Questões de Vestibular Comentadas sobre inglês
Foram encontradas 2.786 questões
Q1335822
Inglês
Texto associado
Can our technological connectedness
trump the risks of our biological and geographic
connectedness? That’s one reason Nathan Wolfe
has pushed GVF (Globe Viral Forecasting) to pioneer
what he calls digital epidemiology, which uses the
resources of the Internet to make predictive sense of
the viral chatter picked up in the field. He and his
team are setting up a bioinformatics strategy that
could mine data from Internet searches and social
media to pinpoint new outbreaks as they dawn – and
potentially predict which newly discovered viruses
might pose real threats to humanity. That work is
culminating in a project called Epidemic IQ that
will, Wolfe hopes, provide the ability to predict new
pandemics the way the CIA might predict a terrorist
attack.
Current global disease control efforts focus
largely on attempting to stop pandemics after they
have already emerged. This fire brigade approach,
which generally involves drugs, vaccines, and
behavioral change, has severe limitations. Just as
we discovered in the 1960s that it is better to prevent
heart attacks than try to treat them, we realize that
it’s better to stop pandemics before they spread and
that effort should increasingly be focused on viral
forecasting and pandemic prevention.
“We’re finally beginning to understand why
pandemics happen instead of just reacting to them”,
Wolfe says. What’s needed is a global effort to scale
up that kind of proactive work to ensure that every
hot spot has surveillance running for new pathogens
in animals and in human beings and that it has
its own GVF-type group to do the work. Viruses
don’t respect borders – whether between nations or
between species – and in a world where airlines act
like bloodlines, global health is only as strong as its
weakest link. We got lucky with the relatively weak
swine-flu pandemic in 2009, but history tells us our
luck won’t last. “We sit here dodging bullets left and
right, assuming we have an invisible shield”, says
Wolfe. “But you can’t dodge bullets forever.”
WALSH, Bryan.Virus hunter. Disponível em: <content.time.com/time/subscriber/l>. Acesso em: mai. 2018. Adaptado.
According to Wolfe, the most important thing to do when
dealing with pandemics is to
Q1335821
Inglês
Texto associado
Can our technological connectedness
trump the risks of our biological and geographic
connectedness? That’s one reason Nathan Wolfe
has pushed GVF (Globe Viral Forecasting) to pioneer
what he calls digital epidemiology, which uses the
resources of the Internet to make predictive sense of
the viral chatter picked up in the field. He and his
team are setting up a bioinformatics strategy that
could mine data from Internet searches and social
media to pinpoint new outbreaks as they dawn – and
potentially predict which newly discovered viruses
might pose real threats to humanity. That work is
culminating in a project called Epidemic IQ that
will, Wolfe hopes, provide the ability to predict new
pandemics the way the CIA might predict a terrorist
attack.
Current global disease control efforts focus
largely on attempting to stop pandemics after they
have already emerged. This fire brigade approach,
which generally involves drugs, vaccines, and
behavioral change, has severe limitations. Just as
we discovered in the 1960s that it is better to prevent
heart attacks than try to treat them, we realize that
it’s better to stop pandemics before they spread and
that effort should increasingly be focused on viral
forecasting and pandemic prevention.
“We’re finally beginning to understand why
pandemics happen instead of just reacting to them”,
Wolfe says. What’s needed is a global effort to scale
up that kind of proactive work to ensure that every
hot spot has surveillance running for new pathogens
in animals and in human beings and that it has
its own GVF-type group to do the work. Viruses
don’t respect borders – whether between nations or
between species – and in a world where airlines act
like bloodlines, global health is only as strong as its
weakest link. We got lucky with the relatively weak
swine-flu pandemic in 2009, but history tells us our
luck won’t last. “We sit here dodging bullets left and
right, assuming we have an invisible shield”, says
Wolfe. “But you can’t dodge bullets forever.”
WALSH, Bryan.Virus hunter. Disponível em: <content.time.com/time/subscriber/l>. Acesso em: mai. 2018. Adaptado.
