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Ano: 2026
Banca:
FUNCAMP
Órgão:
UNICAMP
Prova:
FUNCAMP - 2026 - UNICAMP - Médico - Perfil Médico Cirurgião de Cabeça e Pescoço - Edital nº 68 |
Q4399097
Medicina
Sobre os melanomas, assinale a alternativa incorreta.
Ano: 2026
Banca:
FUNCAMP
Órgão:
UNICAMP
Prova:
FUNCAMP - 2026 - UNICAMP - Médico - Perfil Médico Cirurgião de Cabeça e Pescoço - Edital nº 68 |
Q4399096
Medicina
Sobre as neoplasias de pele, assinale a alternativa correta.
Ano: 2026
Banca:
FUNCAMP
Órgão:
UNICAMP
Prova:
FUNCAMP - 2026 - UNICAMP - Médico - Perfil Médico Cirurgião de Cabeça e Pescoço - Edital nº 68 |
Q4399095
Medicina
Em relação às patologias das glândulas salivares, assinale a alternativa correta.
Ano: 2026
Banca:
FUNCAMP
Órgão:
UNICAMP
Prova:
FUNCAMP - 2026 - UNICAMP - Médico - Perfil Médico Cirurgião de Cabeça e Pescoço - Edital nº 68 |
Q4399094
Medicina
Em relação aos tumores cervicais congênitos, é correto afirmar:
Ano: 2026
Banca:
FUNCAMP
Órgão:
UNICAMP
Prova:
FUNCAMP - 2026 - UNICAMP - Médico - Perfil Médico Cirurgião de Cabeça e Pescoço - Edital nº 68 |
Q4399093
Medicina
Em relação aos cuidados perioperatórios dos pacientes submetidos a laringectomia total, assinale a alternativa incorreta.
Ano: 2026
Banca:
FUNCAMP
Órgão:
UNICAMP
Prova:
FUNCAMP - 2026 - UNICAMP - Médico - Perfil Médico Cirurgião de Cabeça e Pescoço - Edital nº 68 |
Q4399092
Medicina
No que se refere às complicações pós-operatórias em tireoidectomias, assinale a alternativa incorreta.
Ano: 2026
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2026 - Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira – Inglês - Edital nº 13 |
Q4399075
Pedagogia
Read the study case below:
An English class is preparing multimodal digital travel guides that combine written descriptions, maps, photographs, and recorded explanations. One student is blind and uses a screen reader. The English teacher and the second teacher want the student to work toward the same communicative goals while ensuring access to source materials and meaningful participation in the final product.
Which plan is pedagogically appropriate?
An English class is preparing multimodal digital travel guides that combine written descriptions, maps, photographs, and recorded explanations. One student is blind and uses a screen reader. The English teacher and the second teacher want the student to work toward the same communicative goals while ensuring access to source materials and meaningful participation in the final product.
Which plan is pedagogically appropriate?
Ano: 2026
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2026 - Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira – Inglês - Edital nº 13 |
Q4399074
Inglês
A language program assesses learners through CEFR
mediation descriptors. One learner can reliably convey
detailed information and the main arguments of complex
but clearly structured texts, provided that the topics
concern professional, academic, or personal fields with
which the learner is familiar. The task requires selecting
and reorganizing relevant information for another person, but does not involve interpreting highly implicit meanings,
subtle ambiguity, or specialized material beyond the
learner's field.
Within the CEFR mediation scale, this performance corresponds to:
Within the CEFR mediation scale, this performance corresponds to:
Ano: 2026
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2026 - Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira – Inglês - Edital nº 13 |
Q4399073
Inglês
The article contrasts low rates of therapy use among
older adults with research on treatment effectiveness and
discusses barriers operating at different levels. Its
argument therefore depends on distinguishing evidence
about access, effectiveness, and attitudes toward ageing
rather than treating them as equivalent phenomena.
Analyze the statements below:
I.The lower rate of therapy use among older adults cannot, on the evidence presented, be interpreted as evidence that psychotherapy is less effective for this age group.
II.The article presents group-based interventions as consistently more effective than individual therapy for every older adult receiving psychological treatment.
III.Age-related prejudice may affect access both through healthcare practices and through beliefs internalised by older potential patients.
It is correct what is stated in:
Analyze the statements below:
I.The lower rate of therapy use among older adults cannot, on the evidence presented, be interpreted as evidence that psychotherapy is less effective for this age group.
II.The article presents group-based interventions as consistently more effective than individual therapy for every older adult receiving psychological treatment.
III.Age-related prejudice may affect access both through healthcare practices and through beliefs internalised by older potential patients.
It is correct what is stated in:
Ano: 2026
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2026 - Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira – Inglês - Edital nº 13 |
Q4399072
Inglês
The article combines percentages from different sources
with qualified claims about access, effectiveness, and
treatment completion. A careful reader must distinguish
what the evidence directly establishes from conclusions
that would extend beyond the information actually presented.
Judge the statements below as True (T) or False (F):
(__)The World Health Organization figure cited in the article indicates that around 14% of people over 70 live with a mental health disorder.
(__)The 2024 study reports a lower rate of psychological therapy among adults aged 65 and over than among both younger comparison groups mentioned.
(__)A completion rate that can reach 54% establishes that most older therapy patients in every population complete treatment.
(__)The article establishes ageist attitudes among physicians as the sole cause of lower therapy access among older adults.
The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is:
Judge the statements below as True (T) or False (F):
(__)The World Health Organization figure cited in the article indicates that around 14% of people over 70 live with a mental health disorder.
(__)The 2024 study reports a lower rate of psychological therapy among adults aged 65 and over than among both younger comparison groups mentioned.
(__)A completion rate that can reach 54% establishes that most older therapy patients in every population complete treatment.
(__)The article establishes ageist attitudes among physicians as the sole cause of lower therapy access among older adults.
The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is:
Ano: 2026
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2026 - Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira – Inglês - Edital nº 13 |
Q4399071
Inglês
Consider the following sentences:
I.The students looked the unfamiliar expression up before the discussion.
II.The students relied on the glossary during the discussion.
The position of the object in these sentences provides evidence about the syntactic behavior of the multiword verbs involved.
Which analysis is correct?
I.The students looked the unfamiliar expression up before the discussion.
II.The students relied on the glossary during the discussion.
The position of the object in these sentences provides evidence about the syntactic behavior of the multiword verbs involved.
Which analysis is correct?
