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Q3412142 Inglês
Read the following text:


TEXT I


The teaching of English as a foreign language in the context of Brazilian regular schools: a retrospective and prospective view of policies and practices


Read the following text:


The movement towards a more meaningful approach to the teaching of English as a foreign language in Brazilian regular schools reached its climax in the 20th century with the publication of the Brazilian National Curricular Parameters (PCN) for the teaching of foreign languages at basic education level. Since then, the community of teachers has been divided into those who welcomed the contents, views and propositions of the document, and the ones who believed that the suggestions it contained were inappropriate. At the center of this controversy was the importance given by the official policies to the teaching of reading, as opposed to an approach, borrowed from private language institutes, which historically favored a focus on the oral skills.


A brief overview of the recent history of ELT in Brazilian regular schools


During the 1970s, the so-called audiolingual method, based on behaviorist and structuralist assumptions, was still considered the only scientific way of teaching a foreign language. Its emphasis on the oral skills and on the exhaustive repetition of structural exercises seemed to work well in the contexts of private language institutes. Those contexts were characterized by the gathering of small numbers of highly motivated students per class, a weekly time-table superior in the number of hours to the one adopted in regular schools, and plenty of audiovisual resources. Questionable in itself, both because of its results (which in time were revealed to be less efficient than believed, especially in terms of fluency) and its theoretical assumptions, the method ended up being adopted by regular schools due to its positive reputation at the time. The failure of the methodology in this context would soon become evident, generating extreme frustration both amongst teachers and students. 


From the 1980s on, with the spread of ideas connected to the so-called communicative approach and the growth of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), the community of researchers and teachers interested in the context of regular schools started reviewing the assumptions and logic of English Language Teaching (ELT). Recognizing that each and every school discipline needs to justify its presence in the curriculum socially and educationally, this movement identified the skill of reading as the most relevant one for the students attending the majority of Brazilian regular schools. This understanding was achieved by considering not only the possibility of real use outside school, but also the role this approach could play in the achievement of other educational goals, such as the improvement of student's reading abilities in Portuguese as a mother tongue. This movement reached its climax with the publication of the Brazilian National Curricular Parameters (PCN) for the teaching of foreign languages at basic education level by the end of the 1990s. The document recommended the focus on the teaching of reading within a view of language as discourse. However, it did not close the door on the teaching of any other skill, as long as the context made it possible and relevant.


This understanding was achieved by considering not only the possibility of real use outside school, but also the role this approach could play in the achievement of other educational goals, such as the improvement of student's reading abilities in Portuguese as a mother tongue. This movement reached its climax with the publication of the Brazilian National Curricular Parameters (PCN) for the teaching of foreign languages at basic education level by the end of the 1990s. The document recommended the focus on the teaching of reading within a view of language as discourse. However, it did not close the door on the teaching of any other skill, as long as the context made it possible and relevant.


Another important characteristic of the Parameters that should not be overlooked is their emphasis on teacher's autonomy. This emphasis can be seen clearly in the fact that no content or method is imposed upon the teachers. What one can find are suggestions and relevant information for teachers to make their own decisions, taking into consideration the context within which they work. In other words, the Parameters do not force any teacher to limit their focus on the teaching of reading, if they believe they can go further than that.


To be or not to be: professional identities and beliefs


When asked why they were against the focus on reading, most teachers who take this position, told me that they considered the teaching of reading to be "not enough". Most of them also added that if the teaching of reading was designed to fit a context where one cannot effectively teach the oral skills, then we should not adapt ourselves to that context, but rather demand the improvements that would make more feasible the teaching of the so-called four skills.


Let us consider these statements more closely. The first one is about quantity, that is, by teaching "only" the reading skill, the teacher would be denying her/his students the opportunity for learning all the other skills. They would be denied the opportunity for learning to speak English, which is, after all, assumed to be the real goal of teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL).


Reasonable and democratic as it may seem, such an argument fails to take into consideration at least one extremely relevant issue: the fact that in Brazil there are virtually no reports of successful teaching of the four skills in contexts other than the private language institutes. Before the mid-1980s, several different attempts were made to make ELT work out at regular schools, but only those which completely changed the characteristics of the classes (making them look almost exactly like the small, homogeneous classes of the private institutes) were able to achieve some (questionable) level of success. In other words, the integrative approach to ELT, with its claim of teaching the four skills, focusing especially on the oral skills, has never been successful in our regular schools, including most of the private ones, with very few exceptions. If that is indeed the case, then it makes very little sense to speak of giving our students more or less of something that they never really had. And even if we are to speak in such terms, then it is extremely clear (at least for those who tried it) that the communicative teaching of one skill is definitely better (and more) than the pantomime of allegedly teaching the four skills, which was never successful in the context of Brazilian schools.