The text says that, when dealing with pandemics nowadays,
public health officials try to
Q1335820
Inglês
Texto associado
Can our technological connectedness
trump the risks of our biological and geographic
connectedness? That’s one reason Nathan Wolfe
has pushed GVF (Globe Viral Forecasting) to pioneer
what he calls digital epidemiology, which uses the
resources of the Internet to make predictive sense of
the viral chatter picked up in the field. He and his
team are setting up a bioinformatics strategy that
could mine data from Internet searches and social
media to pinpoint new outbreaks as they dawn – and
potentially predict which newly discovered viruses
might pose real threats to humanity. That work is
culminating in a project called Epidemic IQ that
will, Wolfe hopes, provide the ability to predict new
pandemics the way the CIA might predict a terrorist
attack.
Current global disease control efforts focus
largely on attempting to stop pandemics after they
have already emerged. This fire brigade approach,
which generally involves drugs, vaccines, and
behavioral change, has severe limitations. Just as
we discovered in the 1960s that it is better to prevent
heart attacks than try to treat them, we realize that
it’s better to stop pandemics before they spread and
that effort should increasingly be focused on viral
forecasting and pandemic prevention.
“We’re finally beginning to understand why
pandemics happen instead of just reacting to them”,
Wolfe says. What’s needed is a global effort to scale
up that kind of proactive work to ensure that every
hot spot has surveillance running for new pathogens
in animals and in human beings and that it has
its own GVF-type group to do the work. Viruses
don’t respect borders – whether between nations or
between species – and in a world where airlines act
like bloodlines, global health is only as strong as its
weakest link. We got lucky with the relatively weak
swine-flu pandemic in 2009, but history tells us our
luck won’t last. “We sit here dodging bullets left and
right, assuming we have an invisible shield”, says
Wolfe. “But you can’t dodge bullets forever.”
WALSH, Bryan.Virus hunter. Disponível em: <content.time.com/time/subscriber/l>. Acesso em: mai. 2018. Adaptado.
Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).
Considering the strategy set up by Nathan Wolfe and his team
to handle the problem of pandemics, it’s correct to say that
they aim to
( ) ignore the next pandemics before it happens. ( ) make the most of the Internet resources so as to better deal with them. ( ) detect potential lethal viruses at their source. ( ) disregard any information gotten through social media.
The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is
( ) ignore the next pandemics before it happens. ( ) make the most of the Internet resources so as to better deal with them. ( ) detect potential lethal viruses at their source. ( ) disregard any information gotten through social media.
The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is
Ano: 2018
Banca:
EBMSP
Órgão:
EBMSP
Prova:
EBMSP - 2018 - EBMSP - Prosef - 2018.2 - Medicina - 1ª Fase |
Q1334924
Inglês
Texto associado
Questão
The aim of mindfulness is not quieting the mind, or attempting to achieve a state of eternal calm. The goal is simple: we’re aiming to pay attention to the present moment, without judgment. Easier said than done, we know. When we notice judgments arise during our practice, we can make a mental note of them, and let them pass. Return to observing the present moment as it is. That’s the practice. The work is to just keep doing it. Results will accrue.
The aim of mindfulness is not quieting the mind, or attempting to achieve a state of eternal calm. The goal is simple: we’re aiming to pay attention to the present moment, without judgment. Easier said than done, we know. When we notice judgments arise during our practice, we can make a mental note of them, and let them pass. Return to observing the present moment as it is. That’s the practice. The work is to just keep doing it. Results will accrue.
Disponível em:<https://www.mindful.org/what-is-mindfulness/> . Acesso em:
abr. 2018. Adaptado.
The suitable definition of the phrase “Easier said than done” is
Ano: 2018
Banca:
EBMSP
Órgão:
EBMSP
Prova:
EBMSP - 2018 - EBMSP - Prosef - 2018.2 - Medicina - 1ª Fase |
Q1334923
Inglês
Texto associado
Questão
The aim of mindfulness is not quieting the mind, or attempting to achieve a state of eternal calm. The goal is simple: we’re aiming to pay attention to the present moment, without judgment. Easier said than done, we know. When we notice judgments arise during our practice, we can make a mental note of them, and let them pass. Return to observing the present moment as it is. That’s the practice. The work is to just keep doing it. Results will accrue.
The aim of mindfulness is not quieting the mind, or attempting to achieve a state of eternal calm. The goal is simple: we’re aiming to pay attention to the present moment, without judgment. Easier said than done, we know. When we notice judgments arise during our practice, we can make a mental note of them, and let them pass. Return to observing the present moment as it is. That’s the practice. The work is to just keep doing it. Results will accrue.
Disponível em:<https://www.mindful.org/what-is-mindfulness/> . Acesso em:
abr. 2018. Adaptado.