Ano: 2026
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2026 - Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira – Inglês - Edital nº 13 |
Q4399070
Inglês
The article discusses treatment outcomes, possible
advantages of group interventions, and several reasons
why older adults may fail to enter therapy. These points
require careful distinction between what the text
suggests, what it reports directly, and what would
constitute an unsupported generalization.
Analyze the statements below:
I.The article associates the potentially strong response to group interventions with the opportunity for structured social connection.
II.The reference to completion rates reaching 54% demonstrates that older participants consistently complete therapy more often than younger participants.
III.The article presents both financial constraints and healthcare referral practices as barriers to therapy access.
It is correct to state that:
Analyze the statements below:
I.The article associates the potentially strong response to group interventions with the opportunity for structured social connection.
II.The reference to completion rates reaching 54% demonstrates that older participants consistently complete therapy more often than younger participants.
III.The article presents both financial constraints and healthcare referral practices as barriers to therapy access.
It is correct to state that:
Ano: 2026
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2026 - Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira – Inglês - Edital nº 13 |
Q4399069
Inglês
A teacher presents short interactions among English
users from Kenya, India, Brazil, Singapore, Canada, and
Nigeria. Instead of ranking pronunciation against one
national standard, the class analyzes intelligibility,
accommodation strategies, identity marking, and the
ways speakers negotiate meaning across linguistic
backgrounds.
Which pedagogical principle is consistent with this approach?
Which pedagogical principle is consistent with this approach?
Ano: 2026
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2026 - Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira – Inglês - Edital nº 13 |
Q4399068
Inglês
Texto associado
'I felt lighter, more open': Why you are never too old
for therapy
We assume therapy belongs to youth, yet older people
may be particularly likely to benefit from psychological
support.
Maurizio is 70. He recently began therapy in the hope of
better understanding a physical pain he had carried since
childhood. He has suffered migraines since the age of
seven and wanted to explore what might lie behind them.
Over the years he had consulted different doctors and
sought multiple opinions – therapy was another attempt
to trace the origins of the problem. But he continued even
after realising he might never find a single cause. "The
process itself became something meaningful, a space for
introspection that helped me understand my life more
clearly," Mauizio says. (We have omitted the surnames of
the therapy clients quoted within this piece to preserve
their privacy.)
Antonio, 73, and his wife Gigliola, 68, turned to therapy
hoping to save their relationship after years marked by
disappointments and unspoken tensions. "After some
time, I realised I felt lighter, more open," Antonio says.
"Looking within ourselves and bringing out what we could
never say before perhaps helped us," Gigliola adds.
Their stories challenge a common assumption: that
therapy is only for the young. And a growing body of
evidence suggests that many older people could benefit
from the same kind of help.
Therapy in later life
The potential for therapy to treat mental illness and
enhance our overall wellbeing is now well-established,
yet it is relatively rare for older people to access these
services.
According to the World Health Organization, around 14%
of people over 70 live with a mental health disorder, most
commonly anxiety and depression, and 17% of all
suicides occur in people of in this age range. A study
published in 2024, however, found that only around 4%
of US adults aged 65 and over received psychological
therapy, compared with 12% of those aged 18-24 and
8% among those aged 35-64.
This is despite there being no evidence that therapy is
any less effective or useful as we get older, according to
Pim Cuijpers, professor of clinical psychology at the Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands. "Therapies
work across the whole adult age," he says.
Cuijpers recently published a review on psychotherapy
for depression across different age groups. "What
surprised me is that there is quite a lot of research in
older people who are above 75 and we didn't find any
indication that psychotherapies differ in that age group either," he says.
Older people may find that therapy helps to target some
of the specific concerns that come with ageing, including
social isolation and chronic illness, with widespread
benefits. Many report improvements in overall wellbeing,
renewed motivation and increased social participation. In
this way therapy can function as a bridge: helping older
adults reconnect with themselves and the wider world.
The strongest responses, according to a 2025 review,
may be found in group-based interventions, which makes
sense, since they offer a structured means of relating
with others.
And despite lower levels of initial access, completion
rates among older participants can reach up to 54%,
often surpassing those of younger adults. This
demonstrates that older patients are frequently highly
committed to therapy and capable of sustaining the work
required for meaningful change.
"We don't know the reasons but we could imagine that
when older adults are willing to seek help, they are also
more motivated to do that," says Cuijpers.
Barriers to care
Financial difficulties help explain part of the gap in older
people beginning therapy in the first place: their health
insurance may not cover therapy, and they may not be
able to afford to pay for it independently.
A world of therapy options
Therapy comes in many different forms and can be
tailored to different needs. A few that may be worth
considering trying are:
• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) focuses on
identifying and changing unhelpful thought patterns.
• Psychodynamic therapy has an emphasis on how past
experiences shape present emotions and behaviours.
• Family therapy is for those who want to work beyond an
individual focus (such as in Antonio and Gigliola's case)
and looks at relationships and dynamics within the family
as a whole.
• Group therapy creates opportunities to share
experiences with people facing similar medical diagnoses
and to feel more understood and less alone.
But another barrier can arise within the healthcare
system itself. The journey into therapy often depends on
a referral from a primary care physician, yet some
research suggests that older adults are referred to
psychological treatments less frequently, even when they
present with symptoms of anxiety or depression. Their
distress may be seen as a natural response to ageing or
physical decline, rather than as a mental health condition
that warrants treatment.
Part of this prejudice comes from Sigmund Freud, the
founder of psychoanalysis, who argued that therapy
stopped working after 40 or 50 years, says Rossana De
Beni, professor and senior researcher in experimental
psychology at the University of Padua, Italy. In On
Psychotherapy (1905), a brief technical paper on the practice of psychoanalysis, Freud noted that above a
certain age "the elasticity of the mental processes, on
which the treatment depends, is as a rule lacking".
But that is "absolutely not true", says De Beni. In fact,
"studies show the opposite".
Clinicians need to see the older person for who they truly
are, De Beni points out, not simply as "an old person",
but as a multi-faceted individual. Unfortunately, our ageist
prejudices are often "deeply entrenched", she says.
Some of the ageism may be internalised by the potential
patients themselves. Beliefs such as the idea that mental
health problems are simply a normal part of ageing are
among the most frequently cited obstacles to accessing
care. This is especially problematic, since ageism can
itself predispose someone to greater anxiety and
depression.
The simple truth is that positive transformation is possible
across the lifespan. "Ageing, right to the very end, is a
stage of life marked by change," De Beni says. "People
become more fully themselves in a process of continuous
transformation, learning and flexibility that never truly
ends."
