is now - for the first time in the history - the disease of the poor, not the rich. And, in an aspirational society, if the well-off can see their feet, everyone else will want as well. 

Adapted from SPEAKUP n.196, pages 18 to 20. 
The crucial factor that can keep Americans trying to lose weight now is:
Alternativas
Q535744 Inglês
FAT IS BEAUTIFUL? 

    Americans are fat, they are getting fatter and as soon as they out eat the South Sea Islanders, they will be the fattest people in the world. This alarming message, from the journalist Greg Critter, has helped promote the provocative bestseller Fat Land. It reveals that six out of every 10 Americans are already overweight and that, if they continue to expand at the current rate, by 2050 all of them will be. So what should they do about it

      There is an obvious and a not-so-obvious answer to this question. Greg Critser provides the conventional solution: they should eat more carefully and do more exercise. He traces the expanding American waistline to Earl Butz, President Nixon’s foul-mouthed Secretary of Agriculture, who drastically brought down food prices in the ‘70s by introducing subsidies for farming. The other great architect of obesity was David Wallerstein, the McDonalds executive who discovered super sizing- offering vast single portions of food so people eat the equivalent of the double helpings that they were too embarrassed to ask for.

     But the issue has another reaction: not “I’m fat, so what can I do about it?” but “I’m fat, so what?” This is the line taken by fat activists and size awareness advocates. They believe that there is nothing wrong with being overweight: negative attitudes towards large people are simply prejudices that need to be fought.

     In part perhaps due to fat liberationists, the USA is changing its views on size. The fashion press, for instance, recently announced that “fat is the new thin.” According to American Vogue the voluptuously curved Kate Winslet, Jennifer Lopez and Kelly Osbourne are much more attractive than the “stick-thin” Hollywood stereotypes. There is also a popular backlash against “self-hating” attitudes of an older generation that was inspired by feminism and sexual liberation to try always be perfect and in control.

     In spite of this, one crucial factor seems destined to keep Americans trying to lose weight. Obesity, as Critser points out, is now - for the first time in the history - the disease of the poor, not the rich. And, in an aspirational society, if the well-off can see their feet, everyone else will want as well. 

Adapted from SPEAKUP n.196, pages 18 to 20. 
We can say that to Americans who are overweight:
Alternativas
Q535742 Inglês
FAT IS BEAUTIFUL? 

    Americans are fat, they are getting fatter and as soon as they out eat the South Sea Islanders, they will be the fattest people in the world. This alarming message, from the journalist Greg Critter, has helped promote the provocative bestseller Fat Land. It reveals that six out of every 10 Americans are already overweight and that, if they continue to expand at the current rate, by 2050 all of them will be. So what should they do about it

      There is an obvious and a not-so-obvious answer to this question. Greg Critser provides the conventional solution: they should eat more carefully and do more exercise. He traces the expanding American waistline to Earl Butz, President Nixon’s foul-mouthed Secretary of Agriculture, who drastically brought down food prices in the ‘70s by introducing subsidies for farming. The other great architect of obesity was David Wallerstein, the McDonalds executive who discovered super sizing- offering vast single portions of food so people eat the equivalent of the double helpings that they were too embarrassed to ask for.

     But the issue has another reaction: not “I’m fat, so what can I do about it?” but “I’m fat, so what?” This is the line taken by fat activists and size awareness advocates. They believe that there is nothing wrong with being overweight: negative attitudes towards large people are simply prejudices that need to be fought.

     In part perhaps due to fat liberationists, the USA is changing its views on size. The fashion press, for instance, recently announced that “fat is the new thin.” According to American Vogue the voluptuously curved Kate Winslet, Jennifer Lopez and Kelly Osbourne are much more attractive than the “stick-thin” Hollywood stereotypes. There is also a popular backlash against “self-hating” attitudes of an older generation that was inspired by feminism and sexual liberation to try always be perfect and in control.

     In spite of this, one crucial factor seems destined to keep Americans trying to lose weight. Obesity, as Critser points out, is now - for the first time in the history - the disease of the poor, not the rich. And, in an aspirational society, if the well-off can see their feet, everyone else will want as well. 

Adapted from SPEAKUP n.196, pages 18 to 20. 
All the characteristics below prove that U.S.A. is changing its view and size, EXCEPT:
Alternativas
Q535741 Inglês
FAT IS BEAUTIFUL? 