According to the text, mindfulness emphasizes that we should
try to
Ano: 2018
Banca:
EBMSP
Órgão:
EBMSP
Prova:
EBMSP - 2018 - EBMSP - Prosef - 2018.2 - Medicina - 1ª Fase |
Q1334922
Inglês
Texto associado
Questão
Big U.S. tobacco companies are all developing e-cigarettes. The battery-powered gadgets feature a glowing tip and a heating element that turns liquid nicotine and flavorings into a cloud of vapor that users inhale. Some past research has suggested that using e-cigarettes may help smokers cut down on use of traditional tobacco products, or even transition entirely away from tobacco – an idea aggressively marketed by e-cigarette and tobacco companies.
Big U.S. tobacco companies are all developing e-cigarettes. The battery-powered gadgets feature a glowing tip and a heating element that turns liquid nicotine and flavorings into a cloud of vapor that users inhale. Some past research has suggested that using e-cigarettes may help smokers cut down on use of traditional tobacco products, or even transition entirely away from tobacco – an idea aggressively marketed by e-cigarette and tobacco companies.
But a recent European study says that smokers
who also use e-cigarettes may be half as likely to
give up tobacco as smokers who never vape at all.
Researchers analyzed data from a 2014 survey of more than 13,000 current or former smokers in the European Union. About 2,500 had tried vaping at least once; 46% of the participants were former smokers and 19% currently or previously used e-cigarettes. The study revealed that people smoked an average of about 14 cigarettes a day when they didn’t vape, and around 16 cigarettes a day when they did.
Researchers analyzed data from a 2014 survey of more than 13,000 current or former smokers in the European Union. About 2,500 had tried vaping at least once; 46% of the participants were former smokers and 19% currently or previously used e-cigarettes. The study revealed that people smoked an average of about 14 cigarettes a day when they didn’t vape, and around 16 cigarettes a day when they did.
“This is important because e-cigarettes are
widely promoted as a smoking cessation tool”, said
senior author Stanton Glantz of California, San
Francisco. “And, while there is no question that
some smokers do successfully quit with e-cigarettes,
they keep many more people smoking”, he added.
“Most adult smokers express a desire to quit,
and many try and fail”, said Samir Soneji, a health
policy researcher in New Hampshire. “E-cigarettes
might seem like an appealing cessation tool because
the devices in some ways mimic the smoking, but
nicotine gum or patches may be more effective.”
RAPAPORT, Lisa. Disponível em: <http://www.foxnews.com>. Acesso em: abr.
2018. Adaptado.
About the role of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation tool,
the study has found out that e-cigarette users
Ano: 2018
Banca:
EBMSP
Órgão:
EBMSP
Prova:
EBMSP - 2018 - EBMSP - Prosef - 2018.2 - Medicina - 1ª Fase |
Q1334921
Inglês
Texto associado
Questão
Big U.S. tobacco companies are all developing e-cigarettes. The battery-powered gadgets feature a glowing tip and a heating element that turns liquid nicotine and flavorings into a cloud of vapor that users inhale. Some past research has suggested that using e-cigarettes may help smokers cut down on use of traditional tobacco products, or even transition entirely away from tobacco – an idea aggressively marketed by e-cigarette and tobacco companies.
Big U.S. tobacco companies are all developing e-cigarettes. The battery-powered gadgets feature a glowing tip and a heating element that turns liquid nicotine and flavorings into a cloud of vapor that users inhale. Some past research has suggested that using e-cigarettes may help smokers cut down on use of traditional tobacco products, or even transition entirely away from tobacco – an idea aggressively marketed by e-cigarette and tobacco companies.
But a recent European study says that smokers
who also use e-cigarettes may be half as likely to
give up tobacco as smokers who never vape at all.
Researchers analyzed data from a 2014 survey of more than 13,000 current or former smokers in the European Union. About 2,500 had tried vaping at least once; 46% of the participants were former smokers and 19% currently or previously used e-cigarettes. The study revealed that people smoked an average of about 14 cigarettes a day when they didn’t vape, and around 16 cigarettes a day when they did.
Researchers analyzed data from a 2014 survey of more than 13,000 current or former smokers in the European Union. About 2,500 had tried vaping at least once; 46% of the participants were former smokers and 19% currently or previously used e-cigarettes. The study revealed that people smoked an average of about 14 cigarettes a day when they didn’t vape, and around 16 cigarettes a day when they did.