Maurizio certainly identifies with this sentiment. "There
are three moments when therapy helped me: in dealing
with my marital separation, in working through certain
conflicts with my children, and in navigating the transition
from active work to a pre-retirement phase, where I had
to find new ways to socialise," Maurizio says. "I never
thought it could be too late for anything."
He hopes that he has set an example for others to follow.
"I think it may have planted a small seed: not today, not
tomorrow, but perhaps the day after, they will bring it out
and water it," he says.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20260609-mental-health-and-ageingwhy-you-are-never-too-old-for-therapy
The article opens with the experiences of Maurizio,
Antonio, and Gigliola before introducing statistics,
research findings, and expert commentary. Their
individual experiences are therefore positioned within a
broader discussion about ageing, access to
psychological care, and assumptions concerning
therapeutic effectiveness.
What is the main argumentative function of these personal narratives?
What is the main argumentative function of these personal narratives?
Ano: 2026
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2026 - Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira – Inglês - Edital nº 13 |
Q4399067
Inglês
Texto associado
'I felt lighter, more open': Why you are never too old
for therapy
We assume therapy belongs to youth, yet older people
may be particularly likely to benefit from psychological
support.
Maurizio is 70. He recently began therapy in the hope of
better understanding a physical pain he had carried since
childhood. He has suffered migraines since the age of
seven and wanted to explore what might lie behind them.
Over the years he had consulted different doctors and
sought multiple opinions – therapy was another attempt
to trace the origins of the problem. But he continued even
after realising he might never find a single cause. "The
process itself became something meaningful, a space for
introspection that helped me understand my life more
clearly," Mauizio says. (We have omitted the surnames of
the therapy clients quoted within this piece to preserve
their privacy.)
Antonio, 73, and his wife Gigliola, 68, turned to therapy
hoping to save their relationship after years marked by
disappointments and unspoken tensions. "After some
time, I realised I felt lighter, more open," Antonio says.
"Looking within ourselves and bringing out what we could
never say before perhaps helped us," Gigliola adds.
Their stories challenge a common assumption: that
therapy is only for the young. And a growing body of
evidence suggests that many older people could benefit
from the same kind of help.
Therapy in later life
The potential for therapy to treat mental illness and
enhance our overall wellbeing is now well-established,
yet it is relatively rare for older people to access these
services.
According to the World Health Organization, around 14%
of people over 70 live with a mental health disorder, most
commonly anxiety and depression, and 17% of all
suicides occur in people of in this age range. A study
published in 2024, however, found that only around 4%
of US adults aged 65 and over received psychological
therapy, compared with 12% of those aged 18-24 and
8% among those aged 35-64.
This is despite there being no evidence that therapy is
any less effective or useful as we get older, according to
Pim Cuijpers, professor of clinical psychology at the Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands. "Therapies
work across the whole adult age," he says.
Cuijpers recently published a review on psychotherapy
for depression across different age groups. "What
surprised me is that there is quite a lot of research in
older people who are above 75 and we didn't find any
indication that psychotherapies differ in that age group either," he says.
Older people may find that therapy helps to target some
of the specific concerns that come with ageing, including
social isolation and chronic illness, with widespread
benefits. Many report improvements in overall wellbeing,
renewed motivation and increased social participation. In
this way therapy can function as a bridge: helping older
adults reconnect with themselves and the wider world.
The strongest responses, according to a 2025 review,
may be found in group-based interventions, which makes
sense, since they offer a structured means of relating
with others.
And despite lower levels of initial access, completion
rates among older participants can reach up to 54%,
often surpassing those of younger adults. This
demonstrates that older patients are frequently highly
committed to therapy and capable of sustaining the work
required for meaningful change.
"We don't know the reasons but we could imagine that
when older adults are willing to seek help, they are also
more motivated to do that," says Cuijpers.
Barriers to care
Financial difficulties help explain part of the gap in older
people beginning therapy in the first place: their health
insurance may not cover therapy, and they may not be
able to afford to pay for it independently.
A world of therapy options
Therapy comes in many different forms and can be
tailored to different needs. A few that may be worth
considering trying are:
• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) focuses on
identifying and changing unhelpful thought patterns.
• Psychodynamic therapy has an emphasis on how past
experiences shape present emotions and behaviours.
• Family therapy is for those who want to work beyond an
individual focus (such as in Antonio and Gigliola's case)
and looks at relationships and dynamics within the family
as a whole.
• Group therapy creates opportunities to share
experiences with people facing similar medical diagnoses
and to feel more understood and less alone.
But another barrier can arise within the healthcare
system itself. The journey into therapy often depends on
a referral from a primary care physician, yet some
research suggests that older adults are referred to
psychological treatments less frequently, even when they
present with symptoms of anxiety or depression. Their
distress may be seen as a natural response to ageing or
physical decline, rather than as a mental health condition
that warrants treatment.
Part of this prejudice comes from Sigmund Freud, the
founder of psychoanalysis, who argued that therapy
stopped working after 40 or 50 years, says Rossana De
Beni, professor and senior researcher in experimental
psychology at the University of Padua, Italy. In On
Psychotherapy (1905), a brief technical paper on the practice of psychoanalysis, Freud noted that above a
certain age "the elasticity of the mental processes, on
which the treatment depends, is as a rule lacking".
But that is "absolutely not true", says De Beni. In fact,
"studies show the opposite".
Clinicians need to see the older person for who they truly
are, De Beni points out, not simply as "an old person",
but as a multi-faceted individual. Unfortunately, our ageist
prejudices are often "deeply entrenched", she says.
Some of the ageism may be internalised by the potential
patients themselves. Beliefs such as the idea that mental
health problems are simply a normal part of ageing are
among the most frequently cited obstacles to accessing
care. This is especially problematic, since ageism can
itself predispose someone to greater anxiety and
depression.
The simple truth is that positive transformation is possible
across the lifespan. "Ageing, right to the very end, is a
stage of life marked by change," De Beni says. "People
become more fully themselves in a process of continuous
transformation, learning and flexibility that never truly
ends."
Maurizio certainly identifies with this sentiment. "There
are three moments when therapy helped me: in dealing
with my marital separation, in working through certain
conflicts with my children, and in navigating the transition
from active work to a pre-retirement phase, where I had
to find new ways to socialise," Maurizio says. "I never
thought it could be too late for anything."
He hopes that he has set an example for others to follow.