    Americans are fat, they are getting fatter and as soon as they out eat the South Sea Islanders, they will be the fattest people in the world. This alarming message, from the journalist Greg Critter, has helped promote the provocative bestseller Fat Land. It reveals that six out of every 10 Americans are already overweight and that, if they continue to expand at the current rate, by 2050 all of them will be. So what should they do about it

      There is an obvious and a not-so-obvious answer to this question. Greg Critser provides the conventional solution: they should eat more carefully and do more exercise. He traces the expanding American waistline to Earl Butz, President Nixon’s foul-mouthed Secretary of Agriculture, who drastically brought down food prices in the ‘70s by introducing subsidies for farming. The other great architect of obesity was David Wallerstein, the McDonalds executive who discovered super sizing- offering vast single portions of food so people eat the equivalent of the double helpings that they were too embarrassed to ask for.

     But the issue has another reaction: not “I’m fat, so what can I do about it?” but “I’m fat, so what?” This is the line taken by fat activists and size awareness advocates. They believe that there is nothing wrong with being overweight: negative attitudes towards large people are simply prejudices that need to be fought.

     In part perhaps due to fat liberationists, the USA is changing its views on size. The fashion press, for instance, recently announced that “fat is the new thin.” According to American Vogue the voluptuously curved Kate Winslet, Jennifer Lopez and Kelly Osbourne are much more attractive than the “stick-thin” Hollywood stereotypes. There is also a popular backlash against “self-hating” attitudes of an older generation that was inspired by feminism and sexual liberation to try always be perfect and in control.

     In spite of this, one crucial factor seems destined to keep Americans trying to lose weight. Obesity, as Critser points out, is now - for the first time in the history - the disease of the poor, not the rich. And, in an aspirational society, if the well-off can see their feet, everyone else will want as well. 

Adapted from SPEAKUP n.196, pages 18 to 20. 
According to Greg Critser in 2050
Alternativas
Q528733 Inglês
What is organized crime?

      Organized crime was characterised by the United Nations, in 1994, as: “group organization to commit crime; hierarchical links or personal relationships which permit leaders to control the group: violence, intimidation and corruption used to earn profits or control territories or markets; laundering of illicit proceeds both in furtherance of criminal activity and to infiltrate the legitimate economy; the potential for expansion into any new activities and beyond national borders; and cooperation with other organized transnational criminal groups.
      It is increasingly global. Although links between, for example, mafia groups in Italy and the USA have existed for decades, new and rapid means of communication have facilitated the development of international networks. Some build on shared linguistic or cultural ties, such as a network trafficking drugs and human organs, which links criminal gangs in Mozambique, Portugal, Brazil, Pakistan, Dubai and South Africa. Others bring together much less likely groups, such as those trafficking arms, drugs and people between South Africa, Nigeria, Pakistan and Russia, or those linking the Russian mafia with Colombian cocaine cartels or North American criminal gangs with the Japanese Yakuza. Trafficked commodities may pass from group to group along the supply chain; for instance heroin in Italy has traditionally been produced in Afghanistan, transported by Turks, distributed by Albanians, and sold by Italians.
      Organized crime exploits profit opportunities wherever they arise. Globalization of financial markets, with free movement of goods and capital, has facilitated smuggling of counterfeit goods (in part a reflection of the creation of global brands), internet fraud, and money-laundering. On the other hand, organized crime also takes advantage of the barriers to free movement of people across national borders and the laws against non-medicinal use of narcotics: accordingly it earns vast profits in smuggling migrants and psychoactive drugs. Briquet and Favarel have identified deregulation and the “rolling back of the state” in some countries as creating lacunae that have been occupied by profiteers. The political changes in Europe in the late 1980s fuelled the growth in criminal networks, often involving former law enforcement officers. Failed states, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo or Sierra Leone, have provided further opportunities as criminal gangs smuggle arms in and commodities out, for example diamonds, gold, and rare earth metals, often generating violence against those involved in the trade and in the surrounding communities. Finally, there are a few states, such as the Democratic Republic of Korea and Burma and Guinea-Bissau (once described as a narco-state) where politicians have been alleged to have played an active role in international crime.
     Organized criminal gangs have strong incentives. Compared with legitimate producers, they have lower costs of production due to the ability to disregard quality and safety standards, tax obligations, minimum wages or employee benefits. Once established, they may threaten or use violence to eliminate competitors, and can obtain favourable treatment by regulatory authorities either through bribes or threats.
(www.globalizationandhealth.com. Adaptado)
Segundo o texto, um dos fatores que incentiva o crime organizado é o
Alternativas
Q528730 Inglês
What is organized crime?