“This is important because e-cigarettes are
widely promoted as a smoking cessation tool”, said
senior author Stanton Glantz of California, San
Francisco. “And, while there is no question that
some smokers do successfully quit with e-cigarettes,
they keep many more people smoking”, he added.
“Most adult smokers express a desire to quit,
and many try and fail”, said Samir Soneji, a health
policy researcher in New Hampshire. “E-cigarettes
might seem like an appealing cessation tool because
the devices in some ways mimic the smoking, but
nicotine gum or patches may be more effective.”
RAPAPORT, Lisa. Disponível em: <http://www.foxnews.com>. Acesso em: abr.
2018. Adaptado.
Considering the recent European study about e-cigarettes,
fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).
( ) Over thirteen thousand people took part in the survey. ( ) All the participants had been cigarette smokers at some point. ( ) The smokers in the study used more cigarettes a day when they vaped. ( ) None of the participants had tried e-cigarettes before the survey.
The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is
( ) Over thirteen thousand people took part in the survey. ( ) All the participants had been cigarette smokers at some point. ( ) The smokers in the study used more cigarettes a day when they vaped. ( ) None of the participants had tried e-cigarettes before the survey.
The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is
Ano: 2018
Banca:
EBMSP
Órgão:
EBMSP
Prova:
EBMSP - 2018 - EBMSP - Prosef - 2018.2 - Medicina - 1ª Fase |
Q1334920
Inglês
Texto associado
Questão
Big U.S. tobacco companies are all developing e-cigarettes. The battery-powered gadgets feature a glowing tip and a heating element that turns liquid nicotine and flavorings into a cloud of vapor that users inhale. Some past research has suggested that using e-cigarettes may help smokers cut down on use of traditional tobacco products, or even transition entirely away from tobacco – an idea aggressively marketed by e-cigarette and tobacco companies.
Big U.S. tobacco companies are all developing e-cigarettes. The battery-powered gadgets feature a glowing tip and a heating element that turns liquid nicotine and flavorings into a cloud of vapor that users inhale. Some past research has suggested that using e-cigarettes may help smokers cut down on use of traditional tobacco products, or even transition entirely away from tobacco – an idea aggressively marketed by e-cigarette and tobacco companies.
But a recent European study says that smokers
who also use e-cigarettes may be half as likely to
give up tobacco as smokers who never vape at all.
Researchers analyzed data from a 2014 survey of more than 13,000 current or former smokers in the European Union. About 2,500 had tried vaping at least once; 46% of the participants were former smokers and 19% currently or previously used e-cigarettes. The study revealed that people smoked an average of about 14 cigarettes a day when they didn’t vape, and around 16 cigarettes a day when they did.
Researchers analyzed data from a 2014 survey of more than 13,000 current or former smokers in the European Union. About 2,500 had tried vaping at least once; 46% of the participants were former smokers and 19% currently or previously used e-cigarettes. The study revealed that people smoked an average of about 14 cigarettes a day when they didn’t vape, and around 16 cigarettes a day when they did.
“This is important because e-cigarettes are
widely promoted as a smoking cessation tool”, said
senior author Stanton Glantz of California, San
Francisco. “And, while there is no question that
some smokers do successfully quit with e-cigarettes,
they keep many more people smoking”, he added.
“Most adult smokers express a desire to quit,
and many try and fail”, said Samir Soneji, a health
policy researcher in New Hampshire. “E-cigarettes
might seem like an appealing cessation tool because
the devices in some ways mimic the smoking, but
nicotine gum or patches may be more effective.”
RAPAPORT, Lisa. Disponível em: <http://www.foxnews.com>. Acesso em: abr.
2018. Adaptado.
About e-cigarettes, it’s correct to say that they
Ano: 2018
Banca:
EBMSP
Órgão:
EBMSP
Prova:
EBMSP - 2018 - EBMSP - Prosef - 2019.1 - Medicina - 1ª Fase |
Q1334850
Inglês
Disponível em: <https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/26963-if-you-can-t-flythen-run-if-you-can-t-run>. Acesso em: set. 2018.According to this quote by Martin Luther King Jr.
Ano: 2018
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Processo Seletivo Tradicional- 2019.1- AGRESTE |
Q1331563
Inglês
All of the following are a synonym of shrink except for
Ano: 2018
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Processo Seletivo Tradicional- 2019.1- AGRESTE |
Q1331562
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the following question.
