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Q4395948 Biologia
A transpiração estomática representa a principal via de perda de água pelas plantas vasculares e desempenha papel fundamental na manutenção do fluxo de seiva bruta e nas trocas gasosas. A abertura e o fechamento dos estômatos dependem de fatores ambientais e fisiológicos que alteram o turgor das células-guarda.

Os mecanismos fisiológicos relacionados à evapotranspiração estomática estão descritos corretamente em:
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Q4395947 Biologia
A fotografia mostra um colhereiro (Platalea ajaja), ave aquática cujo bico achatado e alargado na extremidade permite capturar pequenos peixes, crustáceos e outros organismos em águas rasas.

Imagem associada para resolução da questão (Disponível em: https://pt.wikipedia.org)

Uma explicação compatível com a Teoria Sintética da Evolução sobre o bico do colhereiro é:
Alternativas
Q4395946 Biologia
Analise o cladograma a seguir que representa, de forma geral, a evolução dos grupos botânicos.
Imagem associada para resolução da questão
Com base no cladograma apresentado, assinale a alternativa que identifica corretamente as aquisições evolutivas representadas por 1, 2, 3 e 4.
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Q4395945 Biologia
Durante uma campanha de promoção de saúde e bem- -estar, a prefeitura de uma cidade desenvolveu atividades sobre saneamento básico e controle de doenças. Os munícipes verificaram que algumas enfermidades apresentam redução significativa com a ampliação do abastecimento de água tratada e da coleta de esgoto, enquanto outras enfermidades dependem principalmente do controle de organismos transmissores.

Considerando a profilaxia desses dois grupos de enfermidades, afirma-se que
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Q4395944 Biologia
Durante as pesquisas sobre o processo de evolução celular, foram identificadas evidências de que algumas organelas das células eucarióticas possuem DNA próprio, ribossomos semelhantes aos das bactérias e capacidade de divisão independente do núcleo celular.

A respeito da relação entre essas características e as hipóteses sobre a origem das células eucarióticas, é correto afirmar que
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Q4395943 Biologia
Como parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de educação ambiental, uma escola iniciou a implantação de uma horta coletiva e um sistema de compostagem utilizando minhocas vermelhas e restos de frutas, verduras e folhas provenientes da merenda escolar.

Além de produzir alimentos para o refeitório e promover discussões com os estudantes sobre sustentabilidade e responsabilidade socioambiental, tal projeto de educação ambiental
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Q4395942 Biologia
Referente ao aquecimento global, foram apresentados dados convincentes mostrando que a concentração atmosférica de dióxido de carbono (CO2) aumentou nas últimas décadas em decorrência, entre outros fatores, da queima de combustíveis fósseis e da redução da cobertura vegetal nativa.

A relação entre o ciclo do carbono e o efeito estufa decorre que
Alternativas
Q4395941 Biologia
A membrana plasmática é constituída por uma bicamada lipídica com proteínas inseridas, além de carboidratos e esteroides, conforme a figura a seguir.

Imagem associada para resolução da questão (Disponível em: www.biologianet.com)

Com base na organização da membrana plasmática, afirma-se que
Alternativas
Q4395940 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária
O ciclo da água e o saneamento básico estão totalmente interligados, além dos processos naturais de evaporação, precipitação e infiltração, o ambiente urbano depende de diferentes sistemas de tubulações para garantir o abastecimento de água, a coleta de esgoto e o manejo das águas das chuvas.

A correta compreensão do transporte de fluidos nessas três tubulações permite compreender a importância do ciclo da água para o ser humano e distinguir suas funções no saneamento básico, uma vez que
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Q4395939 Meio Ambiente
Em um remanescente de Mata Atlântica, pesquisadores observaram um grupo de bugios alimentando-se dos frutos de uma figueira que abrigava bromélias as quais acumulavam água entre suas folhas, servindo de abrigo para anfíbios e invertebrados. No mesmo ambiente, registraram elevada umidade do ar, solo rico em matéria orgânica e baixa incidência de luz no sub-bosque.

Ao discutir a dinâmica desse ecossistema, um dos pesquisadores destacou a importância da integração entre fatores abióticos e bióticos, uma vez que
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Q4395938 Biologia
Durante uma aula do Ensino Médio, foi proposto aos estudantes o cruzamento entre duas linhagens puras de ervilhas, uma com sementes amarelas e outra com sementes verdes, nos mesmos moldes desenvolvidos por Gregor Mendel. Após obterem a geração F1, os estudantes realizaram a autofecundação dos indivíduos heterozigotos e observaram a esperada proporção fenotípica da geração F2.

Para explicar o resultado obtido, destaca-se um princípio fundamental da genética clássica:
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Q4395897 Inglês
Leia a tirinha a seguir:

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(https://maryannall.weebly.com)

The way Michael’s mother reacts to the boy’s statements reflects the view of the nature of language encountered in
Alternativas
Q4395896 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


    Central to an approach or method in language teaching is a view of the nature of language, and this shapes teaching goals, the organization of the curriculum, and the emphasis given in classroom teaching. A lexical approach in language teaching refers to one derived from the belief that the building blocks of language learning and communication are not grammar, functions, notions or some other unit of planning and teaching but lexis, that is, words and word combinations. The lexical view holds that only a minority of spoken sentences are entirely novel creations and that multiword units functioning as ‘chunks” or memorized patterns form a high proportion of the fluent stretches of speech heard in everyday conversations.