      Organized crime was characterised by the United Nations, in 1994, as: “group organization to commit crime; hierarchical links or personal relationships which permit leaders to control the group: violence, intimidation and corruption used to earn profits or control territories or markets; laundering of illicit proceeds both in furtherance of criminal activity and to infiltrate the legitimate economy; the potential for expansion into any new activities and beyond national borders; and cooperation with other organized transnational criminal groups.
      It is increasingly global. Although links between, for example, mafia groups in Italy and the USA have existed for decades, new and rapid means of communication have facilitated the development of international networks. Some build on shared linguistic or cultural ties, such as a network trafficking drugs and human organs, which links criminal gangs in Mozambique, Portugal, Brazil, Pakistan, Dubai and South Africa. Others bring together much less likely groups, such as those trafficking arms, drugs and people between South Africa, Nigeria, Pakistan and Russia, or those linking the Russian mafia with Colombian cocaine cartels or North American criminal gangs with the Japanese Yakuza. Trafficked commodities may pass from group to group along the supply chain; for instance heroin in Italy has traditionally been produced in Afghanistan, transported by Turks, distributed by Albanians, and sold by Italians.
      Organized crime exploits profit opportunities wherever they arise. Globalization of financial markets, with free movement of goods and capital, has facilitated smuggling of counterfeit goods (in part a reflection of the creation of global brands), internet fraud, and money-laundering. On the other hand, organized crime also takes advantage of the barriers to free movement of people across national borders and the laws against non-medicinal use of narcotics: accordingly it earns vast profits in smuggling migrants and psychoactive drugs. Briquet and Favarel have identified deregulation and the “rolling back of the state” in some countries as creating lacunae that have been occupied by profiteers. The political changes in Europe in the late 1980s fuelled the growth in criminal networks, often involving former law enforcement officers. Failed states, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo or Sierra Leone, have provided further opportunities as criminal gangs smuggle arms in and commodities out, for example diamonds, gold, and rare earth metals, often generating violence against those involved in the trade and in the surrounding communities. Finally, there are a few states, such as the Democratic Republic of Korea and Burma and Guinea-Bissau (once described as a narco-state) where politicians have been alleged to have played an active role in international crime.
     Organized criminal gangs have strong incentives. Compared with legitimate producers, they have lower costs of production due to the ability to disregard quality and safety standards, tax obligations, minimum wages or employee benefits. Once established, they may threaten or use violence to eliminate competitors, and can obtain favourable treatment by regulatory authorities either through bribes or threats.
(www.globalizationandhealth.com. Adaptado)
No trecho do segundo parágrafo – those linking the Russian mafia with Columbian cocaine cartels or North American criminal gangs with the Japanese Yakuza. – a palavra those refere-se, no texto, a
Alternativas
Q528729 Inglês
What is organized crime?

      Organized crime was characterised by the United Nations, in 1994, as: “group organization to commit crime; hierarchical links or personal relationships which permit leaders to control the group: violence, intimidation and corruption used to earn profits or control territories or markets; laundering of illicit proceeds both in furtherance of criminal activity and to infiltrate the legitimate economy; the potential for expansion into any new activities and beyond national borders; and cooperation with other organized transnational criminal groups.
      It is increasingly global. Although links between, for example, mafia groups in Italy and the USA have existed for decades, new and rapid means of communication have facilitated the development of international networks. Some build on shared linguistic or cultural ties, such as a network trafficking drugs and human organs, which links criminal gangs in Mozambique, Portugal, Brazil, Pakistan, Dubai and South Africa. Others bring together much less likely groups, such as those trafficking arms, drugs and people between South Africa, Nigeria, Pakistan and Russia, or those linking the Russian mafia with Colombian cocaine cartels or North American criminal gangs with the Japanese Yakuza. Trafficked commodities may pass from group to group along the supply chain; for instance heroin in Italy has traditionally been produced in Afghanistan, transported by Turks, distributed by Albanians, and sold by Italians.
      Organized crime exploits profit opportunities wherever they arise. Globalization of financial markets, with free movement of goods and capital, has facilitated smuggling of counterfeit goods (in part a reflection of the creation of global brands), internet fraud, and money-laundering. On the other hand, organized crime also takes advantage of the barriers to free movement of people across national borders and the laws against non-medicinal use of narcotics: accordingly it earns vast profits in smuggling migrants and psychoactive drugs. Briquet and Favarel have identified deregulation and the “rolling back of the state” in some countries as creating lacunae that have been occupied by profiteers. The political changes in Europe in the late 1980s fuelled the growth in criminal networks, often involving former law enforcement officers. Failed states, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo or Sierra Leone, have provided further opportunities as criminal gangs smuggle arms in and commodities out, for example diamonds, gold, and rare earth metals, often generating violence against those involved in the trade and in the surrounding communities. Finally, there are a few states, such as the Democratic Republic of Korea and Burma and Guinea-Bissau (once described as a narco-state) where politicians have been alleged to have played an active role in international crime.
     Organized criminal gangs have strong incentives. Compared with legitimate producers, they have lower costs of production due to the ability to disregard quality and safety standards, tax obligations, minimum wages or employee benefits. Once established, they may threaten or use violence to eliminate competitors, and can obtain favourable treatment by regulatory authorities either through bribes or threats.
(www.globalizationandhealth.com. Adaptado)
De acordo com o texto, uma das características do crime organizado, segundo a ONU, é
Alternativas
Q528728 Inglês