Redefining the Kilogram
The kilogram is shrinking.
The official object that defines the mass of a kilogram is a
tiny, 139-year-old cylinder of platinum and iridium that
resides in a triple-locked vault near Paris. Because it is so
important, scientists almost never take it out; instead they
use copies called working standards. But the last time they
did inspect the real kilogram, they found it is roughly five
parts in 100 million heavier than all the working standards,
which have been leaving behind a few atoms of metal every
time they are put on scales. This is one of the reasons the
kilogram may soon be redefined not by a physical object but
through calculations based on fundamental constants.
“This [shrinking] is the kind of thing that happens when you
have an object that needs to be conserved in order to have
a standard,” says Peter Mohr, a physicist at the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), who serves
on the committee that oversees the International System of
Units (SI). “Fundamental constants, on the other hand, are
not going to change over time.”
The redefinition of the kilogram will be part of a planned
larger overhaul to make SI units fully dependent on
constants of nature. Representatives from 57 countries will
vote on the proposed change this month at a conference in
Versailles, France, and the new rules are expected to pass.
What will happen to the old kilogram artifacts after the
redefinition? Rather than packing them off to museums,
scientists plan to keep studying how they fare over time.
“There is so much measurement history on these,” says
physicist Stephan Schlamminger of NIST. “It would be
irresponsible to not continue to measure them.”
Adaptado de: <https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/redefining-thekilogram/> Acessado em 10 de outubro de 2018.
The artifact that represents the kilogram
Ano: 2018
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Processo Seletivo Tradicional- 2019.1- AGRESTE |
Q1331561
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the following question.
Redefining the Kilogram
The kilogram is shrinking.
The official object that defines the mass of a kilogram is a
tiny, 139-year-old cylinder of platinum and iridium that
resides in a triple-locked vault near Paris. Because it is so
important, scientists almost never take it out; instead they
use copies called working standards. But the last time they
did inspect the real kilogram, they found it is roughly five
parts in 100 million heavier than all the working standards,
which have been leaving behind a few atoms of metal every
time they are put on scales. This is one of the reasons the
kilogram may soon be redefined not by a physical object but
through calculations based on fundamental constants.
“This [shrinking] is the kind of thing that happens when you
have an object that needs to be conserved in order to have
a standard,” says Peter Mohr, a physicist at the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), who serves
on the committee that oversees the International System of
Units (SI). “Fundamental constants, on the other hand, are
not going to change over time.”
The redefinition of the kilogram will be part of a planned
larger overhaul to make SI units fully dependent on
constants of nature. Representatives from 57 countries will
vote on the proposed change this month at a conference in
Versailles, France, and the new rules are expected to pass.
What will happen to the old kilogram artifacts after the
redefinition? Rather than packing them off to museums,
scientists plan to keep studying how they fare over time.
“There is so much measurement history on these,” says
physicist Stephan Schlamminger of NIST. “It would be
irresponsible to not continue to measure them.”
Adaptado de: <https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/redefining-thekilogram/> Acessado em 10 de outubro de 2018.
The Kilogram as we know it
Ano: 2018
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Processo Seletivo Tradicional- 2019.1- AGRESTE |
Q1331560
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the following question.
Do tweens and teens believe “fake news”?
Let's be clear: "Fake news" has always existed. From
P.T. Barnum to Ripley's Believe It or Not to
supermarket tabloids, selling outrageous ideas has
long been a part of our culture. Most kids can tell the
difference between the shocking stories they see in
the checkout line and the more evenhanded reporting
they see on the local TV news.
But today's fake online news sources so closely mimic
real news that it's challenging even for adults to
discern what's real and what's fake. Also, kids have
less experience in and context for evaluating news
sources, so certain words or images that might
immediately tell an adult that something is fake or
biased might not have the same effect on kids.
According to Common Sense Media's report, News
and America's Kids: How Young People Perceive and
Are Impacted by the News, less than half of kids
agree that they know how to tell fake news stories
from real ones. When it comes to online news, the
stats reveal a serious lack of faith:
Only about one in four kids who gets news online
think that news posted online is "very accurate."
Only seven percent think news by people they don't
know well is "very accurate."
Tweens are more likely than teens to think that news posted online is "very accurate."