"I think it may have planted a small seed: not today, not
tomorrow, but perhaps the day after, they will bring it out
and water it," he says.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20260609-mental-health-and-ageingwhy-you-are-never-too-old-for-therapy
The expression "older adults" occurs repeatedly in the article. In a non-rhotic variety of British English, the /r/
represented in older may be absent before a pause or
consonant but pronounced when the following word
begins with a vowel, as in older adults.
This connected-speech phenomenon is known as:
This connected-speech phenomenon is known as:
Ano: 2026
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2026 - Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira – Inglês - Edital nº 13 |
Q4399066
Inglês
Texto associado
'I felt lighter, more open': Why you are never too old
for therapy
We assume therapy belongs to youth, yet older people
may be particularly likely to benefit from psychological
support.
Maurizio is 70. He recently began therapy in the hope of
better understanding a physical pain he had carried since
childhood. He has suffered migraines since the age of
seven and wanted to explore what might lie behind them.
Over the years he had consulted different doctors and
sought multiple opinions – therapy was another attempt
to trace the origins of the problem. But he continued even
after realising he might never find a single cause. "The
process itself became something meaningful, a space for
introspection that helped me understand my life more
clearly," Mauizio says. (We have omitted the surnames of
the therapy clients quoted within this piece to preserve
their privacy.)
Antonio, 73, and his wife Gigliola, 68, turned to therapy
hoping to save their relationship after years marked by
disappointments and unspoken tensions. "After some
time, I realised I felt lighter, more open," Antonio says.
"Looking within ourselves and bringing out what we could
never say before perhaps helped us," Gigliola adds.
Their stories challenge a common assumption: that
therapy is only for the young. And a growing body of
evidence suggests that many older people could benefit
from the same kind of help.
Therapy in later life
The potential for therapy to treat mental illness and
enhance our overall wellbeing is now well-established,
yet it is relatively rare for older people to access these
services.
According to the World Health Organization, around 14%
of people over 70 live with a mental health disorder, most
commonly anxiety and depression, and 17% of all
suicides occur in people of in this age range. A study
published in 2024, however, found that only around 4%
of US adults aged 65 and over received psychological
therapy, compared with 12% of those aged 18-24 and
8% among those aged 35-64.
This is despite there being no evidence that therapy is
any less effective or useful as we get older, according to
Pim Cuijpers, professor of clinical psychology at the Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands. "Therapies
work across the whole adult age," he says.
Cuijpers recently published a review on psychotherapy
for depression across different age groups. "What
surprised me is that there is quite a lot of research in
older people who are above 75 and we didn't find any
indication that psychotherapies differ in that age group either," he says.
Older people may find that therapy helps to target some
of the specific concerns that come with ageing, including
social isolation and chronic illness, with widespread
benefits. Many report improvements in overall wellbeing,
renewed motivation and increased social participation. In
this way therapy can function as a bridge: helping older
adults reconnect with themselves and the wider world.
The strongest responses, according to a 2025 review,
may be found in group-based interventions, which makes
sense, since they offer a structured means of relating
with others.
And despite lower levels of initial access, completion
rates among older participants can reach up to 54%,
often surpassing those of younger adults. This
demonstrates that older patients are frequently highly
committed to therapy and capable of sustaining the work
required for meaningful change.
"We don't know the reasons but we could imagine that
when older adults are willing to seek help, they are also
more motivated to do that," says Cuijpers.
Barriers to care
Financial difficulties help explain part of the gap in older
people beginning therapy in the first place: their health
insurance may not cover therapy, and they may not be
able to afford to pay for it independently.
A world of therapy options
Therapy comes in many different forms and can be
tailored to different needs. A few that may be worth
considering trying are:
• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) focuses on
identifying and changing unhelpful thought patterns.
• Psychodynamic therapy has an emphasis on how past
experiences shape present emotions and behaviours.
• Family therapy is for those who want to work beyond an
individual focus (such as in Antonio and Gigliola's case)
and looks at relationships and dynamics within the family
as a whole.
• Group therapy creates opportunities to share
experiences with people facing similar medical diagnoses
and to feel more understood and less alone.
But another barrier can arise within the healthcare
system itself. The journey into therapy often depends on
a referral from a primary care physician, yet some
research suggests that older adults are referred to
psychological treatments less frequently, even when they
present with symptoms of anxiety or depression. Their
distress may be seen as a natural response to ageing or
physical decline, rather than as a mental health condition
that warrants treatment.
Part of this prejudice comes from Sigmund Freud, the
founder of psychoanalysis, who argued that therapy
stopped working after 40 or 50 years, says Rossana De
Beni, professor and senior researcher in experimental
psychology at the University of Padua, Italy. In On
Psychotherapy (1905), a brief technical paper on the practice of psychoanalysis, Freud noted that above a
certain age "the elasticity of the mental processes, on
which the treatment depends, is as a rule lacking".
But that is "absolutely not true", says De Beni. In fact,
"studies show the opposite".
Clinicians need to see the older person for who they truly
are, De Beni points out, not simply as "an old person",
but as a multi-faceted individual. Unfortunately, our ageist
prejudices are often "deeply entrenched", she says.
Some of the ageism may be internalised by the potential
patients themselves. Beliefs such as the idea that mental
health problems are simply a normal part of ageing are
among the most frequently cited obstacles to accessing
care. This is especially problematic, since ageism can
itself predispose someone to greater anxiety and
depression.
The simple truth is that positive transformation is possible
across the lifespan. "Ageing, right to the very end, is a
stage of life marked by change," De Beni says. "People
become more fully themselves in a process of continuous
transformation, learning and flexibility that never truly
ends."
Maurizio certainly identifies with this sentiment. "There
are three moments when therapy helped me: in dealing
with my marital separation, in working through certain
conflicts with my children, and in navigating the transition
from active work to a pre-retirement phase, where I had
to find new ways to socialise," Maurizio says. "I never
thought it could be too late for anything."
He hopes that he has set an example for others to follow.
"I think it may have planted a small seed: not today, not
tomorrow, but perhaps the day after, they will bring it out
and water it," he says.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20260609-mental-health-and-ageingwhy-you-are-never-too-old-for-therapy
The text combines personal accounts, statistical
evidence, expert opinion, and historical references in
order to challenge simplified assumptions about therapy
in later life. Careful reading is required because several
statements in the article are qualified and should not be
converted into broader claims than the evidence
supports.
Judge the statements below as True (T) or False (F):
(__)Maurizio continued therapy even after accepting that he might never identify a single cause for his longstanding migraines.
(__)The statement that 17% of all suicides occur among people over 70 means that 17% of people in this age group die by suicide.