     Collocations are ‘language chunks’ that form an integral part of any discourse, written or spoken. The term refers to the regular occurrence together of words. For example, compare the following collocations of verbs with nouns:

    Do my hair/ the cooking /the laundry/ my work

    Make my bed/ a promise/ coffee/ a meal


(RICHARDS, Jack C.; RODGERS, Theodore S. Approaches and methods in language teaching. 2. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Adaptado)
A correct collocation with the verb “make” is found in alternative
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Q4395895 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


    Central to an approach or method in language teaching is a view of the nature of language, and this shapes teaching goals, the organization of the curriculum, and the emphasis given in classroom teaching. A lexical approach in language teaching refers to one derived from the belief that the building blocks of language learning and communication are not grammar, functions, notions or some other unit of planning and teaching but lexis, that is, words and word combinations. The lexical view holds that only a minority of spoken sentences are entirely novel creations and that multiword units functioning as ‘chunks” or memorized patterns form a high proportion of the fluent stretches of speech heard in everyday conversations.

     Collocations are ‘language chunks’ that form an integral part of any discourse, written or spoken. The term refers to the regular occurrence together of words. For example, compare the following collocations of verbs with nouns:

    Do my hair/ the cooking /the laundry/ my work

    Make my bed/ a promise/ coffee/ a meal


(RICHARDS, Jack C.; RODGERS, Theodore S. Approaches and methods in language teaching. 2. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Adaptado)
Lexical approaches stress the teaching of the lexicon because, under this perspective, words or multiword lexical chunks
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Q4395894 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


    Notional-functional syllabuses (hereafter referred to as NFS) began to be used in the United Kingdom in the 1970’s. The distinguishing characteristics of the NFS were its attention to functions as the organizing elements of English language curriculum, and its contrast with a structural syllabus in which sequenced grammatical structures served as organizers. Thus, the NFS focused strongly on the pragmatic purposes to which we put language. Curricula were then organized around such functions as identifying, reporting, denying, accepting, declining, apologizing, etc. Some seventy different language functions were identified.

    The NFS quickly provided popular underpinnings for the development of communicative textbooks and materials in English language courses. It is important to emphasize that the NFS did not necessarily develop communicative competence in learners because, as a syllabus, it still presented language as an inventory of units – functional rather than grammatical units, but units nonetheless. Communicative competence implies a set of strategies for getting messages sent and received and for negotiating meaning as an interactive participant in discourse, whether spoken or written. It pressuposes the learners’ ability to “know how to do” things, being able to act in different situations as they put their constructed knowledge into practice.


(BROWN, H. Douglas. Teaching by principles: an interactive approach to language pedagogy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents, 1994. Adaptado)
Grande parte dos aprendizes brasileiros de Inglês percebe o sufixo -ed no passado e particípio passado de verbos regulares como tendo o mesmo som quando, na verdade, -ed pode assumir diversos sons. Dos verbos a seguir, retirados do texto, assinale aquele em que o -ed final é pronunciado como /id/ e acrescenta uma sílaba à palavra.
Alternativas
Q4395893 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


    Notional-functional syllabuses (hereafter referred to as NFS) began to be used in the United Kingdom in the 1970’s. The distinguishing characteristics of the NFS were its attention to functions as the organizing elements of English language curriculum, and its contrast with a structural syllabus in which sequenced grammatical structures served as organizers. Thus, the NFS focused strongly on the pragmatic purposes to which we put language. Curricula were then organized around such functions as identifying, reporting, denying, accepting, declining, apologizing, etc. Some seventy different language functions were identified.

    The NFS quickly provided popular underpinnings for the development of communicative textbooks and materials in English language courses. It is important to emphasize that the NFS did not necessarily develop communicative competence in learners because, as a syllabus, it still presented language as an inventory of units – functional rather than grammatical units, but units nonetheless. Communicative competence implies a set of strategies for getting messages sent and received and for negotiating meaning as an interactive participant in discourse, whether spoken or written. It pressuposes the learners’ ability to “know how to do” things, being able to act in different situations as they put their constructed knowledge into practice.


(BROWN, H. Douglas. Teaching by principles: an interactive approach to language pedagogy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents, 1994. Adaptado)
It is an example of a meaning-focused classroom activity, fulfilling a genuine communicative purpose:
Alternativas
Q4395892 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


    Notional-functional syllabuses (hereafter referred to as NFS) began to be used in the United Kingdom in the 1970’s. The distinguishing characteristics of the NFS were its attention to functions as the organizing elements of English language curriculum, and its contrast with a structural syllabus in which sequenced grammatical structures served as organizers. Thus, the NFS focused strongly on the pragmatic purposes to which we put language. Curricula were then organized around such functions as identifying, reporting, denying, accepting, declining, apologizing, etc. Some seventy different language functions were identified.