The good news is that kids who get news from social media
sites are trying to be careful readers. Most kids who get their
news from social media say they pay "a lot" or "some"
attention to the source the link on social media takes them
to. And the majority who get news online say that when they
come across information in a news story that they think is
wrong, they "sometimes" or "often" try to figure out whether
or not it's true.
Adaptado de: < https://www.commonsensemedia.org/news-andmedia-literacy/do-tweens-and-teens-believe-fake-news> Acessado
em 19 de outubro de 2018.
The good news is that
Ano: 2018
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Processo Seletivo Tradicional- 2019.1- AGRESTE |
Q1331559
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the following question.
Do tweens and teens believe “fake news”?
Let's be clear: "Fake news" has always existed. From
P.T. Barnum to Ripley's Believe It or Not to
supermarket tabloids, selling outrageous ideas has
long been a part of our culture. Most kids can tell the
difference between the shocking stories they see in
the checkout line and the more evenhanded reporting
they see on the local TV news.
But today's fake online news sources so closely mimic
real news that it's challenging even for adults to
discern what's real and what's fake. Also, kids have
less experience in and context for evaluating news
sources, so certain words or images that might
immediately tell an adult that something is fake or
biased might not have the same effect on kids.
According to Common Sense Media's report, News
and America's Kids: How Young People Perceive and
Are Impacted by the News, less than half of kids
agree that they know how to tell fake news stories
from real ones. When it comes to online news, the
stats reveal a serious lack of faith:
Only about one in four kids who gets news online
think that news posted online is "very accurate."
Only seven percent think news by people they don't
know well is "very accurate."
Tweens are more likely than teens to think that news posted online is "very accurate."
The good news is that kids who get news from social media
sites are trying to be careful readers. Most kids who get their
news from social media say they pay "a lot" or "some"
attention to the source the link on social media takes them
to. And the majority who get news online say that when they
come across information in a news story that they think is
wrong, they "sometimes" or "often" try to figure out whether
or not it's true.
Adaptado de: < https://www.commonsensemedia.org/news-andmedia-literacy/do-tweens-and-teens-believe-fake-news> Acessado
em 19 de outubro de 2018.
Children and adults
Ano: 2018
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Processo Seletivo Tradicional- 2019.1- AGRESTE |
Q1331558
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the following question.
Do tweens and teens believe “fake news”?
Let's be clear: "Fake news" has always existed. From
P.T. Barnum to Ripley's Believe It or Not to
supermarket tabloids, selling outrageous ideas has
long been a part of our culture. Most kids can tell the
difference between the shocking stories they see in
the checkout line and the more evenhanded reporting
they see on the local TV news.
But today's fake online news sources so closely mimic
real news that it's challenging even for adults to
discern what's real and what's fake. Also, kids have
less experience in and context for evaluating news
sources, so certain words or images that might
immediately tell an adult that something is fake or
biased might not have the same effect on kids.
According to Common Sense Media's report, News
and America's Kids: How Young People Perceive and
Are Impacted by the News, less than half of kids
agree that they know how to tell fake news stories
from real ones. When it comes to online news, the
stats reveal a serious lack of faith:
Only about one in four kids who gets news online
think that news posted online is "very accurate."
Only seven percent think news by people they don't
know well is "very accurate."
Tweens are more likely than teens to think that news posted online is "very accurate."
The good news is that kids who get news from social media
sites are trying to be careful readers. Most kids who get their
news from social media say they pay "a lot" or "some"
attention to the source the link on social media takes them
to. And the majority who get news online say that when they
come across information in a news story that they think is
wrong, they "sometimes" or "often" try to figure out whether
or not it's true.
Adaptado de: < https://www.commonsensemedia.org/news-andmedia-literacy/do-tweens-and-teens-believe-fake-news> Acessado
em 19 de outubro de 2018.
Fake news
Ano: 2018
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331517
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.
More than half your body is not human
Human cells make up only 43% of the body's total cell count. The rest are microscopic colonists.
Understanding this hidden half of ourselves - our microbiome - is rapidly transforming understanding of diseases from allergy to Parkinson's.
No matter how well you wash, nearly every nook and cranny of your body is covered in microscopic creatures.
This includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and archaea (organisms originally misclassified as bacteria). The greatest concentration of this microscopic life is in the dark murky depths of our oxygen-deprived bowels.
The human genome - the full set of genetic instructions for a human being - is made up of 20,000 instructions called genes.
