Questões de Vestibular
Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
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“Do No Harm” is a gripping memoir written by renowned neurosurgeon Henry Marsh. Published in 2014, this book takes readers on a remarkable journey into the world of neurosurgery, offering a glimpse into the high stakes and complex nature of this critical medical profession. The quotes that follow are part of this book:
I - "An effective doctor operates not just with their scalpel, but with their words, their presence, and their healing touch” (Marsh, 2014).
II - “To be a doctor is to be a lifelong student, forever humbled by the complexity and mystery of the human body” (Marsh, 2014).
Disponível em: https://www.bookey.app/quote-book/do-no-harm. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024. [Adaptado].
Considering quotes I and II, it can be stated that
The information the doctors is expressing is:
Disponível em: https://www.glasbergen.com/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024
Making family medicine a more attractive specialty: strategies to address the shortage of primary care specialists in Brazil
Primary Health Care (PHC) is often the first level of the health system and is responsible for the coordination of medical and interdisciplinary care. As the preferred entry point to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), PHC is of fundamental importance and is present in all regions of the country. It aims to enable access to health care and ensures the coordination and completeness of care. This structure can treat approximately 80% of the overall need related to diseases presented in the Basic Health Units.
Despite its importance, the valorization of PHC and Family Medicine (FM) as a discipline and a public policy has not been prioritized in most Brazilian educational institutions. According to the study on medical demography carried out by the Regional Medical Council of São Paulo (CREMESP), Brazil had 500,000 physicians in 2020, but with unequal distribution among the nation’s five regions, and a concentration of professionals in the capital cities compared to the countryside.
This issue is faced by many countries. In the United States (US) of 8,116 primary care postgraduate training positions (which includes pediatrics, internal medicine, and family doctors), 42 percent were filled by graduates of U.S. medical schools and the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) projects a shortage of 21,100 to 55,200 primary care physicians (PCP) by 2034. In Europe, where PCP was traditionally respected and recognized, the lack of General Practitioners (GP) is also increasing and is a matter of concern. Workload and a lack of perceived prestige associated with the PCP track can make primary care less attractive. These sorts of misconceptions, along with lower salaries, burnout, and difficult career advancement makes primary care a difficult specialty to attract and retain doctors.
For Feuerwerker, vacancies in Brazilian institutions are the result of several elements: the encouragement of distinctive specialties and institutions, the historical misunderstanding and importance of the practice, and the increased incentive of specialization in medical education. The lack of investments in supplies and infrastructure in primary care, career development concerns, and low salaries, and the valorization of the formation of FM doctors in the work of the EFS also contribute to difficulty in retaining these positions in Brazil.
With the aim to reduce the vacancy rate in the medical residency programs for FM, some Brazilian health departments introduced reforms and additional financing for FM training. In 2020, the region of Campinas, where we work, introduced a program called “More Doctors for the City of Campinas” (PMMC), which established a partnership between public and private higher education institutions, hospitals, and Urgency/Emergency Units with a novel post-graduation proposal for FM. It created a program to support the training of specialists in family medicine, stimulate research, and expand care in Basic Health Units, and has since resulted in a 50% decrease in vacancies.
One of the successful elements of the Campinas program, together with quality of medical training, is that it helps bring medical classroom training closer to the community and everyday social reality. PMMC-trained physicians are aware of how their work impacts the local community and its particular health needs. The program has resulted in care that is more responsive to community needs, especially from the perspective of adopting a care model that prioritizes health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in an integrated manner. However, for the EFS to continue to innovate and improve its response capacity to contemporary health problems, it must invest heavily in professional training, the rational incorporation of information and communication technologies, and the creation of appropriate working conditions for multidisciplinary teams.
Disponível em: https://speakingofmedicine.plos.org/2023/01/13/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024. [Adaptado].
Making family medicine a more attractive specialty: strategies to address the shortage of primary care specialists in Brazil
Primary Health Care (PHC) is often the first level of the health system and is responsible for the coordination of medical and interdisciplinary care. As the preferred entry point to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), PHC is of fundamental importance and is present in all regions of the country. It aims to enable access to health care and ensures the coordination and completeness of care. This structure can treat approximately 80% of the overall need related to diseases presented in the Basic Health Units.