Where do we go from here?


Any attempt to establish new policies for the teaching of EFL at Brazilian regular schools should start with the recognition that the PCN were a very important step towards meaningful foreign language education in this context. Without such recognition, there will always be the suspicion that the old beliefs connected to the professional identity of the teacher as an instructor are coming back.


Surely, we do not want to teach only reading forever. But sound attempts to go forward in enhancing the relevance of our teaching should start with the discussion of the three groups of reasons that justified the propositions of the PCN. The focus on reading was considered the most adequate for the majority of our schools because of practical considerations about our working conditions, social relevance, and educational relevance.


As far as practical conditions and educational relevance are concerned, virtually no major change has occurred in order to justify reframing our teaching. However, in what concerns social relevance, it is undeniable that the growth of the Internet has provided a new context for the use of the English language outside schools. For that reason, it is my belief that skills other than reading may now be taught in our classes without representing a return to a rationale that is alien to our schools. The teaching of writing in the context of Internet genres and practices is definitely necessary, if we want our students to have their own voice, becoming able to project their own local identities in global contexts.

Adapted from: ALMEIDA, Ricardo Luiz Teixeira de. Scielo Brazil – Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada - https://www.scielo.br/j/rbla/a/ nNz3Jtj85xmms8MnNfwRpMn/?lang=en. Accessed: 05/02/2024.
According to the text, as opposed to the PCN, the private language institutes focus on: 
Alternativas
Q3412141 Inglês
Read the following text:


TEXT I


The teaching of English as a foreign language in the context of Brazilian regular schools: a retrospective and prospective view of policies and practices


Read the following text:


The movement towards a more meaningful approach to the teaching of English as a foreign language in Brazilian regular schools reached its climax in the 20th century with the publication of the Brazilian National Curricular Parameters (PCN) for the teaching of foreign languages at basic education level. Since then, the community of teachers has been divided into those who welcomed the contents, views and propositions of the document, and the ones who believed that the suggestions it contained were inappropriate. At the center of this controversy was the importance given by the official policies to the teaching of reading, as opposed to an approach, borrowed from private language institutes, which historically favored a focus on the oral skills.


A brief overview of the recent history of ELT in Brazilian regular schools


During the 1970s, the so-called audiolingual method, based on behaviorist and structuralist assumptions, was still considered the only scientific way of teaching a foreign language. Its emphasis on the oral skills and on the exhaustive repetition of structural exercises seemed to work well in the contexts of private language institutes. Those contexts were characterized by the gathering of small numbers of highly motivated students per class, a weekly time-table superior in the number of hours to the one adopted in regular schools, and plenty of audiovisual resources. Questionable in itself, both because of its results (which in time were revealed to be less efficient than believed, especially in terms of fluency) and its theoretical assumptions, the method ended up being adopted by regular schools due to its positive reputation at the time. The failure of the methodology in this context would soon become evident, generating extreme frustration both amongst teachers and students. 


From the 1980s on, with the spread of ideas connected to the so-called communicative approach and the growth of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), the community of researchers and teachers interested in the context of regular schools started reviewing the assumptions and logic of English Language Teaching (ELT). Recognizing that each and every school discipline needs to justify its presence in the curriculum socially and educationally, this movement identified the skill of reading as the most relevant one for the students attending the majority of Brazilian regular schools. This understanding was achieved by considering not only the possibility of real use outside school, but also the role this approach could play in the achievement of other educational goals, such as the improvement of student's reading abilities in Portuguese as a mother tongue. This movement reached its climax with the publication of the Brazilian National Curricular Parameters (PCN) for the teaching of foreign languages at basic education level by the end of the 1990s. The document recommended the focus on the teaching of reading within a view of language as discourse. However, it did not close the door on the teaching of any other skill, as long as the context made it possible and relevant.


This understanding was achieved by considering not only the possibility of real use outside school, but also the role this approach could play in the achievement of other educational goals, such as the improvement of student's reading abilities in Portuguese as a mother tongue. This movement reached its climax with the publication of the Brazilian National Curricular Parameters (PCN) for the teaching of foreign languages at basic education level by the end of the 1990s. The document recommended the focus on the teaching of reading within a view of language as discourse. However, it did not close the door on the teaching of any other skill, as long as the context made it possible and relevant.