But add all the genes in our microbiome together and the figure comes out between two and 20 million microbial genes.
Prof Sarkis Mazmanian, a microbiologist from Caltech, argues: "We don't have just one genome, the genes of our microbiome present essentially a second genome which augment the activity of our own.
Science is rapidly uncovering the role the microbiome plays in digestion, regulating the immune system, protecting against disease and manufacturing vital vitamins.
It is a new way of thinking about the microbial world. To date, our relationship with microbes has largely been one of warfare.
Antibiotics and vaccines have been the weapons unleashed against the likes of smallpox, Mycobacterium tuberculosis or MRSA.
That's been a good thing and has saved large numbers of lives.
But some researchers are concerned that our assault on the bad guys has done untold damage to our "good bacteria".
Prof Knight has performed experiments on mice that were born in the most sanitised world imaginable.
He says: "We were able to show that if you take lean and obese humans and take their faeces and transplant the bacteria into mice you can make the mouse thinner or fatter depending on whose microbiome it got."
"This is pretty amazing right, but the question now is will this be translatable to humans"
This is the big hope for the field, that microbes could be a new form of medicine. It is known as using "bugs as drugs".
Adaptado de: < http://www.bbc.com/news/health-43674270> Acessado em 13 de abril de 2018.
Experiments on mice
Ano: 2018
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331516
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.
More than half your body is not human
Human cells make up only 43% of the body's total cell count. The rest are microscopic colonists.
Understanding this hidden half of ourselves - our microbiome - is rapidly transforming understanding of diseases from allergy to Parkinson's.
No matter how well you wash, nearly every nook and cranny of your body is covered in microscopic creatures.
This includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and archaea (organisms originally misclassified as bacteria). The greatest concentration of this microscopic life is in the dark murky depths of our oxygen-deprived bowels.
The human genome - the full set of genetic instructions for a human being - is made up of 20,000 instructions called genes.
But add all the genes in our microbiome together and the figure comes out between two and 20 million microbial genes.
Prof Sarkis Mazmanian, a microbiologist from Caltech, argues: "We don't have just one genome, the genes of our microbiome present essentially a second genome which augment the activity of our own.
Science is rapidly uncovering the role the microbiome plays in digestion, regulating the immune system, protecting against disease and manufacturing vital vitamins.
It is a new way of thinking about the microbial world. To date, our relationship with microbes has largely been one of warfare.
Antibiotics and vaccines have been the weapons unleashed against the likes of smallpox, Mycobacterium tuberculosis or MRSA.
That's been a good thing and has saved large numbers of lives.
But some researchers are concerned that our assault on the bad guys has done untold damage to our "good bacteria".
Prof Knight has performed experiments on mice that were born in the most sanitised world imaginable.
He says: "We were able to show that if you take lean and obese humans and take their faeces and transplant the bacteria into mice you can make the mouse thinner or fatter depending on whose microbiome it got."
"This is pretty amazing right, but the question now is will this be translatable to humans"
This is the big hope for the field, that microbes could be a new form of medicine. It is known as using "bugs as drugs".
Adaptado de: < http://www.bbc.com/news/health-43674270> Acessado em 13 de abril de 2018.
Understanding how our microbiome works
Ano: 2018
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331515
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.
More than half your body is not human
Human cells make up only 43% of the body's total cell count. The rest are microscopic colonists.
Understanding this hidden half of ourselves - our microbiome - is rapidly transforming understanding of diseases from allergy to Parkinson's.
No matter how well you wash, nearly every nook and cranny of your body is covered in microscopic creatures.
This includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and archaea (organisms originally misclassified as bacteria). The greatest concentration of this microscopic life is in the dark murky depths of our oxygen-deprived bowels.
The human genome - the full set of genetic instructions for a human being - is made up of 20,000 instructions called genes.
But add all the genes in our microbiome together and the figure comes out between two and 20 million microbial genes.
Prof Sarkis Mazmanian, a microbiologist from Caltech, argues: "We don't have just one genome, the genes of our microbiome present essentially a second genome which augment the activity of our own.
Science is rapidly uncovering the role the microbiome plays in digestion, regulating the immune system, protecting against disease and manufacturing vital vitamins.
It is a new way of thinking about the microbial world. To date, our relationship with microbes has largely been one of warfare.