Despite its importance, the valorization of PHC and Family Medicine (FM) as a discipline and a public policy has not been prioritized in most Brazilian educational institutions. According to the study on medical demography carried out by the Regional Medical Council of São Paulo (CREMESP), Brazil had 500,000 physicians in 2020, but with unequal distribution among the nation’s five regions, and a concentration of professionals in the capital cities compared to the countryside.
This issue is faced by many countries. In the United States (US) of 8,116 primary care postgraduate training positions (which includes pediatrics, internal medicine, and family doctors), 42 percent were filled by graduates of U.S. medical schools and the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) projects a shortage of 21,100 to 55,200 primary care physicians (PCP) by 2034. In Europe, where PCP was traditionally respected and recognized, the lack of General Practitioners (GP) is also increasing and is a matter of concern. Workload and a lack of perceived prestige associated with the PCP track can make primary care less attractive. These sorts of misconceptions, along with lower salaries, burnout, and difficult career advancement makes primary care a difficult specialty to attract and retain doctors.
For Feuerwerker, vacancies in Brazilian institutions are the result of several elements: the encouragement of distinctive specialties and institutions, the historical misunderstanding and importance of the practice, and the increased incentive of specialization in medical education. The lack of investments in supplies and infrastructure in primary care, career development concerns, and low salaries, and the valorization of the formation of FM doctors in the work of the EFS also contribute to difficulty in retaining these positions in Brazil.
With the aim to reduce the vacancy rate in the medical residency programs for FM, some Brazilian health departments introduced reforms and additional financing for FM training. In 2020, the region of Campinas, where we work, introduced a program called “More Doctors for the City of Campinas” (PMMC), which established a partnership between public and private higher education institutions, hospitals, and Urgency/Emergency Units with a novel post-graduation proposal for FM. It created a program to support the training of specialists in family medicine, stimulate research, and expand care in Basic Health Units, and has since resulted in a 50% decrease in vacancies.
One of the successful elements of the Campinas program, together with quality of medical training, is that it helps bring medical classroom training closer to the community and everyday social reality. PMMC-trained physicians are aware of how their work impacts the local community and its particular health needs. The program has resulted in care that is more responsive to community needs, especially from the perspective of adopting a care model that prioritizes health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in an integrated manner. However, for the EFS to continue to innovate and improve its response capacity to contemporary health problems, it must invest heavily in professional training, the rational incorporation of information and communication technologies, and the creation of appropriate working conditions for multidisciplinary teams.
Disponível em: https://speakingofmedicine.plos.org/2023/01/13/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024. [Adaptado].
Making family medicine a more attractive specialty: strategies to address the shortage of primary care specialists in Brazil
Primary Health Care (PHC) is often the first level of the health system and is responsible for the coordination of medical and interdisciplinary care. As the preferred entry point to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), PHC is of fundamental importance and is present in all regions of the country. It aims to enable access to health care and ensures the coordination and completeness of care. This structure can treat approximately 80% of the overall need related to diseases presented in the Basic Health Units.
Despite its importance, the valorization of PHC and Family Medicine (FM) as a discipline and a public policy has not been prioritized in most Brazilian educational institutions. According to the study on medical demography carried out by the Regional Medical Council of São Paulo (CREMESP), Brazil had 500,000 physicians in 2020, but with unequal distribution among the nation’s five regions, and a concentration of professionals in the capital cities compared to the countryside.
This issue is faced by many countries. In the United States (US) of 8,116 primary care postgraduate training positions (which includes pediatrics, internal medicine, and family doctors), 42 percent were filled by graduates of U.S. medical schools and the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) projects a shortage of 21,100 to 55,200 primary care physicians (PCP) by 2034. In Europe, where PCP was traditionally respected and recognized, the lack of General Practitioners (GP) is also increasing and is a matter of concern. Workload and a lack of perceived prestige associated with the PCP track can make primary care less attractive. These sorts of misconceptions, along with lower salaries, burnout, and difficult career advancement makes primary care a difficult specialty to attract and retain doctors.