Another important characteristic of the Parameters that should not be overlooked is their emphasis on teacher's autonomy. This emphasis can be seen clearly in the fact that no content or method is imposed upon the teachers. What one can find are suggestions and relevant information for teachers to make their own decisions, taking into consideration the context within which they work. In other words, the Parameters do not force any teacher to limit their focus on the teaching of reading, if they believe they can go further than that.


To be or not to be: professional identities and beliefs


When asked why they were against the focus on reading, most teachers who take this position, told me that they considered the teaching of reading to be "not enough". Most of them also added that if the teaching of reading was designed to fit a context where one cannot effectively teach the oral skills, then we should not adapt ourselves to that context, but rather demand the improvements that would make more feasible the teaching of the so-called four skills.


Let us consider these statements more closely. The first one is about quantity, that is, by teaching "only" the reading skill, the teacher would be denying her/his students the opportunity for learning all the other skills. They would be denied the opportunity for learning to speak English, which is, after all, assumed to be the real goal of teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL).


Reasonable and democratic as it may seem, such an argument fails to take into consideration at least one extremely relevant issue: the fact that in Brazil there are virtually no reports of successful teaching of the four skills in contexts other than the private language institutes. Before the mid-1980s, several different attempts were made to make ELT work out at regular schools, but only those which completely changed the characteristics of the classes (making them look almost exactly like the small, homogeneous classes of the private institutes) were able to achieve some (questionable) level of success. In other words, the integrative approach to ELT, with its claim of teaching the four skills, focusing especially on the oral skills, has never been successful in our regular schools, including most of the private ones, with very few exceptions. If that is indeed the case, then it makes very little sense to speak of giving our students more or less of something that they never really had. And even if we are to speak in such terms, then it is extremely clear (at least for those who tried it) that the communicative teaching of one skill is definitely better (and more) than the pantomime of allegedly teaching the four skills, which was never successful in the context of Brazilian schools.


Where do we go from here?


Any attempt to establish new policies for the teaching of EFL at Brazilian regular schools should start with the recognition that the PCN were a very important step towards meaningful foreign language education in this context. Without such recognition, there will always be the suspicion that the old beliefs connected to the professional identity of the teacher as an instructor are coming back.


Surely, we do not want to teach only reading forever. But sound attempts to go forward in enhancing the relevance of our teaching should start with the discussion of the three groups of reasons that justified the propositions of the PCN. The focus on reading was considered the most adequate for the majority of our schools because of practical considerations about our working conditions, social relevance, and educational relevance.


As far as practical conditions and educational relevance are concerned, virtually no major change has occurred in order to justify reframing our teaching. However, in what concerns social relevance, it is undeniable that the growth of the Internet has provided a new context for the use of the English language outside schools. For that reason, it is my belief that skills other than reading may now be taught in our classes without representing a return to a rationale that is alien to our schools. The teaching of writing in the context of Internet genres and practices is definitely necessary, if we want our students to have their own voice, becoming able to project their own local identities in global contexts.

Adapted from: ALMEIDA, Ricardo Luiz Teixeira de. Scielo Brazil – Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada - https://www.scielo.br/j/rbla/a/ nNz3Jtj85xmms8MnNfwRpMn/?lang=en. Accessed: 05/02/2024.
After reading the text, it can be concluded that the skill which receives more focus in the Brazilian National Curricular Parameters is:
Alternativas
Q3411714 Inglês

Check the item that CORRECTLY fills in the gaps below:



_____________, play and novel by ___________ playwright ________________, was produced in 1904. The fictional character has become a cultural icon symbolizing youthful innocence and escapism.

Alternativas
Q3411713 Inglês
The underlined word in “The honorees receive a golden statuette of a gramophone.” is classified as a/an:
Alternativas
Q3411712 Inglês
Which of the following sentences contains mistakes?
Alternativas
Q3411711 Inglês
Which item below CANNOT substitute the underlined term in the text? 
Alternativas
Q3411710 Inglês

Grammy — the American music award


    Grammy Awards, any of a series of awards presented annually in the United States by the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (NARAS; commonly called the Recording Academy) or the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (LARAS; commonly called the Latin Recording Academy) to recognize achievement in the music industry. Winners _____ selected from more than 25 fields, which cover such genres as pop, rock, rap, R&B, country, reggae, classical, gospel, and jazz, as well as production and postproduction work, __________ packaging and album notes. Four general awards ______ also given for record, album, song of the year, and best new artist; in total more than 75 awards are presented. The honorees receive a golden statuette of a gramophone.