Antibiotics and vaccines have been the weapons unleashed against the likes of smallpox, Mycobacterium tuberculosis or MRSA.
That's been a good thing and has saved large numbers of lives.
But some researchers are concerned that our assault on the bad guys has done untold damage to our "good bacteria".
Prof Knight has performed experiments on mice that were born in the most sanitised world imaginable.
He says: "We were able to show that if you take lean and obese humans and take their faeces and transplant the bacteria into mice you can make the mouse thinner or fatter depending on whose microbiome it got."
"This is pretty amazing right, but the question now is will this be translatable to humans"
This is the big hope for the field, that microbes could be a new form of medicine. It is known as using "bugs as drugs".
Adaptado de: < http://www.bbc.com/news/health-43674270> Acessado em 13 de abril de 2018.
The human body
Ano: 2018
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331514
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the following
question based on it.
Loneliness may harm sleep quality for young adults
Researchers from King's College London have found that
young adults who reported feeling lonely were more likely to
experience poor sleep quality, daytime tiredness, and poor
concentration than their non-lonely counterparts.
Although loneliness is often perceived as a problem that
primarily affects older adults, recent research has suggested
that this is not the case.
However, according to the researchers of the new study,
less is known about how loneliness affects the health of
young adults - in particular, how it impacts sleep quality.
"In the present study, we tested associations between
loneliness and sleep quality in a nationally representative
sample of young adults," say Prof. Louise Arseneault, of the
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at
King's, and colleagues.
The researchers analyzed the data of 2,232 young adults
aged 18 to 19 years. They asked the participants four questions to measure their feelings of loneliness, including,
"How often do you feel that you lack companionship?" and
"How often do you feel alone?"
Additionally, the researchers gathered information on the
participants' sleep quality over the past month, including
sleep duration, sleep disturbances, and how long it takes
them to fall asleep.
The analysis revealed that the lonely participants were 10
percent more likely to have poor sleep quality than subjects
who did not report loneliness, and they were 24 percent
more likely to experience daytime tiredness and problems
with concentration.
These findings remained after accounting for a number of
possible confounding factors, including symptoms
of anxiety, depression, and other mental health disorders.
Although the study was not designed to investigate the
mechanisms underlying the link between loneliness and
poor sleep quality, the researchers have some theories.
For example, they point to previous studies that have
identified a link between loneliness and an increase in the
"stress hormone" cortisol, which could lead to sleep
disruption.
Adaptado de: <
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317563.php?sr>
Acessado em 02 de abril de 2018.
In the sentence "...the lonely participants were 10
percent more likely to have poor sleep quality than
subjects who did not report loneliness..." a synonym for
likely is
Ano: 2018
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331513
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the following
question based on it.
Loneliness may harm sleep quality for young adults
Researchers from King's College London have found that
young adults who reported feeling lonely were more likely to
experience poor sleep quality, daytime tiredness, and poor
concentration than their non-lonely counterparts.
Although loneliness is often perceived as a problem that
primarily affects older adults, recent research has suggested
that this is not the case.
However, according to the researchers of the new study,
less is known about how loneliness affects the health of
young adults - in particular, how it impacts sleep quality.
"In the present study, we tested associations between
loneliness and sleep quality in a nationally representative
sample of young adults," say Prof. Louise Arseneault, of the
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at
King's, and colleagues.
The researchers analyzed the data of 2,232 young adults
aged 18 to 19 years. They asked the participants four questions to measure their feelings of loneliness, including,
"How often do you feel that you lack companionship?" and
"How often do you feel alone?"
Additionally, the researchers gathered information on the
participants' sleep quality over the past month, including
sleep duration, sleep disturbances, and how long it takes
them to fall asleep.
The analysis revealed that the lonely participants were 10
percent more likely to have poor sleep quality than subjects
who did not report loneliness, and they were 24 percent
more likely to experience daytime tiredness and problems
with concentration.
These findings remained after accounting for a number of
possible confounding factors, including symptoms
of anxiety, depression, and other mental health disorders.
Although the study was not designed to investigate the
mechanisms underlying the link between loneliness and
poor sleep quality, the researchers have some theories.
For example, they point to previous studies that have
identified a link between loneliness and an increase in the
"stress hormone" cortisol, which could lead to sleep
disruption.
Adaptado de: <
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317563.php?sr>
Acessado em 02 de abril de 2018.
As stated in the text, cortisol, a stress hormone,
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