(__)The article suggests that the social interaction provided by group interventions may help explain their particularly strong responses.
(__)Freud's view that therapy becomes ineffective after a certain age is presented as consistent with current research evidence.
The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is:
Judge the statements below as True (T) or False (F):
(__)Maurizio continued therapy even after accepting that he might never identify a single cause for his longstanding migraines.
(__)The statement that 17% of all suicides occur among people over 70 means that 17% of people in this age group die by suicide.
(__)The article suggests that the social interaction provided by group interventions may help explain their particularly strong responses.
(__)Freud's view that therapy becomes ineffective after a certain age is presented as consistent with current research evidence.
The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is:
Ano: 2026
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2026 - Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira – Inglês - Edital nº 13 |
Q4399065
Inglês
Texto associado
'I felt lighter, more open': Why you are never too old
for therapy
We assume therapy belongs to youth, yet older people
may be particularly likely to benefit from psychological
support.
Maurizio is 70. He recently began therapy in the hope of
better understanding a physical pain he had carried since
childhood. He has suffered migraines since the age of
seven and wanted to explore what might lie behind them.
Over the years he had consulted different doctors and
sought multiple opinions – therapy was another attempt
to trace the origins of the problem. But he continued even
after realising he might never find a single cause. "The
process itself became something meaningful, a space for
introspection that helped me understand my life more
clearly," Mauizio says. (We have omitted the surnames of
the therapy clients quoted within this piece to preserve
their privacy.)
Antonio, 73, and his wife Gigliola, 68, turned to therapy
hoping to save their relationship after years marked by
disappointments and unspoken tensions. "After some
time, I realised I felt lighter, more open," Antonio says.
"Looking within ourselves and bringing out what we could
never say before perhaps helped us," Gigliola adds.
Their stories challenge a common assumption: that
therapy is only for the young. And a growing body of
evidence suggests that many older people could benefit
from the same kind of help.
Therapy in later life
The potential for therapy to treat mental illness and
enhance our overall wellbeing is now well-established,
yet it is relatively rare for older people to access these
services.
According to the World Health Organization, around 14%
of people over 70 live with a mental health disorder, most
commonly anxiety and depression, and 17% of all
suicides occur in people of in this age range. A study
published in 2024, however, found that only around 4%
of US adults aged 65 and over received psychological
therapy, compared with 12% of those aged 18-24 and
8% among those aged 35-64.
This is despite there being no evidence that therapy is
any less effective or useful as we get older, according to
Pim Cuijpers, professor of clinical psychology at the Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands. "Therapies
work across the whole adult age," he says.
Cuijpers recently published a review on psychotherapy
for depression across different age groups. "What
surprised me is that there is quite a lot of research in
older people who are above 75 and we didn't find any
indication that psychotherapies differ in that age group either," he says.
Older people may find that therapy helps to target some
of the specific concerns that come with ageing, including
social isolation and chronic illness, with widespread
benefits. Many report improvements in overall wellbeing,
renewed motivation and increased social participation. In
this way therapy can function as a bridge: helping older
adults reconnect with themselves and the wider world.
The strongest responses, according to a 2025 review,
may be found in group-based interventions, which makes
sense, since they offer a structured means of relating
with others.
And despite lower levels of initial access, completion
rates among older participants can reach up to 54%,
often surpassing those of younger adults. This
demonstrates that older patients are frequently highly
committed to therapy and capable of sustaining the work
required for meaningful change.
"We don't know the reasons but we could imagine that
when older adults are willing to seek help, they are also
more motivated to do that," says Cuijpers.
Barriers to care
Financial difficulties help explain part of the gap in older
people beginning therapy in the first place: their health
insurance may not cover therapy, and they may not be
able to afford to pay for it independently.
A world of therapy options
Therapy comes in many different forms and can be
tailored to different needs. A few that may be worth
considering trying are:
• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) focuses on
identifying and changing unhelpful thought patterns.
• Psychodynamic therapy has an emphasis on how past
experiences shape present emotions and behaviours.
• Family therapy is for those who want to work beyond an
individual focus (such as in Antonio and Gigliola's case)
and looks at relationships and dynamics within the family
as a whole.
• Group therapy creates opportunities to share
experiences with people facing similar medical diagnoses
and to feel more understood and less alone.
But another barrier can arise within the healthcare
system itself. The journey into therapy often depends on
a referral from a primary care physician, yet some
research suggests that older adults are referred to
psychological treatments less frequently, even when they
present with symptoms of anxiety or depression. Their
distress may be seen as a natural response to ageing or
physical decline, rather than as a mental health condition
that warrants treatment.
Part of this prejudice comes from Sigmund Freud, the
founder of psychoanalysis, who argued that therapy
stopped working after 40 or 50 years, says Rossana De
Beni, professor and senior researcher in experimental
psychology at the University of Padua, Italy. In On
Psychotherapy (1905), a brief technical paper on the practice of psychoanalysis, Freud noted that above a
certain age "the elasticity of the mental processes, on
which the treatment depends, is as a rule lacking".
But that is "absolutely not true", says De Beni. In fact,
"studies show the opposite".
Clinicians need to see the older person for who they truly
are, De Beni points out, not simply as "an old person",
but as a multi-faceted individual. Unfortunately, our ageist
prejudices are often "deeply entrenched", she says.
Some of the ageism may be internalised by the potential
patients themselves. Beliefs such as the idea that mental
health problems are simply a normal part of ageing are
among the most frequently cited obstacles to accessing
care. This is especially problematic, since ageism can
itself predispose someone to greater anxiety and
depression.
The simple truth is that positive transformation is possible
across the lifespan. "Ageing, right to the very end, is a
stage of life marked by change," De Beni says. "People
become more fully themselves in a process of continuous
transformation, learning and flexibility that never truly
ends."
Maurizio certainly identifies with this sentiment. "There
are three moments when therapy helped me: in dealing
with my marital separation, in working through certain
conflicts with my children, and in navigating the transition
from active work to a pre-retirement phase, where I had
to find new ways to socialise," Maurizio says. "I never
thought it could be too late for anything."
He hopes that he has set an example for others to follow.
"I think it may have planted a small seed: not today, not
tomorrow, but perhaps the day after, they will bring it out
and water it," he says.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20260609-mental-health-and-ageingwhy-you-are-never-too-old-for-therapy
The article reports that psychological therapy is accessed
less frequently by adults aged 65 and over than by the
younger groups cited. It also reports expert and review
evidence indicating no corresponding decline in
therapeutic effectiveness with age.