Violence Prevention Among Young People in Brazil

   Crime and violence have increased dramatically in Brazil in recent decades, particularly in large urban areas, leading to more intense public debate on causes and solutions. The right to life is the most fundamental of all rights. Having security means living without fearing the risk of violation of one’s life, liberty, physical integrity or property. Security means not only to be free from actual risks, but also to be able to enjoy the feeling of security. In this respect, human rights are systematically undermined by violence and insecurity.

      UNESCO expects to play a primary role in supporting actions of social inclusion to help in the prevention of violence, especially among young people. The attributes and resources to be found in the heart of the Organization’s different areas will be grouped around this objective.

     Violence is seen as a violation of fundamental human rights, as a threat to the respect for the principles of liberty and equality. An approach focused on the access to quality education, to decent jobs, to cultural, sports and leisure activities, to digital inclusion and the protection and promotion of human rights and of the environment will be implemented as a response to the challenge of preventing violence among youths. Such approach should also help in creating real opportunities for young people to improve their life conditions and develop their citizenship.

(www.unesco.org. Adaptado)

No segundo parágrafo this objective refere-se, no texto,
Alternativas
Q528726 Inglês

Violence Prevention Among Young People in Brazil

   Crime and violence have increased dramatically in Brazil in recent decades, particularly in large urban areas, leading to more intense public debate on causes and solutions. The right to life is the most fundamental of all rights. Having security means living without fearing the risk of violation of one’s life, liberty, physical integrity or property. Security means not only to be free from actual risks, but also to be able to enjoy the feeling of security. In this respect, human rights are systematically undermined by violence and insecurity.

      UNESCO expects to play a primary role in supporting actions of social inclusion to help in the prevention of violence, especially among young people. The attributes and resources to be found in the heart of the Organization’s different areas will be grouped around this objective.

     Violence is seen as a violation of fundamental human rights, as a threat to the respect for the principles of liberty and equality. An approach focused on the access to quality education, to decent jobs, to cultural, sports and leisure activities, to digital inclusion and the protection and promotion of human rights and of the environment will be implemented as a response to the challenge of preventing violence among youths. Such approach should also help in creating real opportunities for young people to improve their life conditions and develop their citizenship.

(www.unesco.org. Adaptado)

According to the text, the approach aimed at preventing violence among young people should include
Alternativas
Q528725 Inglês

Violence Prevention Among Young People in Brazil

   Crime and violence have increased dramatically in Brazil in recent decades, particularly in large urban areas, leading to more intense public debate on causes and solutions. The right to life is the most fundamental of all rights. Having security means living without fearing the risk of violation of one’s life, liberty, physical integrity or property. Security means not only to be free from actual risks, but also to be able to enjoy the feeling of security. In this respect, human rights are systematically undermined by violence and insecurity.

      UNESCO expects to play a primary role in supporting actions of social inclusion to help in the prevention of violence, especially among young people. The attributes and resources to be found in the heart of the Organization’s different areas will be grouped around this objective.

     Violence is seen as a violation of fundamental human rights, as a threat to the respect for the principles of liberty and equality. An approach focused on the access to quality education, to decent jobs, to cultural, sports and leisure activities, to digital inclusion and the protection and promotion of human rights and of the environment will be implemented as a response to the challenge of preventing violence among youths. Such approach should also help in creating real opportunities for young people to improve their life conditions and develop their citizenship.

(www.unesco.org. Adaptado)

The text presents the idea that the rise in crime and violence menaces
Alternativas
Respostas
1641: A
1642: E
1643: A
1644: B
1645: C
1646: D
1647: C
1648: A
1649: D
1650: E
1651: C
1652: C
1653: B
1654: A
1655: E
1656: B
1657: A
1658: E
1659: D
1660: D