(Source: Encyclopedia Britannica — adaptation.)

Regarding the text and the Grammy Awards, check the INCORRECT item:
Alternativas
Q3411709 Inglês

Grammy — the American music award


    Grammy Awards, any of a series of awards presented annually in the United States by the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (NARAS; commonly called the Recording Academy) or the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (LARAS; commonly called the Latin Recording Academy) to recognize achievement in the music industry. Winners _____ selected from more than 25 fields, which cover such genres as pop, rock, rap, R&B, country, reggae, classical, gospel, and jazz, as well as production and postproduction work, __________ packaging and album notes. Four general awards ______ also given for record, album, song of the year, and best new artist; in total more than 75 awards are presented. The honorees receive a golden statuette of a gramophone.



(Source: Encyclopedia Britannica — adaptation.)

Check the item that CORRECTLY fills in the gaps from the text:
Alternativas
Q3411565 Pedagogia

Em conformidade com a Resolução nº 7/2010 — Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Fundamental de 9 (nove) anos, assinalar a alternativa que preenche as lacunas abaixo CORRETAMENTE:



O Ensino Fundamental se traduz como um direito público ___________ de cada um e como dever do Estado e da família na sua oferta a todos. É dever do Estado garantir a oferta do Ensino Fundamental público, gratuito e de qualidade, __________ requisito de seleção. As escolas que ministram esse ensino deverão trabalhar considerando essa etapa da educação como aquela capaz de assegurar a cada um e a todos o acesso ao conhecimento e aos elementos da cultura imprescindíveis para o seu desenvolvimento pessoal e para a vida em sociedade, assim como os benefícios de uma formação comum, ________________ da grande diversidade da população escolar e das demandas sociais.

Alternativas
Q3411564 Pedagogia

Considerando-se a Resolução CNE/CEB nº 4/2010 — Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais Gerais para a Educação Básica, sobre as formas para a organização curricular, marcar C para as afirmativas Certas, E para as Erradas e, após, assinalar a alternativa que apresenta a sequência CORRETA:



( ) A transversalidade é entendida como uma forma de organizar o trabalho didático-pedagógico em que temas e eixos temáticos são integrados às disciplinas e às áreas ditas convencionais, de forma a estarem presentes em todas elas.


( ) A transversalidade difere da interdisciplinaridade e ambas se complementam, rejeitando a concepção de conhecimento que toma a realidade como algo estável, pronto e acabado.


( ) A interdisciplinaridade refere-se à dimensão didáticopedagógica; a transversalidade, à abordagem epistemológica dos objetos de conhecimento.

Alternativas
Q3411563 Pedagogia
Em conformidade com a Lei nº 9.394/1996 — Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional, a Educação Básica, nos níveis Fundamental e Médio, será organizada de acordo com regras, como a verificação do rendimento escolar, que observará alguns critérios, entre eles:
Alternativas
Q3411562 Pedagogia

Considerando-se a Resolução CNE/CP nº 2/2017, que institui e orienta a implantação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), marcar C para as afirmativas Certas, E para as Erradas e, após, assinalar a alternativa que apresenta a sequência CORRETA:



( ) As aprendizagens essenciais são definidas como conhecimentos, habilidades, atitudes, valores e a capacidade de os mobilizar, articular e integrar, expressando-se em competências.


( ) As aprendizagens essenciais compõem o processo informativo dos educandos apenas da etapa do ensino fundamental, como direito de pleno desenvolvimento da pessoa, seu preparo para o exercício da cidadania e qualificação para o trabalho.


( ) No âmbito da BNCC, competência é definida como a mobilização de conhecimentos (práticas cognitivas e socioemocionais), habilidades (conceitos e procedimentos), atitudes e valores, para resolver demandas complexas da vida cotidiana, do pleno exercício da cidadania e do mundo do trabalho.  

Alternativas
Q3411561 Legislação Municipal

Acerca das políticas de saúde e educação, segundo a Lei Orgânica do Município, numerar a 2ª coluna de acordo com a 1ª e, após, assinalar a alternativa que apresenta a sequência CORRETA:



(1) Saúde.


(2) Educação.



( ) Respeito ao meio ambiente e controle da poluição ambiental.


( ) Gestão democrática do ensino público.


( ) Garantia de padrão de qualidade.