Which conclusion is supported by the relationship between these pieces of evidence?
Which conclusion is supported by the relationship between these pieces of evidence?
Ano: 2026
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2026 - Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira – Inglês - Edital nº 13 |
Q4399064
Linguística
Texto associado
'I felt lighter, more open': Why you are never too old
for therapy
We assume therapy belongs to youth, yet older people
may be particularly likely to benefit from psychological
support.
Maurizio is 70. He recently began therapy in the hope of
better understanding a physical pain he had carried since
childhood. He has suffered migraines since the age of
seven and wanted to explore what might lie behind them.
Over the years he had consulted different doctors and
sought multiple opinions – therapy was another attempt
to trace the origins of the problem. But he continued even
after realising he might never find a single cause. "The
process itself became something meaningful, a space for
introspection that helped me understand my life more
clearly," Mauizio says. (We have omitted the surnames of
the therapy clients quoted within this piece to preserve
their privacy.)
Antonio, 73, and his wife Gigliola, 68, turned to therapy
hoping to save their relationship after years marked by
disappointments and unspoken tensions. "After some
time, I realised I felt lighter, more open," Antonio says.
"Looking within ourselves and bringing out what we could
never say before perhaps helped us," Gigliola adds.
Their stories challenge a common assumption: that
therapy is only for the young. And a growing body of
evidence suggests that many older people could benefit
from the same kind of help.
Therapy in later life
The potential for therapy to treat mental illness and
enhance our overall wellbeing is now well-established,
yet it is relatively rare for older people to access these
services.
According to the World Health Organization, around 14%
of people over 70 live with a mental health disorder, most
commonly anxiety and depression, and 17% of all
suicides occur in people of in this age range. A study
published in 2024, however, found that only around 4%
of US adults aged 65 and over received psychological
therapy, compared with 12% of those aged 18-24 and
8% among those aged 35-64.
This is despite there being no evidence that therapy is
any less effective or useful as we get older, according to
Pim Cuijpers, professor of clinical psychology at the Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands. "Therapies
work across the whole adult age," he says.
Cuijpers recently published a review on psychotherapy
for depression across different age groups. "What
surprised me is that there is quite a lot of research in
older people who are above 75 and we didn't find any
indication that psychotherapies differ in that age group either," he says.
Older people may find that therapy helps to target some
of the specific concerns that come with ageing, including
social isolation and chronic illness, with widespread
benefits. Many report improvements in overall wellbeing,
renewed motivation and increased social participation. In
this way therapy can function as a bridge: helping older
adults reconnect with themselves and the wider world.
The strongest responses, according to a 2025 review,
may be found in group-based interventions, which makes
sense, since they offer a structured means of relating
with others.
And despite lower levels of initial access, completion
rates among older participants can reach up to 54%,
often surpassing those of younger adults. This
demonstrates that older patients are frequently highly
committed to therapy and capable of sustaining the work
required for meaningful change.
"We don't know the reasons but we could imagine that
when older adults are willing to seek help, they are also
more motivated to do that," says Cuijpers.
Barriers to care
Financial difficulties help explain part of the gap in older
people beginning therapy in the first place: their health
insurance may not cover therapy, and they may not be
able to afford to pay for it independently.
A world of therapy options
Therapy comes in many different forms and can be
tailored to different needs. A few that may be worth
considering trying are:
• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) focuses on
identifying and changing unhelpful thought patterns.
• Psychodynamic therapy has an emphasis on how past
experiences shape present emotions and behaviours.
• Family therapy is for those who want to work beyond an
individual focus (such as in Antonio and Gigliola's case)
and looks at relationships and dynamics within the family
as a whole.
• Group therapy creates opportunities to share
experiences with people facing similar medical diagnoses
and to feel more understood and less alone.
But another barrier can arise within the healthcare
system itself. The journey into therapy often depends on
a referral from a primary care physician, yet some
research suggests that older adults are referred to
psychological treatments less frequently, even when they
present with symptoms of anxiety or depression. Their
distress may be seen as a natural response to ageing or
physical decline, rather than as a mental health condition
that warrants treatment.
Part of this prejudice comes from Sigmund Freud, the
founder of psychoanalysis, who argued that therapy
stopped working after 40 or 50 years, says Rossana De
Beni, professor and senior researcher in experimental
psychology at the University of Padua, Italy. In On
Psychotherapy (1905), a brief technical paper on the practice of psychoanalysis, Freud noted that above a
certain age "the elasticity of the mental processes, on
which the treatment depends, is as a rule lacking".
But that is "absolutely not true", says De Beni. In fact,
"studies show the opposite".
Clinicians need to see the older person for who they truly
are, De Beni points out, not simply as "an old person",
but as a multi-faceted individual. Unfortunately, our ageist
prejudices are often "deeply entrenched", she says.
Some of the ageism may be internalised by the potential
patients themselves. Beliefs such as the idea that mental
health problems are simply a normal part of ageing are
among the most frequently cited obstacles to accessing
care. This is especially problematic, since ageism can
itself predispose someone to greater anxiety and
depression.
The simple truth is that positive transformation is possible
across the lifespan. "Ageing, right to the very end, is a
stage of life marked by change," De Beni says. "People
become more fully themselves in a process of continuous
transformation, learning and flexibility that never truly
ends."
Maurizio certainly identifies with this sentiment. "There
are three moments when therapy helped me: in dealing
with my marital separation, in working through certain
conflicts with my children, and in navigating the transition
from active work to a pre-retirement phase, where I had
to find new ways to socialise," Maurizio says. "I never
thought it could be too late for anything."
He hopes that he has set an example for others to follow.
"I think it may have planted a small seed: not today, not
tomorrow, but perhaps the day after, they will bring it out
and water it," he says.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20260609-mental-health-and-ageingwhy-you-are-never-too-old-for-therapy
Several discourse markers in the article organize
relations among claims rather than merely connecting
sentences grammatically. Their interpretation requires
attention to whether the writer is signaling concession,
contrast, reinforcement, or a consequence drawn from
previous information.
Match the markers in Column 1 with their discourse functions in Column 2.
Column 1
1.Despite. 2.However. 3.In fact. 4.In this way.
Column 2
(__)Introduces an interpretive consequence derived from the preceding discussion.
(__)Reinforces or corrects a previous claim by presenting stronger supporting information.
(__)Introduces a circumstance that might be expected to prevent the proposition that follows.
(__)Marks a contrastive transition between propositions or stages of an argument.