For Feuerwerker, vacancies in Brazilian institutions are the result of several elements: the encouragement of distinctive specialties and institutions, the historical misunderstanding and importance of the practice, and the increased incentive of specialization in medical education. The lack of investments in supplies and infrastructure in primary care, career development concerns, and low salaries, and the valorization of the formation of FM doctors in the work of the EFS also contribute to difficulty in retaining these positions in Brazil.
With the aim to reduce the vacancy rate in the medical residency programs for FM, some Brazilian health departments introduced reforms and additional financing for FM training. In 2020, the region of Campinas, where we work, introduced a program called “More Doctors for the City of Campinas” (PMMC), which established a partnership between public and private higher education institutions, hospitals, and Urgency/Emergency Units with a novel post-graduation proposal for FM. It created a program to support the training of specialists in family medicine, stimulate research, and expand care in Basic Health Units, and has since resulted in a 50% decrease in vacancies.
One of the successful elements of the Campinas program, together with quality of medical training, is that it helps bring medical classroom training closer to the community and everyday social reality. PMMC-trained physicians are aware of how their work impacts the local community and its particular health needs. The program has resulted in care that is more responsive to community needs, especially from the perspective of adopting a care model that prioritizes health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in an integrated manner. However, for the EFS to continue to innovate and improve its response capacity to contemporary health problems, it must invest heavily in professional training, the rational incorporation of information and communication technologies, and the creation of appropriate working conditions for multidisciplinary teams.
Disponível em: https://speakingofmedicine.plos.org/2023/01/13/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024. [Adaptado].
Consider the following proposals of replacement for the expression fell by the wayside (l. 32) to be substituted.
I - became unhabitual.
II - fell into disuse.
III - was prohibited.
In the given context, which would retain the meaning of the original expression?
Each painting technique has its pros and cons. Read the list of pros below.
I - Encaustic painting allows the artist to have full control and achieve pre-planned results.
II - Pigmented wax forms the primary medium of encaustics, to which other bindings can also be added.
III - Encaustics are fungus free.
Which pros are mentioned in the text as representative of encaustic painting?
Read the following assertions about encaustic painting.
I - Encaustic painting does not blend with other painting techniques.
II - Encaustics are considered cost-effective and easy to handle in the studio.
III - Encaustic painting requires strict safety measures.
Which assertions are correct?
Assinale com V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) as afirmações abaixo, acerca do texto.
( ) O pronome those (l. 10) refere-se a war veterans (l. 09).
( ) As palavras Most (l. 19), some (l. 23) others (l. 24) those (l. 25) referem-se a blind people.
( ) O pronome whose (l. 30) refere-se a nerve (l. 30).
( ) O pronome which (l. 35) refere-se a blindness (l. 35).
A sequência correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é
Considere as seguintes afirmações acerca do segundo parágrafo do texto.
I - O impulso a equiparar a cegueira à escuridão é exemplificado através da ideia do mundo coberto por um véu negro.
II - Duas pessoas comparam a cegueira a situações diferentes, quais sejam, o “zumbido visual” e o “mundo de névoa”.
III - A cegueira pode ser comparável, para algumas pessoas, a enxergar o mundo através de um buraco de botão de camisa, enquanto para outras a luz produz um efeito semelhante a agulhas brilhantes.
Quais estão corretas?
(www.aljazeera.com, 28.11.2023. Adaptado.)
According to the information presented, a suitable title for the text is:
Social media are forms of digital communication through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content. Social media use is not inherently beneficial or harmful. Social media platforms offer powerful opportunities for socialization and connection, but may also have some negative effects, including misinformation and disinformation, hate speech, and cyberbullying. At the extreme, social media use can interfere with sleep, physical activity, and in-person social interactions.
(www.apa.org. Adaptado.)