Alternativas
Q3411556 Noções de Informática

A informática possui dispositivos de armazenamento. A categoria possui a função de memorizar e guardar dados que você precisará num momento futuro. Sobre o assunto, analisar os itens abaixo:



I. Magnéticos.


II. Ópticos.


III. Eletrônicos.



Está(ão) CORRETO(S): 

Alternativas
Q3411554 Noções de Informática

Considerando-se o uso da tecnologia atualmente, assinalar a alternativa que preenche a lacuna abaixo CORRETAMENTE:



O ______________ é um modelo de linguagem capaz de entregar tanto soluções simples para o dia a dia quanto gerar respostas complexas e atualizadas acerca de temas extremamente específicos. O grande diferencial dele para os mecanismos de busca atuais ou até assistentes virtuais é a capacidade que ele tem de conversar com o público enquanto aprende. Basicamente, trata-se de uma plataforma na qual é possível digitar uma pergunta e ter uma resposta personalizada, com um altíssimo nível de adaptabilidade para a sua demanda. 

Alternativas
Q3411553 Português
Atende CORRETAMENTE à colocação pronominal a oração da alternativa: 
Alternativas
Q3411552 Português

Sobre o emprego do acento indicativo da crase, considerar o fragmento abaixo e analisar os itens a seguir:



“Com o celular por perto, dou a entender que meu maior interesse está fora do lugar, escondendo-me perigosamente da pessoa à minha frente”.



I. Se substituíssemos “minha frente” por “seguir”, o acento indicativo da crase deveria ser mantido.


II. Caso “minha frente” fosse substituído por “direita”, deveria ser mantido o acento indicativo da crase.


III. Caso substituíssemos “minha” por “nossa”, o acento indicativo da crase deveria ser mantido, pois, em ambos os casos (à minha/à nossa), o emprego da crase é obrigatório.



Está(ão) CORRETO(S): 

Alternativas
Q3411548 Português
Assinalar a alternativa que apresenta uma frase na qual as conjunções ou locuções conjuntivas sublinhadas correspondem ao sentido indicado entre parênteses:
Alternativas
Q3411547 Português
Considerando-se a ortografia da Língua Portuguesa, assinalar a alternativa em que a palavra sublinhada foi CORRETAMENTE grafada: 
Alternativas
Q3411546 Português

Por que é importante bocejar?


    Uma pessoa boceja em média de 5 a 10 vezes por dia. O sinal, causado por um reflexo involuntário, acontece quando se está sonolento, entediado ou ansioso, mas a importância do bocejo para o organismo ainda é pouco esclarecida.

    Acreditava-se que uma das finalidades do bocejo seria a de despertar o indivíduo ao fazer ele estirar os músculos e ajudar o sangue a circular. Outra hipótese é que o reflexo funcione para oxigenar o corpo.

    Entretanto, um estudo norte-americano mostrou que o bocejo esfria o cérebro, _______ através da inalação simultânea de ar frio e do alongamento dos músculos ao redor das cavidades orais, o bocejo aumenta o fluxo de sangue mais frio para o cérebro e, portanto, tem uma função termorreguladora.

    Essa função está ligada ao nível de atenção do indivíduo. Isso _______ os cérebros funcionam melhor em uma temperatura ideal, portanto, se a temperatura cerebral aumentar demais por qualquer motivo, ficamos menos alertas e atentos.

    Além dos humanos, estudos também observaram o bocejo em outros vertebrados, como peixes, sapos, cobras, passarinhos, golfinhos, gatos e macacos. A pesquisa apoia a ideia de que o bocejo em animais está ligado com o quanto o cérebro é ativo. A hipótese é que quanto mais ativo, mais resfriamento ele precisa.

    Em conclusão, acredita-se que, por isso, a duração do bocejo entre as espécies aumenta com o tamanho e o número de neurônios no cérebro. Os mamíferos parecem bocejar mais e por mais tempo do que os pássaros, por exemplo.



(Fonte: National Geographic — adaptado.) 

Assinalar a alternativa que apresenta uma relação entre os trechos do texto:


“Uma pessoa boceja em média de 5 a 10 vezes por dia.”


“[...] os cérebros funcionam melhor em uma temperatura ideal [...].”

Alternativas
Respostas
6201: D
6202: C
6203: C
6204: B
6205: A
6206: D
6207: C
6208: A
6209: A
6210: C
6211: A
6212: C
6213: A
6214: D
6215: A
6216: C
6217: B
6218: D
6219: B
6220: A