Select the alternative containing the correct sequence, from top to bottom:
Match the markers in Column 1 with their discourse functions in Column 2.
Column 1
1.Despite. 2.However. 3.In fact. 4.In this way.
Column 2
(__)Introduces an interpretive consequence derived from the preceding discussion.
(__)Reinforces or corrects a previous claim by presenting stronger supporting information.
(__)Introduces a circumstance that might be expected to prevent the proposition that follows.
(__)Marks a contrastive transition between propositions or stages of an argument.
Select the alternative containing the correct sequence, from top to bottom:
Ano: 2026
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2026 - Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira – Inglês - Edital nº 13 |
Q4399063
Inglês
Texto associado
'I felt lighter, more open': Why you are never too old
for therapy
We assume therapy belongs to youth, yet older people
may be particularly likely to benefit from psychological
support.
Maurizio is 70. He recently began therapy in the hope of
better understanding a physical pain he had carried since
childhood. He has suffered migraines since the age of
seven and wanted to explore what might lie behind them.
Over the years he had consulted different doctors and
sought multiple opinions – therapy was another attempt
to trace the origins of the problem. But he continued even
after realising he might never find a single cause. "The
process itself became something meaningful, a space for
introspection that helped me understand my life more
clearly," Mauizio says. (We have omitted the surnames of
the therapy clients quoted within this piece to preserve
their privacy.)
Antonio, 73, and his wife Gigliola, 68, turned to therapy
hoping to save their relationship after years marked by
disappointments and unspoken tensions. "After some
time, I realised I felt lighter, more open," Antonio says.
"Looking within ourselves and bringing out what we could
never say before perhaps helped us," Gigliola adds.
Their stories challenge a common assumption: that
therapy is only for the young. And a growing body of
evidence suggests that many older people could benefit
from the same kind of help.
Therapy in later life
The potential for therapy to treat mental illness and
enhance our overall wellbeing is now well-established,
yet it is relatively rare for older people to access these
services.
According to the World Health Organization, around 14%
of people over 70 live with a mental health disorder, most
commonly anxiety and depression, and 17% of all
suicides occur in people of in this age range. A study
published in 2024, however, found that only around 4%
of US adults aged 65 and over received psychological
therapy, compared with 12% of those aged 18-24 and
8% among those aged 35-64.
This is despite there being no evidence that therapy is
any less effective or useful as we get older, according to
Pim Cuijpers, professor of clinical psychology at the Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands. "Therapies
work across the whole adult age," he says.
Cuijpers recently published a review on psychotherapy
for depression across different age groups. "What
surprised me is that there is quite a lot of research in
older people who are above 75 and we didn't find any
indication that psychotherapies differ in that age group either," he says.
Older people may find that therapy helps to target some
of the specific concerns that come with ageing, including
social isolation and chronic illness, with widespread
benefits. Many report improvements in overall wellbeing,
renewed motivation and increased social participation. In
this way therapy can function as a bridge: helping older
adults reconnect with themselves and the wider world.
The strongest responses, according to a 2025 review,
may be found in group-based interventions, which makes
sense, since they offer a structured means of relating
with others.
And despite lower levels of initial access, completion
rates among older participants can reach up to 54%,
often surpassing those of younger adults. This
demonstrates that older patients are frequently highly
committed to therapy and capable of sustaining the work
required for meaningful change.
"We don't know the reasons but we could imagine that
when older adults are willing to seek help, they are also
more motivated to do that," says Cuijpers.
Barriers to care
Financial difficulties help explain part of the gap in older
people beginning therapy in the first place: their health
insurance may not cover therapy, and they may not be
able to afford to pay for it independently.
A world of therapy options
Therapy comes in many different forms and can be
tailored to different needs. A few that may be worth
considering trying are:
• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) focuses on
identifying and changing unhelpful thought patterns.
• Psychodynamic therapy has an emphasis on how past
experiences shape present emotions and behaviours.
• Family therapy is for those who want to work beyond an
individual focus (such as in Antonio and Gigliola's case)
and looks at relationships and dynamics within the family
as a whole.
• Group therapy creates opportunities to share
experiences with people facing similar medical diagnoses
and to feel more understood and less alone.
But another barrier can arise within the healthcare
system itself. The journey into therapy often depends on
a referral from a primary care physician, yet some
research suggests that older adults are referred to
psychological treatments less frequently, even when they
present with symptoms of anxiety or depression. Their
distress may be seen as a natural response to ageing or
physical decline, rather than as a mental health condition
that warrants treatment.
Part of this prejudice comes from Sigmund Freud, the
founder of psychoanalysis, who argued that therapy
stopped working after 40 or 50 years, says Rossana De
Beni, professor and senior researcher in experimental
psychology at the University of Padua, Italy. In On
Psychotherapy (1905), a brief technical paper on the practice of psychoanalysis, Freud noted that above a
certain age "the elasticity of the mental processes, on
which the treatment depends, is as a rule lacking".
But that is "absolutely not true", says De Beni. In fact,
"studies show the opposite".
Clinicians need to see the older person for who they truly
are, De Beni points out, not simply as "an old person",
but as a multi-faceted individual. Unfortunately, our ageist
prejudices are often "deeply entrenched", she says.
Some of the ageism may be internalised by the potential
patients themselves. Beliefs such as the idea that mental
health problems are simply a normal part of ageing are
among the most frequently cited obstacles to accessing
care. This is especially problematic, since ageism can
itself predispose someone to greater anxiety and
depression.
The simple truth is that positive transformation is possible
across the lifespan. "Ageing, right to the very end, is a
stage of life marked by change," De Beni says. "People
become more fully themselves in a process of continuous
transformation, learning and flexibility that never truly
ends."
Maurizio certainly identifies with this sentiment. "There
are three moments when therapy helped me: in dealing
with my marital separation, in working through certain
conflicts with my children, and in navigating the transition
from active work to a pre-retirement phase, where I had
to find new ways to socialise," Maurizio says. "I never
thought it could be too late for anything."
He hopes that he has set an example for others to follow.
"I think it may have planted a small seed: not today, not
tomorrow, but perhaps the day after, they will bring it out
and water it," he says.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20260609-mental-health-and-ageingwhy-you-are-never-too-old-for-therapy
After describing improvements in wellbeing, motivation,
and social participation, the article states that therapy can
"function as a bridge" for older adults. The expression
occurs after the discussion of social isolation and before
the reference to group-based interventions.