The text intends to
Text 2
White Blood
Doctors in Germany faced something they had never seen before. A 39-year-old patient’s blood was so pale and thick that it looked like milk. The medical condition was not a mystery. The (1) nearly comatose patient suffered from extreme hypertriglyceridemia. It is caused by too much fat in the blood.
Siphoning off the offending triglyceride molecules and returning the cleaned plasma to the body usually solves the problem. However, when staff tried the normal route, his viscous blood clogged the hospital’s filtering equipment. Not once, but twice. The problem was a record amount of triglycerides. Around 500 mg/dL is considered “high.” The man’s count read (2) an astonishing 18,000 mg/dL.
Desperate to save his life, doctors (3) resorted to an ancient remedy abandoned by modern medicinebloodletting. A good amount of the white gunk was drained and replaced with red blood cell concentrates and saline solution. It worked. (4) Although the cause of the severity is unknown, the patient’s genes, obesity, and irregular consumption of his diabetes medication might have combined to cause the mother of all hypertriglyceridemia cases.
(Source: 10 Fascinating Facts And Stories Involving Body Parts - Listverse - Adapted. Retrieved on 23rd Sep, 2024)
Select the option that provides the CORRECT sequence to replace the underlined words in Text 2, while maintaining the original meaning as closely as possible.
Binge-watching television, watching YouTube videos for hours, or scrolling on your phone every morning may seem (I) ____________, but research shows that too much screen time may be (II) ____________ to your health. [...] Too much (III) ____________ can impact our health in a myriad of ways, (IV) ____________ eye strain and neck pain (V)________social isolation and mental health issues, and in some cases, it may cause harm (VI) ____________ our brains.
(Source: Adapted from What Excessive Screen Time Does to the Adult Brain | Cognitive Enhancement (stanford.edu), retrieved on 23rd Sep, 2024)
Select the option that contains the CORRECT sequence of words to accurately complete the excerpt.
Text 1
Monkeypox is nothing new, and the virus is endemic in several countries. But when cases started appearing beyond the expected places—and among people who didn’t travel to those endemic regions—researchers paid attention. [...] We’ve been aware of monkeypox for decades, and we have been interested in it mostly because it’s a cousin of smallpox. It is a related orthopoxvirus. The symptoms, although somewhat less severe, are quite similar to smallpox. In most cases, it causes relatively mild illness, meaning most people don’t end up in the hospital with it. [...] It spreads through large respiratory droplets and bodily fluids, so mostly it spreads through close or intimate contact with other people. It’s not highly contagious— nothing like COVID, for example. [...] The Monkeypox virus does tend to be a very stable virus. Unlike COVID, or flu that’s mutating constantly, the orthopoxviruses tend to be quite stable. I think the expectation is that the vaccines would still be effective.
(Source: Adapted from What You Need to Know About Monkeypox | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health (jhu.edu), retrieved on 23rd Sep, 2024)
According to Text 1, analyse whether the statements that follow are true (T) or false (F).
I ( ) Monkeypox is a recently discovered virus that has drawn researchers' attention.
II ( ) Monkeypox and smallpox are caused by viruses that belong to the same family.
III ( ) Usually, the symptoms of smallpox do not result in severe manifestations or health problems and are generally not serious, unlike those of the monkeypox.
IV ( ) The monkeypox virus mutates constantly. Covid and the flu viruses are likely to be quite stable.
V ( ) It's expected that the vaccines for monkeypox, smallpox, Covid, and the flu are effective because these viruses are relatively stable.
VI ( ) Some regions of the world experience ongoing levels of monkeypox rather than occasional outbreaks.
The statements I to VI are respectively:
(Source: https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KvIwfjxiZu4/V6KAlfPrSYI/AAAAAAAAAAM/ya3cGDKxfrc7LodtbR8qSQAtOTyGmhlgCLcB/s1600/maxresdefault.jpg, retrieved on 23rd Sep, 2024)
Choose the alternative which CORRECTLY explains the meaning of 'Brain Drain', according to the image above.
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