    The NFS quickly provided popular underpinnings for the development of communicative textbooks and materials in English language courses. It is important to emphasize that the NFS did not necessarily develop communicative competence in learners because, as a syllabus, it still presented language as an inventory of units – functional rather than grammatical units, but units nonetheless. Communicative competence implies a set of strategies for getting messages sent and received and for negotiating meaning as an interactive participant in discourse, whether spoken or written. It pressuposes the learners’ ability to “know how to do” things, being able to act in different situations as they put their constructed knowledge into practice.


(BROWN, H. Douglas. Teaching by principles: an interactive approach to language pedagogy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents, 1994. Adaptado)
Teachers who understand competence as “the learners’ ability to “know how to do” things, being able to act in different situations as they put their constructed knowledge into practice” (paragraph 2) will, in their English classes,
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Q4395891 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


    Notional-functional syllabuses (hereafter referred to as NFS) began to be used in the United Kingdom in the 1970’s. The distinguishing characteristics of the NFS were its attention to functions as the organizing elements of English language curriculum, and its contrast with a structural syllabus in which sequenced grammatical structures served as organizers. Thus, the NFS focused strongly on the pragmatic purposes to which we put language. Curricula were then organized around such functions as identifying, reporting, denying, accepting, declining, apologizing, etc. Some seventy different language functions were identified.

    The NFS quickly provided popular underpinnings for the development of communicative textbooks and materials in English language courses. It is important to emphasize that the NFS did not necessarily develop communicative competence in learners because, as a syllabus, it still presented language as an inventory of units – functional rather than grammatical units, but units nonetheless. Communicative competence implies a set of strategies for getting messages sent and received and for negotiating meaning as an interactive participant in discourse, whether spoken or written. It pressuposes the learners’ ability to “know how to do” things, being able to act in different situations as they put their constructed knowledge into practice.


(BROWN, H. Douglas. Teaching by principles: an interactive approach to language pedagogy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents, 1994. Adaptado)
Na frase do primeiro parágrafo “Thus, the NFS focused strongly on the pragmatic purposes to which we put language”, o termo destacado pode ser substituído, respeitando o sentido e o nível de formalidade do discurso, por
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Q4395890 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


    Notional-functional syllabuses (hereafter referred to as NFS) began to be used in the United Kingdom in the 1970’s. The distinguishing characteristics of the NFS were its attention to functions as the organizing elements of English language curriculum, and its contrast with a structural syllabus in which sequenced grammatical structures served as organizers. Thus, the NFS focused strongly on the pragmatic purposes to which we put language. Curricula were then organized around such functions as identifying, reporting, denying, accepting, declining, apologizing, etc. Some seventy different language functions were identified.

    The NFS quickly provided popular underpinnings for the development of communicative textbooks and materials in English language courses. It is important to emphasize that the NFS did not necessarily develop communicative competence in learners because, as a syllabus, it still presented language as an inventory of units – functional rather than grammatical units, but units nonetheless. Communicative competence implies a set of strategies for getting messages sent and received and for negotiating meaning as an interactive participant in discourse, whether spoken or written. It pressuposes the learners’ ability to “know how to do” things, being able to act in different situations as they put their constructed knowledge into practice.


(BROWN, H. Douglas. Teaching by principles: an interactive approach to language pedagogy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents, 1994. Adaptado)
Academic and scientific English makes regular use of Latin and Greek words and adopts their plural forms as well, as we see in “curriculum” and “curricula” (paragraph 1).

Mark the alternative in which a singular noun is correctly followed by its plural form.
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Q4395889 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


    Notional-functional syllabuses (hereafter referred to as NFS) began to be used in the United Kingdom in the 1970’s. The distinguishing characteristics of the NFS were its attention to functions as the organizing elements of English language curriculum, and its contrast with a structural syllabus in which sequenced grammatical structures served as organizers. Thus, the NFS focused strongly on the pragmatic purposes to which we put language. Curricula were then organized around such functions as identifying, reporting, denying, accepting, declining, apologizing, etc. Some seventy different language functions were identified.

    The NFS quickly provided popular underpinnings for the development of communicative textbooks and materials in English language courses. It is important to emphasize that the NFS did not necessarily develop communicative competence in learners because, as a syllabus, it still presented language as an inventory of units – functional rather than grammatical units, but units nonetheless. Communicative competence implies a set of strategies for getting messages sent and received and for negotiating meaning as an interactive participant in discourse, whether spoken or written. It pressuposes the learners’ ability to “know how to do” things, being able to act in different situations as they put their constructed knowledge into practice.


(BROWN, H. Douglas. Teaching by principles: an interactive approach to language pedagogy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents, 1994. Adaptado)
The same function can be performed at different levels of formality, depending on the context and the intimacy between speakers.

There is an adequate choice of grammar and vocabulary in the function ‘making a recommendation’ in the situation illustrated in alternative
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Respostas
11601: A
11602: B
11603: C
11604: E
11605: B
11606: C
11607: E
11608: C
11609: B
11610: D
11611: A
11612: D
11613: A
11614: C
11615: E
11616: C
11617: E
11618: A
11619: D
11620: B