In this context, the metaphor primarily suggests that therapy can:
In this context, the metaphor primarily suggests that therapy can:
Ano: 2026
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2026 - Prefeitura de São João do Oeste - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira – Inglês - Edital nº 13 |
Q4399062
Pedagogia
Texto associado
'I felt lighter, more open': Why you are never too old
for therapy
We assume therapy belongs to youth, yet older people
may be particularly likely to benefit from psychological
support.
Maurizio is 70. He recently began therapy in the hope of
better understanding a physical pain he had carried since
childhood. He has suffered migraines since the age of
seven and wanted to explore what might lie behind them.
Over the years he had consulted different doctors and
sought multiple opinions – therapy was another attempt
to trace the origins of the problem. But he continued even
after realising he might never find a single cause. "The
process itself became something meaningful, a space for
introspection that helped me understand my life more
clearly," Mauizio says. (We have omitted the surnames of
the therapy clients quoted within this piece to preserve
their privacy.)
Antonio, 73, and his wife Gigliola, 68, turned to therapy
hoping to save their relationship after years marked by
disappointments and unspoken tensions. "After some
time, I realised I felt lighter, more open," Antonio says.
"Looking within ourselves and bringing out what we could
never say before perhaps helped us," Gigliola adds.
Their stories challenge a common assumption: that
therapy is only for the young. And a growing body of
evidence suggests that many older people could benefit
from the same kind of help.
Therapy in later life
The potential for therapy to treat mental illness and
enhance our overall wellbeing is now well-established,
yet it is relatively rare for older people to access these
services.
According to the World Health Organization, around 14%
of people over 70 live with a mental health disorder, most
commonly anxiety and depression, and 17% of all
suicides occur in people of in this age range. A study
published in 2024, however, found that only around 4%
of US adults aged 65 and over received psychological
therapy, compared with 12% of those aged 18-24 and
8% among those aged 35-64.
This is despite there being no evidence that therapy is
any less effective or useful as we get older, according to
Pim Cuijpers, professor of clinical psychology at the Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands. "Therapies
work across the whole adult age," he says.
Cuijpers recently published a review on psychotherapy
for depression across different age groups. "What
surprised me is that there is quite a lot of research in
older people who are above 75 and we didn't find any
indication that psychotherapies differ in that age group either," he says.
Older people may find that therapy helps to target some
of the specific concerns that come with ageing, including
social isolation and chronic illness, with widespread
benefits. Many report improvements in overall wellbeing,
renewed motivation and increased social participation. In
this way therapy can function as a bridge: helping older
adults reconnect with themselves and the wider world.
The strongest responses, according to a 2025 review,
may be found in group-based interventions, which makes
sense, since they offer a structured means of relating
with others.
And despite lower levels of initial access, completion
rates among older participants can reach up to 54%,
often surpassing those of younger adults. This
demonstrates that older patients are frequently highly
committed to therapy and capable of sustaining the work
required for meaningful change.
"We don't know the reasons but we could imagine that
when older adults are willing to seek help, they are also
more motivated to do that," says Cuijpers.
Barriers to care
Financial difficulties help explain part of the gap in older
people beginning therapy in the first place: their health
insurance may not cover therapy, and they may not be
able to afford to pay for it independently.
A world of therapy options
Therapy comes in many different forms and can be
tailored to different needs. A few that may be worth
considering trying are:
• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) focuses on
identifying and changing unhelpful thought patterns.
• Psychodynamic therapy has an emphasis on how past
experiences shape present emotions and behaviours.
• Family therapy is for those who want to work beyond an
individual focus (such as in Antonio and Gigliola's case)
and looks at relationships and dynamics within the family
as a whole.
• Group therapy creates opportunities to share
experiences with people facing similar medical diagnoses
and to feel more understood and less alone.
But another barrier can arise within the healthcare
system itself. The journey into therapy often depends on
a referral from a primary care physician, yet some
research suggests that older adults are referred to
psychological treatments less frequently, even when they
present with symptoms of anxiety or depression. Their
distress may be seen as a natural response to ageing or
physical decline, rather than as a mental health condition
that warrants treatment.
Part of this prejudice comes from Sigmund Freud, the
founder of psychoanalysis, who argued that therapy
stopped working after 40 or 50 years, says Rossana De
Beni, professor and senior researcher in experimental
psychology at the University of Padua, Italy. In On
Psychotherapy (1905), a brief technical paper on the practice of psychoanalysis, Freud noted that above a
certain age "the elasticity of the mental processes, on
which the treatment depends, is as a rule lacking".
But that is "absolutely not true", says De Beni. In fact,
"studies show the opposite".
Clinicians need to see the older person for who they truly
are, De Beni points out, not simply as "an old person",
but as a multi-faceted individual. Unfortunately, our ageist
prejudices are often "deeply entrenched", she says.
Some of the ageism may be internalised by the potential
patients themselves. Beliefs such as the idea that mental
health problems are simply a normal part of ageing are
among the most frequently cited obstacles to accessing
care. This is especially problematic, since ageism can
itself predispose someone to greater anxiety and
depression.
The simple truth is that positive transformation is possible
across the lifespan. "Ageing, right to the very end, is a
stage of life marked by change," De Beni says. "People
become more fully themselves in a process of continuous
transformation, learning and flexibility that never truly
ends."
Maurizio certainly identifies with this sentiment. "There
are three moments when therapy helped me: in dealing
with my marital separation, in working through certain
conflicts with my children, and in navigating the transition
from active work to a pre-retirement phase, where I had
to find new ways to socialise," Maurizio says. "I never
thought it could be too late for anything."
He hopes that he has set an example for others to follow.
"I think it may have planted a small seed: not today, not
tomorrow, but perhaps the day after, they will bring it out
and water it," he says.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20260609-mental-health-and-ageingwhy-you-are-never-too-old-for-therapy
Read the teaching situation below:
An English teacher uses the article with an advanced class. Students compare the headline with the statistical evidence, distinguish expert claims from personal testimony, examine expressions such as "natural response to ageing" and "deeply entrenched," and then redesign the article as a short social-media carousel for a younger audience while documenting what information had to be selected, reframed, or omitted.
Which interpretation characterizes this teaching sequence?
An English teacher uses the article with an advanced class. Students compare the headline with the statistical evidence, distinguish expert claims from personal testimony, examine expressions such as "natural response to ageing" and "deeply entrenched," and then redesign the article as a short social-media carousel for a younger audience while documenting what information had to be selected, reframed, or omitted.
Which interpretation characterizes this teaching sequence?
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